Develop a course editor
Chinese knots are not only beautiful in shape and colorful, but also these, such as "not only auspicious and festive", "both longevity and happiness", "double happiness at the door", "good luck and good luck" and "bon voyage", all represent warm and rich good wishes and are excellent works to praise and convey heartfelt prayers and wishes.
Chinese knots are woven with a silk thread from beginning to end, and each basic knot is named according to its shape and meaning. Combining different ornaments with each other, or with other ornaments with auspicious patterns, China traditional auspicious ornaments with unique shapes, colorful colors, profound meanings and rich connotations are formed. The material is red thread. There are many kinds of threads, such as silk, cotton, hemp, nylon and blended yarn, which can be used for knitting. What kind of thread to use depends on what kind of knot to tie. But generally speaking, not only the pattern of the knot is swallowed up, but also the aesthetic feeling of the thread itself will be eclipsed by the interference of the knot. The hardness of the wire should be moderate. If it is too hard, it is not only inconvenient to operate, but also difficult to grasp the knot shape. If it is too soft, the knitting is not straight and the outline is not obvious, so that the knot and the utensil are combined into one, and there is a dynamic rhythmic beauty in the swaying. Lines of different textures can be woven into works of different styles. Pay attention to the color when selecting the line. Ancient jade and other quaint objects should be decorated with knots, and the lines should be in subtle colors, such as brown or dark green. But for some objects with monotonous shapes and dark colors, decorative knots should be arranged. Various threads can weave many knots with different shapes and rhythms. Among them, there are double strings, buttons, pipa, group brocade, cross, auspicious, swastika, plate length, algae well, double, butterfly and other knots.
Sculptures, ceramics and dishes are as easily recognized by foreigners, which shows that China is a representative of the Han nationality.
Chinese knot art is a unique folk hand-woven art in China. With its unique oriental charm and colorful changes, it fully embodies the wisdom and profound cultural heritage of the people of China. In the process of Beijing's bid to host the Olympic Games, Chinese knots, as a symbol of China's traditional culture, are deeply loved by friends from all over the world.
People in China learned to tie knots a long time ago. And "knot" has always played an important role in China people's life. One of the main reasons why knot is so important is that it is a very practical technology. This can be seen from many historical materials and traditional customs: the earliest record
As early as the end of the Paleolithic period, that is, the remains of Zhoukoudian caveman culture, the existence of "bone needles" was discovered. Since there is a needle, there must be a rope at that time, so it is inferred that simple knotting and sewing techniques should have been formed at that time.
The predecessor of writing
"Book of Changes" contains: "The ancient records were used by later saints to write books", and Zheng Xuan's "Book of Changes" also notes; As the saying goes, big things are summed up with their ropes, and small things are summed up with their ropes. However, the figures and symbols seen on bronzes during the Warring States period still have the shape of knots. Judging from these historical materials, the structure has indeed been used as an auxiliary memory tool, and it can also be said that it is the predecessor of words.
Dressing habits
1) clothes
The earliest clothes did not have today's buttons, zippers and other accessories, so if you want to fasten your clothes, you can only use this method of tying your belt.
2) Yu Pei
Chinese people have always had the habit of wearing jade articles. The shapes of the past dynasties are jade yellow, jade dragon and jade. Small round holes are drilled on it, so that Yu Pei can be tied to the clothes through a string. In addition, there is a complete set of Yu Pei, which is composed of several different Yu Pei of Linlin Langlang on a long rope, and its connection mode is of course not by tying a rope.
3) Application
Print button and mirror button
The ancients had the habit of hanging seals on their bodies. Compared with the China seal handed down from generation to generation, there were buttons on all sides. In ancient bronze mirrors, the mirror buckle was cast in the center of the back and could be held side by side. It is not difficult to see from these two places that Chinese knots were widely used in China's ancient life.
A true lover's knot
The ancients liked to weave ribbons into a string of palindromes to express their love, which they called concentric knots. In Liang Wudi's poem, there is a saying: "Double belts around the waist, dreams are concentric knots". In the music of Jiao Fang in the Tang Dynasty, there is still an inscription of "concentric knot".
4) women's dress decoration
Gu Kaizhi, a great painter in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, painted a volume of Women's History Proverbs, which reflected that era quite truly.
Chinese knotting
From the social outlook, we can learn something about women's decoration at that time from paintings. For example, a simple one-wing bow was found as a practical ornament on a woman's belt in the painting. In addition, in the mural of Princess Yongtai's tomb in the Tang Dynasty, a woman has a knot on her belt, which has been called a bow. By the Qing Dynasty, knots had been regarded as an art with various styles and ingenious patterns. At that time, knots were widely used as decorations, and beautiful decorative knots with auspicious words were often woven under daily necessities such as sedan chairs, door curtains, curtains, shoulder pendants, flutes, sachets, hairpins, necklaces, glasses bags and tobacco bags.
Modern: The Art of Knotting Knots
By the Qing Dynasty, knots had developed to a very high level, with various styles and ingenious names. This exquisite ornament was simply regarded as a work of art. In Cao Xueqin's thirty-fifth novel A Dream of Red Mansions, "White jade tastes lotus leaf soup, and Huang Qiao is a plum blossom" has a dialogue, describing Baoyu's peace talks and brocade winding (winding is one of the applications of knots), explaining the purpose of knots at that time, the deployment of ornaments and knots, and the style and name of knots. Knots were very useful at that time, such as blessings from relatives and friends. Everything was decorated with intricate and varied knots and tassels. Beautiful decorative knots are also woven in the wind town under daily necessities such as sedan chairs, curtains, curtain hooks, fan pendants, flutes, sachets, hair clips, small boxes, glasses bags, tobacco bags and calligraphy and painting hanging shafts, and sometimes these knots have auspicious meanings.
Modern Jieyi
Since the Republic of China, China's original social form and lifestyle have undergone major changes due to the massive import of western ideas such as science and technology. In addition, many inherent cultural heritages have not been well preserved and disseminated, which leads to low practical value, and the traditional culture and skills that are time-consuming and laborious to produce gradually decline or even disappear in the society that is constantly transforming into modernization. China's traditional knitting technology is the best example. Another reason for the decline of weaving art is that the materials it uses, whether animal fibers or ropes made of plants, are restricted by innate conditions and cannot withstand various physical and chemical erosion of time, so they cannot be passed down to future generations for a long time. The knots on vessels found in 2 1 century are only relics of the Qing dynasty.
However, with the improvement of living standard and rope thread, new materials such as nylon thread, polyester thread and silk thread appear constantly, which can be preserved for a long time. Coupled with the popularity of the Internet, there are also websites devoted to the study of Chinese knot art on the Internet. For example, China Knot Art Network has gathered hundreds of thousands of Chinese knot lovers, established local Chinese knot lovers' associations, and regularly organized seminars and gatherings. At the same time, the grading audit of knot art was carried out, and the ancient Chinese knot art ushered in a brand-new development period.
origin
Chinese knot, which expresses emotion and wisdom, is the cultural knowledge in ancient China civilization; Metaphor of human reproduction from generation to generation; It is also a game presentation of mathematical mysteries. It has a complex and beautiful curve, but it can be reduced to the simplest two-dimensional line. It has an elegant charm, which comes from the basic tools of early human life. Chinese knots began with the knots of our ancestors.
Jieshengshi
People often talk about knotting notes. "
In fact, this is another important role played by knots in the history of human development. According to the Book of Changes: "The ancient method of tying a rope is easy for later saints to use bibliographic contracts." Zheng Xuan in the Eastern Han Dynasty said in the Book of Changes: "Knot the rope as a record. Those who have great events will tie the rope, and those who have small things will be tied with the rope." It can be seen that in the ancient land of China, "Festival" was endowed with the legal ideographic functions of "deed" and "covenant" by ancestors, and also had the function of recording historical events, so "Festival" was highly praised by people. For thousands of years, human recording methods have experienced the baptism of knots and Oracle bones, pens and paper, lead and fire, light and electricity. Nowadays, you can see the history of 5000 years by pressing the keyboard gently between the squares of notebook computers. Colored string is no longer a tool for people to remember. When it is tied into various knots, it revives ancient and beautiful legends.
There's a Qian Qian knot in it.
Zhang Xian, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote, "The heart is like a double screen with a Qian Qian knot inside.". Describe the state in which the family misses the old friend and their hearts are entangled after the girl's lovelorn. In classical literature, "knot" has always symbolized the lingering feelings of young men and women. How colorful human emotions are, and "knots" are ever-changing.
In the long process of evolution, "knot" has been endowed with various emotional wishes by sentimental people. Tuojie implies that in Chinese, many important events with centripetal convergence are almost metaphorical, such as knot, couplet, oath, alliance and unity. Marriage events between men and women are also expressed by "knot", such as marriage, marriage and union. Knot is the beginning of things, with a beginning and an end, so there are "results", "endings" and "endings". Since ancient times, "concentric knot" has become a token of love between men and women, and another example is "embroidered with acacia knot and tied with brocade", and knot ornaments have been recognized as a kind of emotional thing by the people. "Married couples" also originated from the wedding night of the ancients. Both men and women swear the eternal behavior of love with a lock of long hair. The poem "the horizontal silk is a dragon and phoenix, the carved flowers are colorful clouds, one inch is concentric and lasts for a hundred years" is a vivid description.
Knot of clothes
Let's take a look at the 5,000-year history of China clothing. Since the knot was coiled into an "S" shape and decorated on the waist, it has gone through the ribbon of the Zhou Dynasty, the double ribbon on the waist in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the silk knot in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the jade bracelet in the Song Dynasty, the buckle on the cheongsam in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the purse (sachet) handed down from generation to generation
An auspicious "sound knot"
Chinese knots, like other China arts, use shapes and homophones to express their meaning. For example, the combination of "auspicious knot", "clean knot" and "fish knot" will become more meaningful knot ornaments than auspiciousness, and the combination of "bat knot" and "money knot" can form "a blessing in sight". By analogy, the connotations of blessings such as "long life", "abundant financial resources", "happy reunion" and "happiness and auspiciousness" are extended, which are regarded as symbols of folk prayers and become auspicious ornaments handed down from generation to generation.
Basic knot editing
There are more than ten basic Chinese knots in China. Their names are based on their shapes, uses,
Double money knot
Still the original source and meaning.
1. Double money knot: It looks like two and a half pieces of ancient China copper coins, hence the name.
2. Newbutton knot: it is often used to tie clothes, and it is named because of its function.
3. Pipa knot: This knot evolved from a double-line ox knot, which is used to make decorative buckles for Tang suits and cheongsam.
4. Tuanjinjie: It looks like a flower, hence the name. The golden knot is complete and diverse, similar to the shape of a flower. Although the knot is small, it is beautiful and not easy to loosen. Often inlaid with beads, very beautiful.
5. Cross knot: The knot has two sides, one is the mouth and the other is the cross, which is called a cross knot.
6. Auspicious knot: Auspicious knot is an extension of the cross knot and one of the ancient decorative knots, which means auspiciousness and auspiciousness. The knitting method is simple, the knot shape is beautiful, there are many kinds, and it is widely used. When used alone, if the knot is easily deformed by hanging heavy objects, it can be fixed with setting glue.
7. The swastika used by the Nazi Party: The line of the knot resembles the symbol of Buddhism, hence the name.
Chinese knot style
8. Coil knot: a kind of Chinese knot. It symbolizes the highest state of unity of mind and matter, no beginning, no end and eternity, and represents the auspicious road, so people attach great importance to it. The length of the disk symbolizes the realization of the cycle, is the origin of all things, and is one of the most important foundation knots. It is often the main knot of many varied knots, and because Chinese knots are closely symmetrical, they are easily loved by ordinary people in sense and vision.
9. Algae well knot: named for its compact structure, gorgeous shape and ancient patio. The homonym of well and brocade is also called algae well.
10. Flat knot: A flat knot is formed by taking a line or an object as an axis and shuttling the two ends of another line around the axis. Flat knots are widely used, which can be used to connect ropes with the same thickness, and can also be used to weave bracelets, chains and other accessories.
1 1. Double connection: "Lian" means continuous connection. This knot consists of two simple knots, which are firm and not easy to loosen, hence the name "double knot".
12. Oxalis Knot: Also known as "Chinese Bow", its three outer ears resemble the leaves of Oxalis, hence the name. Oxalis is the national flower of Ireland, with beautiful appearance and auspicious meaning.
13. Bow: A knot made of butterflies, similar to the shape of a bat. In southern dialect, butterfly is homophonic with blessing. If the butterfly is matched with copper coins, it is called a blessing in sight. If made into five pairs of butterflies, it can symbolize five blessings.
Compilation method editing
The compilation of Chinese knots can be roughly divided into basic knots,
All kinds of Chinese knots
There are three kinds of change knots and combination knots, and their knitting techniques have the knitting principle of * * * * besides mastering the knitting techniques of various basic knots, which can be summarized as basic techniques and combination techniques. The basic technique is to weave with single thread, double thread or multi-thread, and make colorful knots or knots by using the changes of parallel or separated threads; The combination technique is to use the methods of line stretching, ear wing stretching and ear wing hook to flexibly combine various knots and complete a group of varied knots.
The final stage of learning Chinese knot art is the stage of designing your own works. When designing an elegant set of ornaments, the most important thing is to determine their purpose and function first, then determine their size and shape, and at the same time, consider the matching of colors and the proper use of accessories. The application of jewelry pays attention to exquisite and elegant style. The beauty of China traditional art can be fully displayed as long as the decorative mouth is flexibly used and one's artistic beauty and deep feelings are integrated into it.
step
Knots, colors and decorations should be properly matched and the size should be appropriate.
The two ends of the line can be wrapped around the tape, or it can be made hard and straight, and the interval between the lines can be left wider at first.
When the lines are complicated, they can be fixed with bead needles, and crochet needles and tweezers can assist in drawing.
Recognize the position of the line and adjust it immediately if there is any error.
Flexible use of the meaning and allusions of Chinese knots with small accessories. Drawing shape
First, tighten the knot to prevent deformation; Then adjust the size and shape of the auricle.
Adjust the circuit with crochet or tweezers, and pay attention to the beautiful shape and collocation.
Know which line to draw first and leave a few knots. Repair and maintenance
Sew the loose part firmly with thin thread of the same color.
Set matching beads to add beauty to the knot.
You can make a simple summary at the end of the knot, or you can wear beads or ornaments.
The handling of thread ends should be hidden, so as not to damage the aesthetic feeling.
tool
Weaving mainly depends on a pair of skillful hands. When the ancients knitted, they could weave all kinds of beautiful knots by winding the thread in their hands. For the convenience of beginners, this paper lists several simple tools that may be used.
When knitting more complicated knots, you can fix the thread with thumbtacks on the carton. Generally speaking, ordinary shoulder thumbtacks are very useful, while long-headed thumbtacks may make it difficult for fingers to shuttle between nails. When one thread wants to pass under another thread, tweezers and crochet can also be used to assist. After the knot is woven, in order to fix the knot shape, you can sew a few stitches with a needle and thread at the customs. In addition, a small pair of scissors is needed to repair the extra thread.
material
When tying a knot, the most important material is of course the thread. There are many kinds of thread, such as silk, cotton, hemp, nylon and blended yarn, which can be used to tie knots. The choice of thread depends on the kind of knot to be knitted and the purpose of the knot. Generally speaking, the simpler the braided wire, the better. Although a line with complicated stripes looks beautiful before knitting, generally speaking, not only the pattern of the knot is swallowed up, but also the beauty of the line itself will be eclipsed by the interference of the knot line.
The hardness of the wire should be moderate. If it is too hard, it is not only inconvenient to operate, but also difficult to grasp the knot shape. If it is too soft, the braided shape is not straight, the outline is not obvious, and the edges and corners are not prominent. However, the knots under dynamic objects such as fans and wind chimes should be made of flexible cords, so that the knots and objects can be integrated, and there is a dynamic rhythmic beauty in swaying.
When it comes to the thickness of the line, the first thing to look at is the size and texture of the jewelry. Big and thick things should be matched with thick lines; Elegant and compact objects should be matched with thinner lines. If you are editing an independent work purely for artistic appreciation, such as wall decoration, you can use lines with different textures to edit works with different styles.
When choosing the route, we should also pay attention to the color, weave decorative knots for ancient jade and other simple objects, and choose more subtle colors, such as brown or dark green; However, when arranging decorative knots for some objects with monotonous shapes and dark colors, if several thin lines with striking colors, such as gold, silver or bright red, are sandwiched in the knots, the whole object will be vivid and dazzling immediately.
The overall beauty of the knot should be emphasized. Not only should the thread be used properly, but the line type of the knot should be smooth and symmetrical, and the relationship between the knot and the jewelry should be more careful. The size, texture, color and shape of the two should be able to cooperate with each other and complement each other. Woven with too hard thread, it is inconvenient to turn; With too soft thread, you can't weave a straight knot with obvious outline. For knots woven under dynamic objects such as fans and wind chimes, flexible cords should be used to make the knots and objects blend together and sway.
Use threads
To make Chinese knots, rope is the main material. The choice of rope should pay attention to its luster and toughness (poor quality rope will feel hollow when pinched). Although the materials can be eclectic, professional rope weaving will be easier to form and the knotted knots will be more beautiful. Here are some commonly used Chinese knot knitting threads. It is often said that Korean silk mostly belongs to twill line, while Taiwan Province silk mostly belongs to horse racing line.
Edit, extract and repair
edit
According to the knot and accessories, you can start knitting after choosing the thread with suitable texture and color. It is not easy for beginners to master how long each knot will take to knit. It is better to cut a longer thread to knit. If the knot is to be used as a pendant with ornaments, then the ornaments should be put in the center of the line at the beginning of weaving, and then woven step by step according to the steps shown in the figure.
The complicated knot of thread often dazzles beginners. You can fix the thread on the carton and weave it slowly by relying on heavy thumbtacks. The color of the box should be light so as not to disturb the eyes. When editing, we should pay attention to the direction of lines and distinguish the relationship between them. At the same time, we should pay attention to whether the lines are straight and try not to distort them. The spacing between rows may be wider, and it will be easier to cross between rows.
Later, when the thread is too dense, you can use thick crochet or tweezers to help the thread ends cross, and the crochet should not be too sharp, so as not to hook the thread, causing fuzzing or flocculation, which will affect the beauty of the whole knot.
take out
After the knitting step is completed, the knot should be tied tightly, which is the whole knitting.
Knitting step of knot
The most important and difficult step in this process. Don't draw in a hurry. First recognize the thread to be drawn, then apply force evenly and slowly, and pay attention to whether the braided thread is twisted at any time. Tighten the main body of the knot first, and then adjust the length of its ear wing (earlobe or petal). From the beginning of knotting, the excess thread will be pushed and concentrated in the direction of the thread end in turn. In this operation, the main body of the knot must not be loosened. If the line segment is twisted, you should rotate the line segment with your thumb and forefinger while pulling, or use tweezers to flatten it. Often, different shapes of knots can be obtained due to different pumping methods; The quality of this technology will also directly affect the beauty and ugliness of the knot. So when you smoke, you must be patient and be careful.
After editing, you can delete all pushpins and start the drawing step. When painting, you should draw the main body of the knot first, and don't rush to draw. You have to recognize which lines you want to draw first, and then apply force evenly from left to right or up and down at the same time, and draw them tightly slowly.
After the main body is tightened, it will not loosen. At this time, you can put the knot on your hand and tighten your ears one by one. When drawing, the long line segments on the ear wing should naturally concentrate in the direction of the line head, and at the same time pay attention to adjusting the distorted line pattern.
After knotting, you can use tweezers or crochet to pull the thread towards the thread end. If the lines are uneven in complex places, you can also slowly turn the lines with tweezers or crochet until the lines are flat.
You can also smoke while holding the line segment of the line pattern with your thumb and forefinger and slowly adjust it to be straight. In addition, pay attention to whether the whole knot shape is neat and beautiful, and whether the length and shape of each ear wing are properly pulled.
Drawing is the most important step in the knitting process. If you do it properly, you can tie the knot quite beautifully. Different knots can also be obtained by different painting methods, and the changes are quite ingenious.
fixed
After the shape of the knot is completely satisfied, in order to maintain a perfect state, it is best to choose a thin thread with the same color as the knot in some places that are easy to loosen or where ornaments are hung, and sew a few stitches skillfully, so that the knot will not be deformed. Usually, the upper and lower ends of the knot are difficult.
Chinese knot (19)
It must be fixed with a needle and thread. When sewing, pay attention to hide the stitches and don't show traces. After the knot is fixed, beads with matching colors can be inlaid on the ear wings of the knot or in appropriate places to increase the aesthetic feeling. When knitting, the beads with larger holes can be knitted on the thread, and the most suitable parts can be selected by sewing with needles. Usually, bead holes are smaller than threads, so we must sew them after the knots are fixed. Next, you can make a simple summary, or put on ornaments such as big beads and tie the whole knot. Also pay attention to whether the color, shape and size of the jewelry selected here can match the main body of the knot properly. There are many ways to handle the thread, such as making a simple summary, hiding the existing thread in a knot, or winding the thread with thin gold and silver thread, so that the thread will not be hairy. In a word, the repair work should not be sloppy after the completion of the compilation and painting, and the spirit of Excellence can be seen in this place.
After the knot shape is adjusted, you can use thin threads with the same color to skillfully sew a few stitches or hang ornaments to fix the knot where the knot is easy to loosen to avoid deformation. Usually, the upper and lower ends of the knot are difficult places and need to be fixed most. Be careful not to show traces when sewing.
When you want to tie a knot, you can put a simple summary at the end of the knot, or you can put a big bead or other ornaments here. You must pay attention to whether its color, shape and size can match the knot.
Finally, we should deal with the thread, and don't let the scattered thread destroy the beautiful knot. There are many ways to deal with it, such as making a simple summary or hiding the thread in a knot, or winding the thread with thin gold and silver thread. When winding, it is best to sew every few turns to avoid loosening.
Because knots are exquisite decorations, small places such as thread ends should not be ignored, but should be carefully handled and trimmed. In addition, in order to make the knot art by going up one flight of stairs, aesthetic cultivation is essential, and the selection of materials, color matching and collocation of knot design accessories need sensitive and well-informed aesthetic ability.