Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Official History
Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Official History
1. Zhang Fei's handwriting is good, but not good.
2. Hua Xiong was beheaded by Sun Jian, and it was not Guan Yu who beheaded Hua Xiong with warm wine.
The following are the causes of death of military commanders that are inconsistent with the official history.
Romance of the three kingdoms history books
Huang Zhong died in the battle of Yiling [did not participate in this battle]
Zhang Liao xelloss attacked Wu and died.
Zhang Bao fell into a stream during the Northern Expedition and died young.
4。 Ma Chao retaliated against Cao for his father?
Ma Chao rose up against Cao Cao, so Ma Teng was killed by Cao Cao. Cao Cao didn't kill Marten, but Ma Chao rose to avenge his father. Cause and effect are reversed.
Ma Chao went to war regardless of his parents' lives? Please see the detailed cause and effect:
In 208 AD, Cao Cao wanted to go south (that is, he crusaded against Liu Biao and others and lost to Chibi in November). Afraid of Marten making trouble, he was induced to be an official in the central government. The eldest son, Ma Chao, was appointed as a partial general and stayed in Guanzhong [Xingping City, Shaanxi Province] to continue to lead his father's old subordinates, while the Marten family all moved to Yecheng.
In a.d. 2 1 1 year, Cao Cao sent Zhong You to crusade against Zhang Lu in Hanzhong, and ordered Xia Lingbing to meet him. This is probably Cao Cao's plan, because the army must pass through Guanzhong when attacking Hanzhong, and the Guanzhong princes will become suspicious and rebel. Gao Rou once advised Cao Cao, and Cao Cao's IQ could not be unknown. Therefore, Cao Cao is "Xiang Zhuang's sword dance, aiming at repeatedly appealing to the public". Guanzhong governors were basically granted by the imperial court, and Cao Cao could not send troops for no reason. So when Ma Chao and Guanzhong Han Sui sent troops to resist, as Cao Cao wished, Cao Cao's "suppression of the rebels" was justified. In September, Cao Cao defeated Mahan Allied Forces by alienating others.
2 12 In May, Cao Cao killed Ma Teng and slaughtered three clans (three clans: father clan, mother clan and wife clan) (this was in retaliation for Ma Chao's uprising against Cao Cao last year. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms said that Ma Teng wanted to stab Cao Cao and was killed. This is not history.
In 2 13 AD, Ma Chao was defeated again and took refuge in Zhang Lu. Zhang Lu wanted to marry his daughter. Someone warned him: "How can you love others if you don't even love your parents?" ? "Zhang Lu dismissed the idea.
Summary:
It can be said that Cao Cao planned Ma Chao's marching meeting, so it is unfair to evaluate Ma Chao's "not loving his parents". Marten is a speculator in the official history. He has been rebellious and willful since the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and he often takes advantage of chaos to attack places. Cao Cao chose him to be an official in the central government, in fact, holding him hostage and containing Ma Chao. Therefore, Marten moved his family to Cao Cao's territory, which was doomed to be the beginning of tragedy. Cao Cao first provoked Ma Chao's resistance, and then took this opportunity to kill Marten, so the super director behind the tragedy was Cao Cao, and the deputy director was the ignorant Marten. Ma Chao can only be regarded as a poor supporting role.
5 Zhou Yu and Lu Su who were vilified.
Many people think that Cao Cao is the most vilified in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. In fact, Zhou Yu suffered as much injustice as Cao Cao. Zhou Yu is an excellent talent in all aspects of official history, and even looks good; Victory in Red Cliff is a masterpiece directed by him. However, in order to strengthen Kong Ming's intelligence, The Romance of the Three Kingdoms describes Zhou Yu as a narrow-minded and scheming military commander, and portrays Lu Su as a passive Nuo Nuo, blunt and soft-hearted. There is no mention in the official history that Zhou Yu faced hundreds of thousands of Cao Cao's army and needed the help of Liu Bei's 20 thousand army very much. It is impossible to murder Kong Ming easily. While appreciating the wonderful plot of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, we should also understand the true face of history.
Zhao Yun saves the young master in the sun.
Zhao Yun [Zilong] in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms is in Dangyang County. (Changban is a place name, not a mountain name. It is incorrect to say that the Romance of the Three Kingdoms is Changbanpo. ) riding alone into hundreds of thousands of Cao Cao's army, in the arms of Adou [Liu Chan], not only deus ex, but also killed more than 50 general Cao Jun, even Cao Cao was dumbfounded. This is recognized as one of the most wonderful fragments of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
Now let's look at the official description:
Liu Bei, the late master, was chased by Tso Cao in Osaka, and left his wife to go south, holding his weak son, Liu Chan, to protect Mrs. Gan, the late master's wife, and survived. Move [promote] to the general's yamen. "[Zhao Yunchuan's reflection].
"Zi Tongzhi Jian" only mentions:
Someone told Liu Bei that "Zhao Yun has fled to the north". Liu Bei threw a halberd and said, "Zhao Yun will never leave me." Soon, Zhao Yun came back with Liu Chan in his arms. Zi tong zhi Jian
Author: Dragon King Gallen 2009-7-8 12:57 reply to this speech.
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The annals of the Three Kingdoms and the official historical materials of the Three Kingdoms period.
It is not surprising that both books write this story very briefly. The official history even mentioned the story of Battle of Red Cliffs, which decided the tripartite confrontation between the three countries. [China history books generally don't elaborate on the story of war] The History of the Three Kingdoms by Chen Shou is famous for its "brief content".
The Three Kingdoms mentioned that Zhao Yun was promoted to be a general of yamen, which proved that his performance at that time was commendable. Of course, rushing into the enemy camp alone not only saved the baby, but also killed more than 50 generals under heavy siege, which seems too romantic. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms does use exaggerated writing to describe this heroic history, but many people are not afraid to take it seriously for the following reasons:
1. Zhao Yun's martial arts are well known [the official history mentioned that when Kong Ming retreated after the first defeat of the Northern Expedition, Zhao Yun walked behind the troops in the Meridian Valley, so there was almost no loss of military assets]. Even if Adou is in his arms, it is not an exaggeration to kill more than 50 general Wei.
Cao Cao led hundreds of thousands of troops to the south, but only pursued Liu Bei's army day and night with 5,000 Qingqi. When the two armies met and Liu Bei fled, Cao Cao's army plundered abandoned military assets and captured the people who fled south with the army, so the army was in chaos. If Zhao Yun rushes into hundreds of thousands of lean enemy troops and escapes safely, The Romance of the Three Kingdoms will be listed as science fiction by Qi Huangong. It is no exaggeration to say that the other side plundered everywhere like bandits, and Zhao Yun rode his savior alone and returned to China with great vigour.
7. The reason why Xu Shu sent Cao.
Xu Shu's mother was also captured in Dangyang, so she pointed to Liu Bei and said, "It is this inch of land that I built hegemony with the general. Now that my mother is missing, my heart is in a mess. Staying here won't help you. Please don't go there. " So I went to find Cao Cao. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms says that Xu Shu captured Xu Shu's mother because Cao Cao went south, and forged letters to lure him to Cao Ying. This is inconsistent with official history. Liu Bei's camp seems to be considerate of Xu Shu's departure, and Zhuge Liang also publicly praised Xu Shu when he was in Yizhou.
8. Did Mrs. Mi commit suicide by jumping into a well? Zhao Yun knocked down the earth wall and dug a well?
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms mentioned that Mrs Mi didn't want to bring trouble to others because of her serious injury. After entrusting Adou to Zhao Yun, she committed suicide by throwing herself into the well. When Zhao Yun was sad, he pushed down the earth wall and closed the manhole cover to avoid humiliating Mrs. Mi's body.
According to official records, Liu Bei's two wives (Mrs. Gan and Mrs. Mi, and Sun Quan's younger sister went through the door after Battle of Red Cliffs) were safe and sound in Dangyang. So there is no such thing as Zhao Yun knocking down the earth wall and digging a well.
9. Is Zhang Fei famous in Changbanqiao?
Zhang Fei broke the bridge in Nagano by the water, and Cao Cao's army dared not move forward. This passage is recorded in the official history. However, The Romance of the Three Kingdoms mentioned that Zhang Fei yelled at the bridge, and Xiahou Jie of Cao Jun was scared to death. This, of course, is an exaggeration of the novel and cannot be inferred by common sense. Now there is no bridge called Changban Bridge in Changban, so the bridge guarded by Zhang Fei should be a little-known bridge.
10 the true face of Jiang Gan the clown.
Jiang Gan was by no means insane as described in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, but he was also fooled by Zhou Yu. Jiang Gan in the official history is famous for his eloquence. At that time, he was a talented person, and Zhou Yu was an old friend, so Cao Cao sent him to cross the river as a lobbyist. Zhou Yuming understood his intention, and showed him the beautiful maid and precious treasure, and said, "When a gentleman works, he relies on the external righteousness of the monarch and the minister and the internal kindness of the flesh and blood. He will keep his word, follow the plan and share weal and woe. If Su Qin, Zhang Yi, Lu Jia and Li Sheng come again, they will be eloquent and peaceful. " "Jiang Gan always smile, don't talk about politics. After returning, I reported to Cao Cao that Zhou Yu was ambitious and his words could not be shaken. Romance describes Jiang Gan's failure as a lobbyist and his capture, which led Cao Cao to kill Cai Mao and Zhang Yun by mistake. This is not history.
1 1 Zhang Fei angered Du You?
Zhang Fei angered Du You? In fact, the real perpetrator is Liu Bei. Let's take a look at the description in the official history: the late master (Liu Bei) contributed to the yellow turban insurrectionary thief, except An Xiwei. Du You went to the county seat to handle affairs, and the late Lord asked for help, but failed. Du You, who went straight into the world, had a staff of 200 and a ribbon around his neck. Liu Ma (a civilian costume) abandoned his official position and was cornered. (reflection? ; Why did Liu Bei kill Du You with a stick, and finally abandoned his official position and fled? The story is recorded in the canon: the imperial court issued an imperial edict to prefectures and counties to eliminate some small officials who became officials because of military exploits, and Liu Bei was on the blacklist. Du You went to Anxi County to dissuade Liu Bei. After Liu Bei knew it, he went to inquire. Du You refused to see him, and Liu Bei was furious. He tied Du You to a tree and whipped the others. Finally Liu Bei escaped. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms describes Du You's failure to make things difficult for Liu Bei everywhere, which provoked Zhang Fei to lash Du You. Describe the ugliness of officialdom, Lu described by Zhang Fei and Liu Bei's integrity. Although it does not conform to historical facts, the plot is quite brilliant, vividly depicting the embarrassment and helplessness of honest people in the ugly officialdom.
Author: Dragon King Gallen 2009-7-8 12:57 reply to this speech.
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The History of the Three Kingdoms and the Official Historical Materials of the Three Kingdoms Period.
12 Guan Yu curettage therapy
Guan Yu's story of scraping bones and healing his face is recorded in the official history. The official history did not say who helped him scrape the bones and heal the wounds, nor did it say when Guan Yu was injured by a poisonous arrow. According to the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Guan Yu was injured when he attacked Fancheng in the Northern Expedition, and it was definitely not Hua Tuo who helped him scrape the bones, because Hua Tuo was no longer alive at that time. According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, when Cao Chong, Cao Cao's beloved son, died, Cao Cao was always annoyed that he shouldn't have killed Hua Tuo, leaving his beloved son helpless. Cao Chong died in 208 AD, so Hua Tuo died before 208 AD. Guan Yu made the Northern Expedition in 2 19 A.D., and Hua Tuo has been dead for at least ten years. Similarly, Cao Cao died in 220 AD. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms said that Cao Cao killed Hua Tuo when he was dying. It is also inconsistent with historical facts.
Are there five generals in Shu Han?
The official history never mentioned that there were five generals in Shu Han. After Liu Bei defeated Cao Cao and occupied Hanzhong, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Ma Chao and Huang Zhong were appointed as former, right, left and rear generals, Wei Yan was the satrap of Hanzhong, and Zhao Yun was not tied. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms said that Zhao Yun was also appointed as a general in China, and he was also called an army of five tigers and generals with Guan, Zhang, Ma and Huang, which did not conform to the historical facts. Zhao Yun's position is similar to that of Cao Cao's Chu Xu. He is both the king's bodyguard and the captain of the imperial army. Of course, this position is enough for people whom the king trusts extremely. However, due to the nature of the position, the probability of leading the army out to fight is naturally greatly reduced, let alone being promoted to military posts. Zhaoyun seldom has the opportunity to lead troops, so it is difficult to evaluate his ability to lead troops. However, judging from the official history and unofficial history, Zhao Yun's political thought is quite good, he is brave and resourceful in fighting, and his personality is not unrelated to Zhang Er's flattery defect. There is no doubt that Liu Bei trusts him very much. When Liu Bei died, Zhao Yun was one of the few candidates who became an orphan. No wonder The Romance of the Three Kingdoms will try its best to beautify him and help him get promoted. In fact, Zhao Yun's position is not high, and he is older than Liu Bei. Liu Bang is dozens of years older than Xiang Yu, but in the play, Xiang Yu becomes a bearded old man instead, and Liu Bang becomes a white-faced villain, which does not damage the admiration of Chinese people.
That's right: according to official records, Cao Cao really has five tiger generals. Guess which five people? The answers are: Zhang Liao, Le Jin, Yu Jin, Zhang He and Huang Xu. Being listed as one of the five generals can be said to be the highest honor of military commanders, and Cao Cao also took this opportunity to gather the centripetal force of these talents. As for Xia Houdun, Xia,, Coss, etc. They are not inferior to the top five, but they are all Cao Cao. Cao Cao doesn't need to win them in the name of Iliad.
14 the true face of Cao Zhen
Remember that Cao Zhen who always lost the battle and got angry when he saw the letter written by Kongming? In order to highlight the cleverness of Zhuge Liang and Cao Zhen's successor Sima Yi, The Romance of the Three Kingdoms wrote Cao Zhen in a useless way. Is Cao Zhen's so useless? In fact, on the contrary, the official Cao Zhen not only made great achievements, but also made Zhuge Liang suffer a lot. During Zhuge Liang's first Northern Expedition, Cao Zhen defeated Ma Su in Jieting, which turned the situation around. Cao Zhen calculated more accurately that Zhuge Liang would attack Chencang next time, so he sent Zhao Haoxian to defend. Zhuge Liang's second Northern Expedition Army had to retreat because it could not attack Chencang repeatedly. Cao Zhen also actively led an army to attack Shu, but the road was broken because of the continuous heavy rain. Finally died in Luoyang, not by Zhuge Liang. Cao Zhen's eldest son, Cao Shuang, is really incompetent. Sima Yi finally staged a coup because of his autocratic power, and the Cao Shuang brothers were at a loss. Huan Fan, his counselor, cried and said: Cao Zhen was a hero all his life, but he gave birth to a group of stupid pigs.
15 Cao Cao was caught running away. Zhongmou county ordered him to go as a result. This county magistrate is not Chen Gong.
The following people are not mentioned or vaguely recorded in the official history [this does not mean that these people, things and things are fictional. Maybe it's missing, there's no need to remember, maybe it's not]
Romance of the Three Kingdoms: Official History
Lu Bu: I haven't mentioned it.
Diusim's story: Lu Bu had an affair with Dong Zhuo's beautiful girl and was almost killed. Bu rebelled. The official history doesn't mention the name of the story diusim.
Red Rabbit Horse: Biography of the Three Kingdoms and Lu Bu: "A good horse is called Red Rabbit Horse."
Tian Fang painted halberd, Qinglong crescent moon blade and Zhang Ba snake spear: not to mention.
Kongming Cao boat borrowed an arrow: it was not mentioned. However, the official history mentioned a similar plot: when Sun Quan attacked Hefei, the ship met Cao Bing and the ship
There are too many arrows on one side, and the center of gravity is unstable, so the boat will turn over. Sun Quan ordered the soldiers to turn the boat upside down so that the other side was also hit by an arrow, which put pressure on both sides.
Balance, so it is necessary to save the day.
Death of Yan Liang and Wen Chou: Yan Liang was indeed killed by Guan Yu, and Wen Chou was attacked by Cao Cao in the disorderly army and died. It shouldn't be locked up
Killed by feathers.
Kong Ming's empty plan: don't mention it. The official history should be a revision of Zhao Yunkong's plan. Zhao Yun scared off Cao Cao's army with an empty camp in Hanzhong.
Cowherd and Liu Ma: It is mentioned in the official history, but it is not specified.
Borrow Dongfeng: Don't mention. Pure fiction. At some time in winter, it is very common for the southeast wind to blow along the Yangtze River.
Eight-array method: it is mentioned, but it is an excellent marching method, and it is by no means a magical power of Taoism described in Romance.
Cao Cao seeks to stab Dong Zhuo: Zhuo called Cao Cao to be an official, but Cao Cao did not want to escape.
Guan Yu passed five customs and killed six generals: don't mention it.
Liu Bei married Sun Quan's sister: It is recorded in the official history.
The dead Zhuge scared away the living Zhong Da: It is recorded in the official history.