(A) teaching purposes
1. Basic knowledge required of students:
Sui Dynasty architect Yu Wenkai. Magnificent Tang Dynasty architecture, Daming Palace and Hanyuan Temple. Li Chun and Zhao Zhouqiao. Block printing and diamond sutra. The invention of gunpowder. Monks and their political parties and da Yan Li. Tang dynasty herbs. Sun Simiao and Fang. Buddhism, Islam and Taoism.
2. Let students understand ideologically:
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, people of all ethnic groups paid attention to absorbing foreign cultural achievements on the basis of the previous generation, and jointly created brilliant cultural achievements, which was not only the peak of feudal culture in China, but also the peak of world culture at that time, and made outstanding contributions to the development of human civilization. This is the pride of the Chinese nation and deserves our pride.
Every scientific and technological achievement in the culture of Sui and Tang Dynasties has been achieved through numerous experiments, in-depth research and serious study of the achievements of predecessors. We should learn from their dedication to science.
3. Cultivate students' ability:
Let students design and fill in the list of cultural and scientific achievements in Sui and Tang Dynasties, and cultivate students' ability to sum up problems.
Teaching emphases and difficulties
The "best in the world" project in scientific and technological achievements is the focus of this lesson.
"Why did Buddhism and Taoism flourish in Sui and Tang Dynasties?" Is the difficulty of this class.
teaching method
Heuristic conversation method (teachers and students talk together, small words are interspersed, and keywords are underlined)
curriculum design
(B) Teaching process
1. Introduce a new lesson
Guide the students to recall the knowledge of politics, economy and foreign relations in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. The teacher concluded that the Sui Dynasty was ruled by the emperor and the economy was prosperous. By the prosperous time of Kaiyuan in the Tang Dynasty, the social economy was developed and the national strength was strong. Friendly exchanges between ethnic groups and unprecedented frequent foreign exchanges have provided favorable conditions for the prosperity and development of culture, and people of all ethnic groups have jointly created brilliant Sui and Tang cultures. Today we mainly study outstanding achievements in science and technology.
Teach new courses
Question: Where is the capital of Sui and Tang Dynasties?
(Answer): The capital of Sui and Tang Dynasties is Chang 'an.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the magnificent palace buildings in Chang 'an reflected the prosperity of the construction industry at that time.
(1) Developed science and technology
1. Prosperous construction industry (blackboard writing) 1. Yuwen Kai, a famous designer in Sui Dynasty, designed and built Daxing City and Luoyang City.
Yu Wenkai is easy to learn and proficient in architectural technology. Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty sent him to preside over the construction of Daxing City, the capital of Sui Dynasty, and Luoyang City, the capital of East China, which became the most important achievement in his life. Chang 'an, Tang Dou is the largest city in the world.
Students, please recall the content of the third lesson "Chang 'an Million Rooms". You can turn to P 19 and read the sentence "Tang Dou Chang 'an is magnificent and rich". On the upper right of the plan of Chang 'an City in Tang Dynasty, there is the Daming Palace, which is one of the magnificent and rich buildings in Tang Dou.
2. Daming Palace Hanyuan Hall, a famous building in Chang 'an, Tang Dou.
Please read the P45 repair map. The main hall of Daming Palace includes Hanyuan Hall, which is the place where important celebrations and meetings were held in the Tang Dynasty. From the picture, we can see the magnificent palace terrace, which reflects the height of architectural technology in the Tang Dynasty.
You once learned a text about Zhao Zhouqiao in primary school Chinese class. Who remembers the name of the bridge builder?
(Answer): "It was designed and built by a craftsman named Li Chun."
Yes! (Writing on the blackboard while talking)
3. Li Chun, an outstanding craftsman in Sui Dynasty, designed and built Zhao Zhouqiao (the best in the world).
(Hang out the homemade map of Zhao Zhouqiao)
In the 7th century AD, Zhao Zhouqiao, originally named Anji Bridge, designed and built by craftsman Li Chun, was located on the Weihe River in the south of Zhao County, Hebei Province today. The arch span of this bridge is 37.37 meters. As we can see from the picture, there are two small arches above the two ends of the big arch. This design conforms to the mechanical principle and reduces the weight of the bridge body and the pressure of the bridge foundation. The whole bridge has exquisite design, scientific structure, durability, flood control and material saving, and beautiful appearance. It was more than 700 years after Zhao Zhouqiao was built that similar stone arch bridges appeared in Europe. Zhao Zhouqiao has a history of 1300 years, and it is the oldest stone arch bridge in the world. We are proud of this! (Write the words "the best in the world" on the blackboard with red chalk at this time)
The temples, pagodas and residential buildings in the Sui and Tang Dynasties also made outstanding achievements. For example, the Big Wild Goose Pagoda in Xi 'an (taking out postcards with the pattern of Big Wild Goose Pagoda) is a seven-story square pavilion-style brick tower built in Tang Gaozong to store Buddhist scriptures that Xuanzang retrieved from Tianzhu. The present Big Wild Goose Pagoda was rebuilt in Ming Dynasty.
Question: What are the four great inventions of ancient China?
The teacher pointed out that the two great inventions of block printing and gunpowder appeared in the Sui and Tang Dynasties.
Second, engraving printing and the invention of gunpowder
1. Woodblock Printing
China was the first country in the world to invent printing. Before the invention of printing, people copied books by hand, which was time-consuming and laborious and easy to make mistakes. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, people got inspiration from seal cutting and rubbings, carved words on wooden boards, made them into reverse lettering, and then printed them one by one with ink and paper. This is block printing, which greatly facilitates the spread of culture. At that time, this technology was used to print poetry books, calendars, Buddhist scriptures and so on. Please look at the pictures in the textbook P48 Diamond Sutra. How beautiful the pictures are and how clear and neat the fonts are! Please read the last line again, (read by the teacher), "On April 15th, 1999 in Xian Tong, Wang Jun made contributions to his second parents". This Diamond Sutra was carved by a man named Jun in 868 AD to pray for his parents to eliminate disasters. This diamond sutra is the earliest block printing with a deadline in the world. (Emphasize two points of reciting the Diamond Sutra: one is the best in the world, and the other is to mark the exact date. )
2. The invention of gunpowder in the late Tang Dynasty and its military application.
(Please read the fine print in the second paragraph of P48)
Gunpowder was invented by China ancient alchemist when refining Dan medicine. The main components of gunpowder are saltpeter, sulfur and charcoal. The preparation method of gunpowder has been recorded in books in the middle of Tang Dynasty, and people have mastered the combustion and explosion properties of gunpowder. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, rockets made of gunpowder began to be used in war. Please look at the rocket pictures on this page. At that time, people made gunpowder into balls and tied it to the lower part of the arrow. When they used it, they lit the fuse and patted it hard. After hitting the target, it explodes and burns, solving the problem of killing the enemy at a long distance. /kloc-in the third century, gunpowder spread to Europe, and the guns made by the bourgeoisie with gunpowder destroyed feudal rule.
In astronomy, Sui and Tang Dynasties were also in the leading position in the world. Today we will meet two famous astronomers.
Third, astronomical calendar.
1. Liu Zhuo, a famous astronomer in Sui Dynasty.
He formulated the most advanced calendar at that time, the Emperor Calendar.
2. A famous astronomer and monk in Tang Dynasty.
① Measuring meridian length (the first time in the world)
Please look at the "A line" diagram of P49. A group of monks, formerly known as Zhang Sui and Fa Yi Hao, studied hard since childhood and became famous for their profound knowledge when they grew up. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ordered him to revise the calendar. He set up 13 observation points all over the country and calculated the length of the meridian. This is the first time in the world. We know that the length of the meridian is related to the measurement of the size of the earth (students have learned this knowledge in geography class), so we say that this achievement made by the monks and their party occupies an important position in the history of science and technology, and they also compiled the most accurate calendar at that time-Great Yan Li.
② Da Yan Li.
It is more accurate than the previous calendar and has a great influence on future generations.
The Tang Dynasty also made great achievements in medicine.
Fourth, the medical achievements of the Tang Dynasty.
1. Set up a branch medical school when I was in Zhenguan.
During the reign of Emperor Taizong, the government set up a medical college with excellent disciplines, which was 200 years earlier than the West.
When he was in Tang Gaozong, the government organized people to write a book "Herbal Medicine of Tang Dynasty".
2. Tang herbal medicine (the best in the world)
The book has collected more than 800 kinds of drugs, which is the first pharmacopoeia compiled and promulgated by the state in the world, more than 800 years earlier than that in Europe. Please mark these two sentences P49.
Sun Simiao, the most outstanding physician in the Tang Dynasty, the students looked at the portrait of P49 "Sun Simiao" and counted how old he lived.
(Answer) "He lived 10 1 year!"
Look at what the centenarian is wearing on crutches.
(Answer) "It's a medicine gourd."
3. Sun Simiao, the king of medicine, has a good way (Tang Dynasty)
Read Sun Simiao's sentence on the right side of the portrait again: "Life is the most important thing, but there is a precious daughter". We can see from this sentence what kind of person Sun Simiao is.
(After the student answers, the teacher concludes) He is an outstanding medical scientist, with excellent medical skills, not greedy for money, and devoted himself to studying medicine all his life. He humbly learned from the experience of his predecessors, collected folk remedies and went to the mountains to collect medicines. After continuous efforts, he finally wrote the famous medical book Qian Jin Fang. The prescription recorded more than 800 kinds of drugs and more than 5000 prescriptions, which greatly enriched the knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine. Later generations revered Sun Simiao as the "King of Medicine".
Last semester, I talked about a foreign religion, which was very popular as early as the end of the Western Han Dynasty when it was introduced to the Southern Dynasties in China. What religion is it?
The prosperity of religion
(Student answers) "It's Buddhism."
First, Buddhism
The Sui and Tang emperors respected Buddhism. They used Buddhist ideas to educate the people in an attempt to anesthetize them in order to consolidate feudal rule, so they built temples. If you look at P50 "The Development of Buddhism in the Period of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty", you will know that there are more than six folk Buddhist scriptures. In the Tang Dynasty, Wu Zetian admired Buddhism and reached its peak. Please read the fine print of P50 after class. Second, Taoism (please read P50)
The emperor of the Tang Dynasty considered himself a descendant of Li Er, the founder of Taoism. In particular, several generations of emperors before Xuanzong's rule highly praised Taoism, so both Taoism and Buddhism reached a peak. At that time, from Chang 'an to Luoyang, numerous Taoist temples were built, but their influence was not as extensive as that of Buddhism.
Third, other religions: Nestorianism and Islam.
Focus on Islam.
Consolidate summary
The main contents we need to master in learning this lesson today are:
1. Daming Palace in Chang 'an, Tang Dou includes Yuan Temple.
Zhao Zhouqiao designed and manufactured by Li Chun is the oldest stone arch bridge in the world, more than 700 years earlier than Europe. (sui)
Block printing was invented in Sui and Tang Dynasties. The Diamond Sutra is the earliest block printing with exact date in the world.
China is the first country in the world to invent gunpowder and cultivate rockets with firearms.
A famous astronomer in the Tang Dynasty was a monk and his party, and his Great Yan Li was the most accurate calendar at that time.
6. At the time of Zhenguan, the government set up a medical college of disciplines, which was 200 years earlier than that in the west.
7. Tang Herbal Medicine compiled by the Tang government is the first pharmacopoeia compiled and promulgated by the state in the world, which is more than 800 years earlier than that in Europe.
8. Qian Jin Fang, written by Sun Simiao, a famous doctor in the Tang Dynasty, was honored as the "King of Medicine" by later generations.
do homework
Design a list of scientific and technological achievements in Sui and Tang Dynasties.
(3) Suggestions on teaching methods
1. In view of the fact that students know little about part of this lesson, the use of heuristic dialogue is helpful to arouse students' learning enthusiasm.
2. Self-made teaching is conducive to intuitive teaching.
3. Reading or telling stories with small print content selectively helps to stimulate students' interest in learning.
class exercise
I. Single choice
1. The designer of Zhao Zhouqiao, the oldest stone arch bridge in the world, is
A. Li Chun Cai Lun
C. Zhang Heng D. Jia Sixie
2. The existing world's earliest block printing "Diamond Sutra" is in
A. Sui Dynasty B. Han Dynasty
C. Tang Dynasty D. Jin Dynasty
3. The main achievements of astronomers and monks in Tang Dynasty are as follows.
A. Inventing seismographs to determine the direction of earthquakes
B. improved papermaking
C. He wrote a book criticizing superstition of ghosts and gods-Lun Heng.
Measure the length of meridian.
4. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the construction industry was very prosperous, with the following architectural features.
(1) large scale (2) great boldness of vision.
③ Neat but not rigid ④ Gorgeous but not exquisite.
A.①②③ B.①②③④
C.②③④ D.①②④
Second, list the problems.
List the scientific and technological achievements of China in the forefront of the world during the Sui and Tang Dynasties.
A: (1) Zhao Zhouqiao designed and built by Li Chun.
(2) The Diamond Sutra printed in the Tang Dynasty (block printing)
(3) the invention of gunpowder
(4) The monk and his party measured the meridian length.
(5) Excellent disciplines in medical colleges in Tang Dynasty.
(6) Tang herbal medicine
Third, material problems.
Material: "Life is a matter of life, and there is a baby daughter."
Question: (1) Whose words are these?
(2) What is his main contribution?
Answer: (1) Sun Simiao (2) wrote Qian Jin Fang, which was called "King of Medicine" by the late Buddha.
Fourth, question and answer.
Briefly describe the main achievements of medical development in Tang Dynasty.
A: Medicine developed greatly during the Sui and Tang Dynasties. During the Zhenguan period, the government set up a medical school with excellent subjects, which was 200 years earlier than the west. In Tang Gaozong, Herbal Medicine of Tang Dynasty is the first pharmacopoeia compiled and promulgated by the state in the world, which is more than 800 years earlier than that in Europe. Sun Simiao was the most outstanding medical scientist in the Tang Dynasty, and his life-long work Qian Jin Fang occupied an important position in the medical history of China. Later generations respectfully called him "the King of Medicine".
Lesson 7 Brilliant Sui and Tang Culture (1) Exercise
First, multiple choice questions
1 The largest city in the world during the Tang Dynasty was (). C
A. Rome B. Baghdad C. Changan D. Có rdoba
2. The most magnificent building in Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty is (). D
A. Big Wild Goose Pagoda B. Imperial City C. Miyagi D. Daming Palace Hanyuan Hall
3. The oldest stone arch bridge in the world is (). B
A. Lugou Bridge B. Zhao Zhouqiao C. Anping Bridge D. Xi An Bridge
4. When was the earliest stone arch bridge built in the world ()? C
A. Qin dynasty B. Han dynasty C. Sui dynasty D. Tang dynasty
5, four great inventions of ancient china appeared in the sui and tang dynasties is (). B
A. Compass and printing B. Printing and gunpowder
C. Gunpowder and papermaking D. Printing and papermaking
6, the existing world's earliest block printing, marked the exact date is (). B
A. Arabian Nights B. Diamond Sutra C. Datang Western Regions D. Journey to the West
7. The astronomer with the highest achievement in the Sui and Tang Dynasties was (). D
A. Stone God B. Gander C. Guo Shoujing D. monks and his party
8, the world's earliest medical school with fine disciplines appeared in () B ..
A. The reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty B. The reign of Guan Zhen C. The reign of Kaiyuan D. The reign of Tianbao
9, the world's first pharmacopoeia promulgated by the state is (). C
A. Fang B. Shennong Herbal Classic C. Cao D. Treatise on Febrile Diseases
10, called "the king of medicine" by the late Buddha is (). D
A. Zhang Zhongjing B. Bian Que C. Hua Tuo D. Sun Simiao
1 1, architectural style features of Sui and Tang Dynasties do not include (). B
A. Large scale, magnificent B. Dome steeple C. Neat but not rigid D. Gorgeous but not slender
12, in the Tang dynasty, the astronomer who compiled the Dayan calendar was (). C
A. Gander B. Shi Shen C. monks and his party D. Guo Shoujing
13, in the history of world science and technology, the length of meridian was first measured in (). D
A. Spring and Autumn Period B. Qin and Han Dynasties C. Sui Dynasty D. Tang Dynasty
14, Zhenguan, the government-run medical college with fine disciplines is earlier than the west (). A
A. 200 BC to 300 BC
15, the national pharmacopoeia appeared later in Europe than in China (). C
A. 500 b. 700 c. 800d. 1000 years.
Second, list the problems.
List the scientific and technological achievements of China in the forefront of the world during the Sui and Tang Dynasties.
A: (1) Zhao Zhouqiao designed and built by Li Chun; (2) The Diamond Sutra printed in the Tang Dynasty (block printing).
(3) Invention of gunpowder (4) Monk and his party measured the length of meridian.
(5) Medical colleges with excellent disciplines in the Tang Dynasty (6) Herbal medicine in the Tang Dynasty.
Third, material problems.
Material: "Life is a matter of life, and there is a baby daughter."
Question: (1) Whose words are these?
(2) What is his main contribution?
Answer: (1) Sun Simiao (2) wrote Qian Jin Fang, which was called "King of Medicine" by the late Buddha.
Fourth, question and answer.
Briefly describe the main achievements of medical development in Tang Dynasty.
A: Medicine developed greatly during the Sui and Tang Dynasties. During the Zhenguan period, the government set up a medical school with excellent subjects, which was 200 years earlier than the west. In Tang Gaozong, Herbal Medicine of Tang Dynasty is the first pharmacopoeia compiled and promulgated by the state in the world, which is more than 800 years earlier than that in Europe. Sun Simiao was the most outstanding medical scientist in the Tang Dynasty, and his life-long work Qian Jin Fang occupied an important position in the medical history of China. Later generations respectfully called him "the King of Medicine".
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