According to 1949- 1989 analysis of natural disasters in China in recent 40 years, the top ten disasters can be roughly sorted as follows:
1July, 950, the Huaihe River flooded. Due to siltation and river bed elevation during the Huai Hai Campaign, the Kuomintang troops wantonly destroyed the dams along the Huaihe River. This year, the Huaihe River basin was in a comprehensive emergency, and many places in Henan and northern Anhui were flooded, with more than 34 million mu of land and130,000 victims. Huaibei area was seriously affected, which is rare for a hundred years. 1July, 954, the Yangtze River and Huaihe River flooded. The precipitation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Huaihe River basin is generally more than twice as much as normal, which leads to the surge of river water level. The water level of the Yangtze River in Hankou is as high as 29.73 meters, which is 19 and 3 1 year higher than the highest water level in history. Although the people along the Yangtze River have made great efforts to defend the Jingjiang levee, thus ensuring the safety of Wuhan and Nanjing, there are still 47.55 million mu of farmland flooded,18.88 million people were affected, and the property loss was 10 billion yuan. Due to the reduction of agricultural products, the people's life and industrial production of 1955 have also been affected.
1959- 196 1 year, three years of economic difficulties. From 65438 to 0959, the national drought was extensive and severe; 1960 drought has a wide range, a long duration, a heavy feeling in the early stage, and a late spring cold again in spring; 196 1 year, the drought is serious, winter wheat suffers from "neck drought", and the northern winter wheat area is also hit hard by hot air. As a result, agricultural output has dropped sharply, the national economic plan has not been completed for two consecutive years, the market supply is very tight, and people's lives are quite difficult. Coupled with long-term labor stress and illness, the abnormal death of the population has increased. According to the statistics of 1960, the total population of China has decreased by100000. Economic difficulties are caused by many factors, and natural disasters are one of them.
1August, 963, Haihe River flooded. In early August, there were five rainstorms in Hebei Province for seven consecutive days. Among them, the precipitation of Zhang Hu Commune in Neiqiu County is 2050 mm, and the rainstorm area is large. The total rainfall in the process exceeded 1000 mm, covering an area of 5,560 square kilometers, and flooded more than 72.94 million mu of cultivated land in 104 counties and cities. The reservoir collapsed, the bridge was destroyed and the Beijing-Guangzhou line was interrupted. Tianjin is in an emergency, with more than 22 million.
On March 8, 1966, Xingtai earthquake. 8 182 people died, 5 1395 people were injured, and 5.08 million houses collapsed.
1970 65438+1October 5, Tonghai earthquake. Death 1562 1 person, 26,783 people were injured and 338,456 houses collapsed.
August 1975, Dashui, Henan. Typhoon No.7503 landed in Fujian, passing through Jiangxi and southern Hubei, and stayed at the foot of Funiu Mountain in Henan for more than 20 hours from May 5 to 7, with the maximum precipitation of 1.605 mm, which caused the tributaries of Ruhe River, Sha Ying River and Tangbaihe River to skyrocket, and the levees, Banqiao River and Shimantan Reservoir burst, causing catastrophic floods, broken houses and roads and drowning people and animals. On July 28th, 1976, Tangshan earthquake. 242,000 people died,1640,000 people were seriously injured, 5.3 million houses collapsed, and the direct economic loss 100 billion yuan. Due to the interference of the Gang of Four during the "Cultural Revolution" and the serious damage caused by the Tangshan earthquake, China's national economic income dropped by 2.7% in 1976 compared with the previous year, which made the national economy on the verge of collapse. 1978- 1983, there is a persistent drought in the north. From 65438 to 0978, there was a large-scale drought in China, which affected 603 million mu and caused 269 million mu of disasters. 1979 has a large drought range in autumn and winter;
1980 Summer, severe summer drought occurred in parts of North China, Northeast China and Northwest China, with 392 million mu of drought nationwide, resulting in disaster1870,000 mu. 198 1 The rainfall in the northern winter wheat area in spring is 50-70% less, and the number of people lacking water is 22.97 million, and the rainfall in autumn is 40-90% less. There are 385 million mu of drought in China, resulting in 654.38+82 million mu of disasters. 1982 National drought 31100000 mu, disaster1500000 mu; 1983 The country suffered from drought of 24 1 100 million mu, resulting in disaster10.40 million mu. There has been a long-lasting, wide-ranging and severe drought in many areas, which is a rare drought after the founding of New China. Water shortage has also become a major problem in the north, seriously affecting people's normal life and the sustainable development of the national economy.
1August, 985, Liaohe River flooded. Typhoons No.8507, No.8508 and No.8509 hit the northeast with continuous heavy rain. In addition, the river has been in disrepair for a long time and the flood discharge is not smooth. The original flood discharge capacity of Liaohe River is 5,000 cubic meters, but in fact the flood volume is only 2,000 cubic meters, but it has caused more than 4,000 breaches of small and medium-sized rivers in the province, resulting in more than 60 cities and counties, with a population of120,000. To sum up, in recent 40 years, floods ranked first in China, with 5 times, 3 earthquakes and 2 droughts.
After 1990, it is roughly as follows:
1998 south China flood
June 5438+February 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami
65438+On February 26th, 2004, a strong earthquake struck the sea near Sumatra Island in Indonesia and triggered a tsunami, which affected more than ten countries in Southeast Asia, South Asia and East Africa such as Indonesia, Thailand, Myanmar, Malaysia, Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Somalia, Seychelles and Kenya, causing heavy casualties and property losses.
This earthquake is one of the strongest earthquakes in the world in the past 40 years, and the tsunami triggered by the earthquake is also the worst in the history of the Indian Ocean. The tsunami disaster * * * caused about 230,000 people to die or disappear, including thousands of foreign tourists, and the economic loss exceeded $654.38 billion. Nearly 6.5438+0.7 million people died or disappeared in Indonesia, including 6.5438+0.2 million people in Aceh province and 200,000 people were displaced.
Hurricane Katrina in August 2005
On August 29th, 2005, category five hurricane Katrina hit the southeastern part of the United States, causing serious loss of people and property.
Hurricane Katrina killed 65,438+0,800 people, destroyed more than 200,000 houses, made millions homeless, relocated 800,000 people, and caused hundreds of billions of dollars in property losses. New Orleans, a famous city in the southeastern United States, is almost devastated, with 80% of the city flooded, with a total area of about 300,000 square kilometers. A series of loss figures made this hurricane known as "the worst disaster in American history".
June 5438+1October 2005 South Asia Earthquake
On June 8, 2005, a strong earthquake measuring 7.6 on the Richter scale occurred in Kashmir controlled by Pakistan, affecting neighboring Afghanistan and Indian-controlled Kashmir. Among them, Pakistan was the most seriously affected, with more than 73,000 people killed, 9,000 missing and 654.38+million injured, including nearly 70,000 seriously injured. The earthquake also caused 600,000 houses and other buildings in Pakistan to collapse, leaving 3.5 million people homeless.
Immediately after the earthquake, the United Nations appealed to the international community to donate US$ 3,654,380.2 million to Pakistan. Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf said that the damage caused by the earthquake in South Asia was as high as $5 billion.
The severe drought in Sichuan in the summer of 2006, from Chongqing, Sichuan to August, was once in 50 years.
Sid Storm in June 5438+065438+1October 2007
In June, 2007, 5438+065438+ 10, Bangladesh was hit by the strong tropical storm "Sid", which caused about 4 100 deaths, more than 8 million people were affected, about1200,000 houses, nearly 10,000 school buildings and/kloc-0.
Sid is one of the strongest storms in Bangladesh 130 years. Its intensity is equivalent to another strong tropical storm of 199 1 year, causing143,000 deaths. Due to the timely warning of the Mongolian government and the timely evacuation of personnel, casualties have been greatly reduced. The international community, including China, has lent a helping hand to help the victims tide over the difficulties.
June 2007 +2007 10 drought in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
It is said that I haven't seen it for 50 years.
On June 5438+ 10, 2008, the snowstorm occurred in nine southern provinces.
On June 5438+ 10, 2008, the warm and humid airflow in the southwest affected most parts of China, while the high-pressure system in the north was stable, and the cold air was continuously transported from Siberia to the south, so the cold and warm air converged in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the south. The density of cold air is relatively high, and warm air will slide upward along the cold air layer, so the rich water vapor carried by warm and humid airflow will condense, forming rain and snow weather. Due to the unusually long-term intersection of cold and warm air in this area, the rainy and snowy weather in southern China lasts for a long time.
In fact, the three rain and snow weather processes in the south are mainly the three strengthening of the warm and humid airflow in the southwest, and three relatively large rain and snow weather processes have appeared accordingly.
On June 65438+ 10/0, 2008, a snowstorm broke out in the south. The severely affected areas are Hunan, Guizhou, Hubei, Jiangxi, northwestern Guangxi, northern Guangdong, western Zhejiang, southern Anhui and southern Henan.
Among them, the third large-scale continuous rain and snow weather process on June 26, 27 and 28, 65438+ 10 was stronger, and combined with the influence of the previous two times, the loss was the most serious.
On May 2, 2008, "Nargis" hit Myanmar hard.
May, 200812 Wenchuan earthquake
Time: May 2008 12, 14: 28: 04.0 latitude: 310 north latitude: 103.4 east longitude depth: 14km magnitude: Richter scale 8.0 maximum intensity:/kloc. Kilometers (267) 48 kilometers northwest of chongzhou city (327) 48 kilometers northwest of Dayi County (346) 75 kilometers northwest of Chengdu (302) Historical background: Wenchuan earthquake is the largest earthquake recorded by the people of China since the founding of the People's Republic of China, directly and seriously affecting an area of 654.38 million square kilometers. Cause of earthquake: Indian Ocean plate subducted into Eurasian plate, resulting in
Autumn drought in 2009
Since September, 2009, the inflow of water in the Yangtze River basin has been obviously less, and there has been a serious drought in Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake.
June 5438+065438+1October 2009: Blizzard in North China
165438+1snowstorm in the north since October 9.
Relatively minor events are:
Severe Typhoon along the Southeast Coast in 2006
In the summer of 2007, large-scale cyanobacteria broke out in Taihu Lake. Lake water is seriously polluted, which affects residents and production water. At this time, funny lyrics that turn "Taihu Beauty" into "Taihu Mildew" are circulating on the Internet. However, the reality is really like this. The flooding of cyanobacteria in Taihu Lake not only pollutes the lake, but also makes fish and shrimp unable to survive. The cyanobacteria incident in Taihu Lake has aroused people's concern about the ecological environment. In order to protect the mother lake of Jiangsu people, people began to work hard to restore the environment of Taihu Lake. Although the blue-green algae has passed, the people of Jiangsu Province have learned from a painful experience and deeply reflected, and put forward the concept of "reshaping the beauty of Taihu Lake" throughout the country, and formulated practical goals and measures. I believe that under the requirements of sustainable development strategy, people will be able to reduce the impact of environmental pollution, build a good ecological civilization, make Taihu Lake beautiful again in front of us, and make Taihu Lake a better tomorrow. (relatively small events)