John brown's raid
On the eve of the American Civil War, blacks and whites jointly launched an anti-slavery uprising in 1859. John brown was named after this uprising.
1800, john brown was born in a white peasant family in Connecticut. His father was an abolitionist, and Brown was influenced by anti-slavery thoughts since childhood. As an adult, he started from humanitarianism and actively participated in the American abolitionist movement. 1856, Brown participated in the armed struggle for the status of a free state in Kansas (that is, the civil war in Kansas), and since then, "Tommy Osawa's Brown" has become famous. From 65438 to 0857, he began to plan an armed uprising with the ultimate goal of liberating slaves in the south. In order to raise funds for the uprising and win the cooperation of black people, especially famous black abolitionists, Brown traveled all over New England many times and received moral and economic support from some abolitionists in the north.
On July 3rd, 1859, Brown and other four people arrived in Harpers Ferry ahead of schedule. This area is steep, which is a safer natural passage to the slavery-ridden areas in the south. It is also home to the federal arsenal and armory. They rented a farm near the ferry to gather troops and store materials. On the night of 10 16, Brown left three people to guard the farm and waited for orders to lead the remaining 18 people (including five blacks) to attack Harpers town. Soon they occupied the armory and armory, took control of the town, arrested the planters in nearby villages and liberated a few slaves. The news of the uprising spread quickly. On June 5, at 438+07, a militia called by the government authorities rushed to the scene of the uprising. Brown and others were surrounded in the fire-fighting tool room near the arsenal. The fighting lasted all day. There are fewer slaves in this area, and most of them are domestic slaves. They didn't respond to the uprising, and Brown didn't leave decisively. That night, Colonel R.E. Lee arrived with a marine corps, and the 18 uprising was brutally suppressed. In the battle, the 10 rebel army died, and seven people including Brown were captured. On February 2, 65438, john brown died heroically, and other prisoners were hanged one after another.
Little rock event
The most serious conflict occurred in Little Rock, the capital of Arkansas (Clinton's hometown). 1957 In the summer, the local education committee accepted the judgment of the federal district court to enforce the Brown case and allowed nine black students to enter Little Rock Central High School. On September 2nd, when school started in the autumn, Orval Faubus, the democratic governor of the state, used the National Guard to block the school and banned black students from entering the school. After the court intervened, Orville retreated to the National Guard on the 20th, leaving some white thugs to make trouble. On 25th, President Eisenhower had to use the US Army Airborne Division 10 1 to "occupy" Little Rock, maintain order and temporarily directly control 10000 State National Guard. Under the protection of heavily armed American soldiers, nine black students were finally admitted to school.
1At the end of September, 1997, "Nine Warriors of Little Rock" reunited in "Central Middle School". Clinton, the 46th president of the United States, who served as the governor of Arkansas in the late 1980s, attended the gathering. He spoke highly of the fearless spirit of the Nine Warriors in breaking through racial barriers. Roger, a professor of history at George Mei Sen University, said that the Little Rock incident was an "important milestone" in the American struggle against racism.