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Hou Liang (907 ~ 923), one of the ten countries in the Five Dynasties, was the first in the Five Dynasties. In 907, Zhu Quanzhong (Zhu Wen), the king of Liang Dynasty, usurped the Tang Dynasty, proclaimed himself emperor, named Liang, and made Kaifeng its capital. The Tang Dynasty officially declared its demise, and the history of China entered a chaotic period of five dynasties and ten countries. Before the founding of the great ancestor Zhu Wen, the Houliang fought for hegemony with the predecessor of the later Tang Dynasty, the State of Jin, and it lasted 17 years. Because the emperor's surname is Zhu, and because it is different from Nanliang in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, it is called Zhu.

Liang, one of the Five Dynasties and Ten Countries. In 907 A.D. (real name Zhu Wen, later renamed), its capital was opened in 19231October19, when Liang Wudi died. In its heyday, the territory was about Shandong and Henan provinces, most of Shaanxi and Hubei, and parts of Hebei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Liaoning. Three masters, a total of seventeen years.

Zhu Wen took part in the Huang Chao Uprising in the late Tang Dynasty, and later rebelled against the Tang Dynasty, and was named Zhu Quanzhong. In the third year of Zhonghe (883), our army was awarded our time as Xuanwu Army. Later, he made great contributions to the suppression of the Huang Chao Uprising.

He was made king of Dongping. Tianfuyuan year (90 1), Liang Wang was blocked. In the first year of God bless (904), Zhu Quanzhong killed prime minister Cui Yin, forced Tang Zhaozong to move the capital to Luoyang, held Tang Zhaozong hostage, and punished hundreds of eunuchs, completely cutting off the eunuchs' power that lasted for more than a hundred years. He was killed soon, and his son was canonized. In the first year of Kaiping (907), Tang Aidi was abolished, proclaimed emperor, and Kaifeng was its capital, with the title of "Girder" and the historical name of "Zhu Liang". At this point, the Tang Dynasty officially declared its demise. As a result, the history of China once again entered the era of warlord melee under the great separatist regime. In June of 9 12, Zhu, the third son of Zhu Wen, killed his father Zhu Wen and proclaimed himself emperor. In February of 9 13, Zhu Wen's fourth son, Zhu Youzhen, killed his brother to stand on his own feet in the name of rebellion and called him Emperor Liang. It was destroyed by the later Tang Dynasty in 923.

Zhu Wen took part in the peasant uprising led by Huang Chao at the end of the Tang Dynasty, and later rebelled against the Tang Dynasty. Zhu Quanzhong was given the name to cooperate with Li Keyong, a noble of Shatuo, to suppress the Huang Chao uprising. After the fall of Huang Chao, the Tang Dynasty had existed in name only, and the parties had formed a fragmented situation. Among them, Xuanwu, Hedong, Li Keyong, Fengxiang, Li, Lu Long, Liu Rengong, Zhenhai, Qian Liu, and the envoys of our time Huainan. History shows that "the county will do good and eventually abolish it."

In the year of Guangfu (90 1), Tang Zhaozong was imprisoned by eunuch Han, and Prime Minister Cui Yin called for help. Han had to attack Fengxiang when Li took refuge in Fengxiang, and Fengxiang was exhausted.

Day after day for three years (903)

Our envoy Li killed more than 70 eunuchs, including Han, made peace and escorted them out of the city. Zhao Zong returned to Chang 'an. Cui Yin accused eunuchs of "establishing Fan Fanzhen and endangering the country; The younger one was selling titles and titles, which made people fail. He quickly killed hundreds of eunuchs, abandoned the army and completely controlled the Tang room.

In the first year of God bless (904), Zhu Quanzhong killed Cui Yin, the prime minister, and forced Zhao Zong to move to Luoyang. In August, for the sake of Tang Aidi, he killed Zhao Zong and made his son Lizhu emperor.

In the second year of God bless (905), at the instigation of Li Zhen, a close friend, Zhu Quanzhong killed more than 30 courtiers, including Prime Minister Pei Shu and Cui Yuan, at Baima Post in Huazhou (now hua county, Henan), and threw their bodies into the river, which is known as the "White Horse Disaster" in history.

history

Zhu Quanzhong was originally General Huang Chao, formerly known as Zhu Wen. After the demise of the Tang Dynasty

Give the name Quan Zhong, as Xuanwu military envoy. According to Bianzhou (now Kaifeng, Henan Province), it gradually became the most powerful buffer region in the late Tang Dynasty and was named King Liang. In the first year of God bless (904), Ye Li of Tang Zhaozong was kidnapped from Chang 'an in Xijing to Luoyang in the east, and was killed in August. Her son, Li Zhu, who was only 13 years old, was made emperor, namely Tang Aidi.

In the fourth year of Tang Dynasty (1, 907), it was renamed Liang, which was called Liang Taizu in history. The territory of the Liang Dynasty was the smallest among the five dynasties in the Central Plains, which only governed Henan and Shandong provinces, most of Shaanxi and Hubei, and some of Hebei, Ningxia, Shanxi, Jiangsu and Anhui provinces.

After Zhu Wen usurped the Tang Dynasty, Li Keyong, Wang Jian of Xichuan Town, Yang W of Huainan Town, Fengxiang Li and other northern towns did not inherit the Liang Dynasty, but still used the names of Tianfu and Tianyou in Tang Dynasty. In the same year (907), Wang Jian, the king of Shu, also proclaimed himself emperor and established the former Shu. At that time, the separatist forces in the south mostly expressed their submission to Liang, so Zhu Wenli made Ma Yin, a separatist regime in Hunan, the king of Chu, Qian Liu, Zhejiang, Wang and Liu Yin, Guangdong, and Fujian, Wang Zhan, the king of Fujian. In 909, Wang Rong, the town of three towns in Hebei Province, was named King of Zhao, Dingzhou as King of Beiping and Youzhou Liu Shouguang as Prince of Yan. Later, Liu Shouguang proclaimed himself emperor, known as Yan Jie in history. Together with the State of Wu in Huainan, the State of Qi in Fengxiang and the State of Jin in Hedong, more than a dozen separatist forces coexist.

contend for hegemony

At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Zhu Wen, the king of Liang, had a feud with Li Keyong, the king of Jin. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, Liang has been fighting with Li Keyong and Li's father and son until the country perished. After the establishment of Liang Dynasty, 80,000 troops were sent to recapture Luzhou occupied by Li Keyong, but the siege lasted for more than half a year. At the beginning of the following year (908), Li Keyong died, and Li Jiwei was the king of Jin, who led the Jin army to clear Luzhou and won a great victory.

Liang Taizu suspected heroes and forced Zhao (now Zhengding, Hebei Province) and King Beiping of Dingzhou (now Hebei Province) to directly control them. In the fourth year of Kaiping (9 10), he fought against Liang, made an alliance with the State of Jin and asked the King of Jin for help. At the beginning of the first year of Ganhua (9 1 1), Li led the Jin army and the urban-rural fringe to attack Baixiang (now Hebei). After a day of fierce fighting, Liang Jun was defeated. 8 jin j pursued 150 miles until xing zhou (now Xingtai, Hebei), and even Kejifu (now Puyang, Henan), Xinxiang (now Henan) and other places. Liang Taizu also personally led the army to Luoyang for fortification. In the battle of white elephants, the main force was damaged and Liang was at a disadvantage.

The following year (9 12), Emperor Taizu of Liang took advantage of Jin's attack on Yan, and personally led the army northward despite illness, claiming to be an army of 500,000. After walking for a day and a night, I arrived (now Shenzhou, Hebei Province) and led 50,000 troops to attack Guo County (now Jingxian County). At that time, the main force of 8 Jin Army attacked Youzhou in the north, and the south was empty. Troops stationed in Zhaozhou (now Zhaoxian County, Hebei Province) harassed Liang Jun with a small number of troops, and sent hundreds of cavalry disguised as Liang Jun to attack Liang Taizu's camp at night, plus Liang Jun soldiers released by 8 Jin Army. After coming back, there was a rumor that Li, the king of Jin, was leading an army to attack. Liang Taizu panicked and burned the camp at night.

civil strife

In the second year of drying (9 12), in May, Liang Taizu retreated to Luoyang and was terminally ill. In June of the same year, he was killed by his third son Zhu. The following year, Gui You was killed by his fourth brother, You Zhen, and he joined the Imperial Army. Youzhen inherited the throne of the late emperor Liang. Civil strife broke out in Hou Liang one after another, and only General Yang led the army against Jin and Zhao in Hebei.

The first year of Zhenming

Zhu Zhen

(9 15) In the spring, after Yang's death, the court of Liang conspired to split Yang's territory in two. Sergeant Weizhou (now northeast of daming county, Hebei Province) rebelled against Jin, and King Li of Jin led Taihang Huangzeling (now southeast of Zuo Quan, Shanxi Province) to attack Dezhou (now Shandong Province) and Aizhou, and was defeated by Lien Chan. In the spring of the following year, Emperor Liang ordered Wang Frank's 30,000-strong army to go north and take Taiyuan in an attempt to attack the Jin base area, but it was defeated by the guarding city army.

In August of the fourth year of Zhenming (9 18), Li, the king of Jin, went south from Weizhou, trying to destroy Liang, and locked horns with him in the area. In late December, the Jin army went to Pi (now southwest of Puyang), followed by He Gui and Liang Jun. The two armies fought fiercely and the cavalry was defeated by the king. They fled to the west and scattered the western troops of 8 Jin Army. Zhou Dewei, a famous gold man, died. Jin generals Li, Wang Jian led cavalry to attack Liang Infantry, and suffered a crushing defeat, with nearly 30,000 casualties. However, the Jin army was also greatly weakened, and the Liang-Jin war was silent for some time.

In the spring of the first year of Lund (92 1), Li, the king of Jin, was killed by his subordinate Zhang when he wanted to be emperor. Zhang colluded with the Khitan. When Jin Jun entered the besieged town, Liang Jun attacked Jin Jun, but was defeated by Jin Jun, killing more than 20,000 people.

Be destroyed

In the third year of Lund (923), Li, king of Jin Dynasty, proclaimed himself emperor, with the title of Tang Dynasty, which was called the later Tang Dynasty in history. In the third year of Liang Long's reign, in the first year of Tongguang in the later Tang Dynasty (923), at the end of April, the later Tang Dynasty captured Zezhou (now Jincheng, Shanxi Province) west of Hou Liang, and sent general Li Siyuan to attack Yunzhou (now Dongping, Shandong Province) with a rate of 5,000 troops, which was occupied the next morning. After Liang Wang served as the viceroy, Duan Ning served as the deputy viceroy, and mobilized 65,438+10,000 soldiers to go north for the later Tang Dynasty. Tang personally led the army and fought hard in (present-day East Afghanistan). After the defeat of Wang, he was captured and beheaded in Zhongdu County (now Wenshang, Shandong Province). June, 65438 +0654381October, 65438+September, 923, Tang Jun arrived at the gate of Kaifeng, Kaifeng immediately descended to the Tang Dynasty, and Liang died. Emperor Liang committed suicide.

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