Analysis of test questions: the topic means that the Qing government has become a puppet and exists in name only. According to historical facts, after Eight-Nation Alliance's war of aggression against China, the Qing government completely became a tool for imperialism to rule China and a "foreigner's court". Therefore, the answer should be D. When treaty of nanking, Beijing Treaty and treaty of shimonoseki were signed, the Qing government had not completely become a tool for imperialism to rule China, so A, B and C were not chosen.

Comments: Students should also know the influence of several other important treaties. After the treaty of nanking was signed, China began to become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. After the signing of treaty of shimonoseki, the great powers began to set up factories, build railways and open banks in China, and the export of goods turned into capital, which further deepened the semi-colonial and semi-feudal degree of China. The Peking Treaty also deepened the semi-colonial and semi-feudal degree of China.