Also known as self-help movement and self-improvement movement. This movement was a "self-improvement" and "seeking wealth" movement launched by the Westernization School in 19 from 1960s to 1990s, which introduced western military equipment, machine production and science and technology to maintain feudal rule. Although this movement ended in failure, it paved the way for the start of China's modernization and was the beginning of China's modernization.

Learning advanced western science and technology to change the backward state of the Qing government was initiated by the Westernization School.

The original purpose. During the Westernization period, studying abroad went through two influential periods: young children studying in the United States and students from Fujian Ship Administration School studying in Europe, that is, 1872- 1875. The Qing government sent four periods of 120 young children studying in the United States; 1877- 1897 four groups of students from Fujian ship administration school went to study in Europe. [ 17]

On August 1872, 1 1, thirty young children sailed from Shanghai to San Francisco, USA, and began their study abroad for fifteen years. In the history of more than 2,000 years in China, the event of "opening a new era" has been hailed as "the achievement of founding a country, unprecedented". [17] 1877 Under the active advocacy of officials such as Shen Baozhen and Li Hongzhang, 33 people selected from the Bureau of Shipping and the School of Shipping Administration embarked on the journey of studying in Europe. 188 1 year, Li Hongzhang advocated that the Maritime Bureau send 10 people to study in Britain, France and Germany. 10 In 886,10 students from Beiyang Navy and other schools went to Europe again. [