The art of China in past dynasties changed with the needs of the times. At first glance, this sounds ridiculous. Not only in ancient China, but all over the world. China's art in various historical periods is mainly painting, especially landscape painting, which has the cultural characteristics and temperament of China.
First, the calligraphy art of "possessed by ghosts". China's calligraphy art is characterized by taking the literal meaning of Chinese characters as the content and writing in a certain font as the form. Express feelings, momentum and artistic conception with free and diverse linear movements and spatial structures.
The development of China's calligraphy art: During the Yin and Shang Dynasties, it was mainly Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jinwen. Xiao Zhuan was founded in the Qin Dynasty. Lishu began in Qin Dynasty and matured in Han and Wei Dynasties. Regular script was formed at the end of Han Dynasty. Running script became popular in Jin Dynasty. The cursive script has brought the freehand brushwork of China's calligraphy into full play.
Li Si, the representative figure of China's calligraphy art, is a famous seal writer in Qin Dynasty. Wang Xizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was especially good at cursive script and running script, and was named "Book Saint".
Tang Dynasty: Ou Yangxun, Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan founded European Style, Yan Style and Liu Style respectively; Weeds in Huai Su and Zhang Xu. Four Great Calligraphers in Northern Song Dynasty: Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang. Yuan Dynasty: Zhao Meng created Zhao Ti.
In the Ming Dynasty, Wen Zhiming and Dong Qichang enjoyed the highest reputation.
Second, there are poems in the painting. Materials and classification of Chinese painting: materials: pen, ink, paper, inkstone, silk, mineral pigments.
Classification: according to different themes, it is divided into figure painting, landscape painting and flower-and-bird painting; In terms of expression techniques, there are differences between meticulous and freehand brushwork, sketching and boneless, coloring and pen and ink. In terms of artistic style, it is divided into meticulous heavy color painting and ink light color painting.
China's literati paintings. Status: It is the main art form of Chinese painting after the Northern Song Dynasty. Style: pursuing lyrical freehand brushwork; Creation: Emphasis on individual expression.
China's landscape paintings. Take natural scenery as the main content. Pay special attention to layout and composition. The soul of landscape painting is artistic conception, and it pays attention to conveying subjective feelings and charm with pictures.
China's character story painting. Works with characters' stories and social customs as themes.
Third, Jin Shengyu Zhen. The development of music in pre-Qin period. From the era of the Yellow Emperor to the Zhou Dynasty, the "music" culture has been quite developed. The "bone flute" unearthed in the early Neolithic tombs in Wuyang, Henan Province has a complete seven-tone series. The pottery urn unearthed from Banpo site can play different pitches according to the rhythm. The bronze chimes unearthed from the tomb of Zeng Houyi in Suixian County, Hubei Province recorded rich ancient music theories.
The development of music from Qin and Han Dynasties to Sui and Tang Dynasties. The new music styles in Qin and Han dynasties include "Harmony Song" and "Three Sounds of Qing Merchants". By the time of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the southern "Shang Qingle" had been formed. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, folk music entered the court and became folk song and dance music, collectively known as Le Yan.
The development of music in ming and qing dynasties. China's traditional opera music flourished. The art of instrumental music is developed, forming solo art categories such as guqin, pipa, Zheng, sanxian, suona, flute and Xiao. Famous songs: "House of Flying Daggers", "Overlord Dismantling Armor" and so on.
Fourth, court dance and folk dance. The development of ancient court dance in China: pre-Qin period: court dance was produced in Xia and Shang dynasties; The ruling class of the Zhou Dynasty formulated the system of rites and music. Yuefu was set up in the Han Dynasty to collect and sort out folk music and dance, which were used for court sacrifices. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the official music and dance institutions concentrated on training professional music and dance artists. Song and Yuan Dynasties: The court team dance inherited the tradition of Sui and Tang Dynasties and made great achievements in art. Ming and Qing dynasties: the court music and dance began to decline.
The development of ancient folk dance in China: characteristics: more magnificent and colorful in form; Reflect the scenes and feelings of joy, anger, love and hate that are closely related to people's production and life. Performance: The Book of Songs and Songs of the South vividly describe the folk dance forms of the Zhou Dynasty. In the Han dynasty, music and dance developed correspondingly in various places, and there was a prosperous situation of singing and dancing. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the music and dance in Xiliang presented the style of "Hu Dance". Sui and Tang Dynasties: The overall feature is the great exchange, fusion and creation of dance art of all ethnic groups; Song Dynasty: Folk dance flourished and folk dance teams were very active.
5. China Opera. The development of traditional Chinese opera from Qin and Han Dynasties to Sui and Tang Dynasties. Music and dance in Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. "Four Sides and Three Music" in Sui Dynasty. Acrobatic songs and dances in Tang Dynasty.
The development of traditional operas in the Song and Yuan Dynasties: In the Song Dynasty, zaju and Nanxi emerged. Yuan Dynasty: Traditional opera music combining echo each other Qupai became the core art form of Yuan Zaju.
The Development of China Opera in Ming and Qing Dynasties: The legendary dramas in Ming Dynasty gradually formed four major tunes: Haiyan, Yuyao, Yiyang and Kunshan. The "Shuimo Opera" of Kunshan Opera became the main theme of the drama stage in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Extended data:
Art originally served the culture of the times, but it still has its own characteristics. This should be divided into time periods. You can take Han as the node, temporarily called pre-Qin. Of course, this is not rigorous. Before the pre-Qin period, there were three things: God, Earth and Ghost. People and ghosts are ancestors. Therefore, the artistic style is simple and mysterious, especially symbolic and weak in humanity. ?
Merchants were mostly ritual vessels, Zhou ritual vessels, bronzes, embroidery, sculpture and pottery, which lasted until the Qin and Han Dynasties. With the change of political structure, the germination of religion, etc. The contents and themes of works of art are biased towards life, and the shapes are still simple and bold, but there are still many objects, such as embroidery, sculpture and casting. And individual consciousness is still lagging behind. One thing has not changed from the pre-Qin dynasty to the Han dynasty, and that is the art of line. Because of the inheritance of characters, we prefer lines and symbols to western scrolls.
The appearance of paper is the premise of the rise of painting in the present sense. The content of art has also increased, the size has changed, the carrier of art has changed, and the content has changed from ghosts to ordinary people, or the theme of the three religions. But it still inherits the plane linear aesthetics of the East. Later, in fact, the essence has not changed, but the content theme or painting methods and techniques have changed, and each era has its own characteristics and emphasis.
Therefore, for more than 3,500 years, our art has laid an aesthetic trend from the appearance of words, and the inheritance of culture has condensed the meaning of expression. However, with the progress of the times and the change of the carrier, the development of art has moved from simple abstraction to exquisiteness, richness, complexity and systematization, and finally to dogmatism. Until today, it has almost disappeared, and the core of traditional cultural spirit has disappeared, which must be art.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Art History of China