Origin and Development of AK47 Assault Rifle

7.62 mm assault rifle AK-47 7.62 mm assault rifle was designed by Kalashnikov, a famous gun designer in the former Soviet Union, commonly known as submachine gun. It took a short time to develop and equip the troops.

During World War II, the former Soviet Union deeply felt that tokarev's CBT-38 semi-automatic rifle lacked firepower, and the 7.62mm bottom-edged bullet could not guarantee reliable automatic shooting. Therefore, the development of new ammunition and its supporting assault rifles became a top priority for the Soviet Union at that time.

Before the end of World War II, N. M. Yerisarov and B.V. Semin developed a 7.62mm intermediate bullet named M43. In order to launch this bomb, many gun designers have designed prototype guns, including simonov, Sudayev, Spagin, burgin, Jay gref and so on. Simonov's sample gun, named CKC 45, is the first rifle to fire a new M43 7.62mm bullet. Sudayev also developed his sample gun in 1944. Kalashnikov developed the sample gun in 1946. After many evaluations and tests, Canovschi beat all his opponents in shooting and was adopted. 1947 finalize the design, 1949 equip the troops. The guards and service personnel of motorized infantry units, air force and navy in the former Soviet Union used wooden or plastic fixed stock, while paratroopers, tank crews and special forces used folding metal stock.

At present, AK-47 assault rifle is the most famous and widely equipped rifle in the world. In addition to the former Soviet Union, it also equipped the former Warsaw Pact countries and many third world countries. At present, the military equipment of more than 30 countries in the world is in use, and some of them have been copied or authorized for production. Israeli galil 7.62 rifle, Finnish Weimeide M 60, M 62 and m82 7.62 mm rifle are all designed with reference to AK-47. Poland's PMK-DGM-60 rifle and the former Yugoslavia's M 64 7.62mm rifle are also imitations. 1956, China also copied AK47 and manufactured the famous Type 56 7.62mm submachine gun, which was equipped in the whole army at that time. This kind of imitation rifle is the longest equipped weapon in our army, and it was not until the early 1980 s that production stopped.

According to incomplete statistics, there are nearly 90 million AK47 assault rifles and their series of rifles developed or imitated in the world. Later, this gun was replaced by its improved AKM7.62mm assault rifle in the late 1950s.

Structure principle and performance characteristics of AK47 assault rifle

Structure and firing principle of 1 and AK-47 firearms

The barrel and shell of the gun are screwed together, and the rifling part is 369mm long, and the barrel is chrome plated. The shooting performance is very good at both high and low temperatures. The shell is machined from forgings. The magazine is made of steel or light metal and can be interchanged in all weather conditions.

The firing mechanism is hammer rotary, and the launching mechanism directly controls the hammer.

The speed machine is located on the right side of the gun. When the reducer is set in the automatic position, the rear protrusion of the iron block is pressed by the lower protrusion of the reducer and cannot rotate, so the hammer cannot be buckled. At this point, the firing resistance iron buckles the hammer and becomes a fired state. After the trigger is pressed, the iron block releases the hammer, and the hammer rotates and fires. After that, as long as the trigger is pulled, the firing resistance and the single-shot resistance can't hold the hammer, and only the bamboo shoots that are not in place can resist the hammer groove. When the frame retracts in place and the transmission rod of the safety stopper is pressed down, the stuck bamboo shoots are separated from the clamping groove of the hammer, and the hammer rotates and emits. Repeat the above actions in the future to realize continuous shooting.

When the reducer is set in the semi-automatic position, before the first bullet is fired, the iron block buckles the hammer and becomes a state to be struck. After the trigger is pressed, the hammer is released and the single-shot iron rotates forward together. If you hold the trigger, the hammer will be overwhelmed by the gun rack and held by the single iron after firing. At this time, because the frame has not been put back in its original position, the transmission rod of the safety block is raised, and there is a gap between the bamboo shoots and the hammer groove. When the frame is put back in its original position, the hammer will be buckled by the single-shot iron. If it is fired again, the trigger must be released first to release the single-shot iron from the hammer, and then the hammer will be buckled by the firing iron and ready to fire again.

If the frame is not repositioned, the locking of the bolt is uncertain. At this time, it is not safe to release the bamboo shoots extending from the frame, so the bamboo shoot retaining iron cannot be separated from the hammer groove. Therefore, even if the trigger is pressed, the hammer cannot rotate forward, thus forming a misplaced safety.

When the handle of the reducer is in the highest position, its lower protrusion abuts against the rear protrusion of the single-shot stopper and the right side of the rear protrusion of the trigger, so the trigger cannot be pulled, and safety is realized. If the hammer is in the position to be struck at this time, and there are bullets in the chamber, the hammer cannot be released because the trigger cannot be pulled, thus forming a rear safety. If the hammer is in the firing position at this time, because the trigger can't be pulled, the stopper can't rotate forward, and the hammer is blocked by the stopper when it falls backward, so the frame can only sit backward for a short distance, and the bullets in the magazine can't be pushed into the chamber, thus forming forward safety.

2. Characteristics and main performance parameters of 2.AK-47

The AK47 assault rifle is reliable in action and in good service. Durable, low failure rate, reliable performance, especially in sand and muddy water; Simple structure and easy decomposition. However, the muzzle jump is serious when shooting repeatedly, which affects the accuracy; Compared with small-caliber rifles, the system has a large mass and is not easy to carry. The gun adopts the principle of pneumatic automation and the rotary locking mechanism of the gun. Its outstanding characteristics are reliable action, small fault, simple weapon operation and fierce firepower when repeated. Here is a small example. During the Vietnam War, many American soldiers still dropped their M 16 rifles and used the captured AK47 assault rifles to deal with the enemy. This shows the power and usefulness of AK47 in actual combat.

Below I list some main parameters of AK47 assault rifle for your reference.

Mouth diameter -7.62 mm

Initial speed -7 10 m/s

Effective range -300 meters

Muzzle kinetic energy-1980J

Theoretical firing rate -600 rounds per minute

Automatic mode-air conduction type

Locking mode-bolt rotation type

Launch mode-single launch, continuous launch

Ammunition supply mode-ammunition depot

Capacity -30 rounds

Total gun length -699 mm

Fixed stock -870 mm

Folding paper-860mm

Open the butt-870 mm.

Gun stock folding-645mm

Barrel length-415mm

Drilling line -4 pieces, right-handed, winding distance is 240 mm

Total mass of gun (excluding magazine)-4.3kg.

Quasi-star cylinder

Accord to that type of u-shaped notch of the door

Later, an improved version of ak74 was made to reduce the weight.

AK-74 was equipped with Soviet troops in the early 1970s and gradually replaced AKM. Its first appearance was in the Red Square parade in Moscow1974165438+1October 7th. Due to the success of M 16, many countries developed small caliber rifles in the 1960s+0960-1970s. The comprehensive performance of small caliber bullets is higher than that of 7.62mm medium-power bullets, so the Soviet Union began to develop new small caliber rifles and weapons. In the1960s, two Soviet bullet designers Viktor Sabanikov and Lidya Blafskoya developed a 5.6× 42mm caliber rifle bullet, and finally developed it into a 5.45× 39mm rifle bullet, which is now called M74. At the same time, Kalashnikov also began to improve AKM in the 1960' s, reducing the caliber to fire small-caliber rifle bullets, and developed some test guns that fired 5.45mm bullets.

At the same time, two designers of Izmash also designed two assault rifles, Al-4 and AL-7, both of which were improved on the basis of AKM. These two rifles adopt a unique rear seat system, which can effectively improve the hit accuracy. However, after comparison, the Soviet army finally decided to adopt the assault rifle developed by Kalashnikov, because 53% of the parts of this new gun have been lengthened with AKM parts, which is the most economical from the perspective of production and dressing training. The model of new gun is AK-74. At the same time, because the 5.45×39mm rifle bullet also started mass production in 1974, it is also called 1974 rifle bullet. The entire AK-74 gun family includes assault rifles, short assault rifles and light machine guns. AK-74 has been used for nearly 30 years and has withstood the actual tests of the wars in Afghanistan and Chechnya. AK-74 has also been equipped with this gun in some countries in Eastern Europe and made some improvements. The armed forces of the United Arab Emirates, Jordan and Syria are also equipped with AK-74.

This is the earliest AK-74, which was developed for mechanized infantry and finalized in 1974. AK-74 is based on AKM, and their principle, locking mechanism and ammunition supply mode are exactly the same as those of firing and launching mechanism. However, in order to launch a small-caliber 5.45mm M74 bomb, the machine gun, bolt machine and air guide hoop were improved accordingly. Among them, the winding distance of barrel rifling is shortened, which makes the warhead rotate at high speed and fly stably. In addition, the diameter of the gun body is also reduced accordingly, so that the weight ratio of the gun rack to the gun is increased to 6∶ 1(AK-47 is 5∶ 1). The advantage of this proportion change is that the rifle automatic machine is more reliable when shooting, but the disadvantage is that the strength requirement of the shell pulling assembly is higher, so the parts with high strength requirements such as the gun rack and shell pulling hook are redesigned. In addition, AK-74 also chrome-plated the gun bore and added an efficient muzzle device, which is the biggest difference in appearance between AK-74 and AKM.

The new muzzle device is cylindrical in shape, fully machined, 8 1mm in length and 25.8mm in diameter, and has a double-chamber structure inside. Two sides of the front cavity are respectively milled with a large square opening, and the back section of the opening is provided with a sawtooth groove; The posterior chamber has three pores with a diameter of 2.5 mm, which are distributed on the upper surface and the right side. According to the principle of gas dynamics, the gunpowder gas ejected from the muzzle is impacted and expanded twice in this muzzle device. When the gas passes through the rear cavity, part of the gas is ejected from the three exhaust holes of the rear cavity to achieve the comprehensive functions of braking and shock absorption; When passing through the front cavity, the groove in the rear end face of the big opening will make the gas flow 25 degrees, so that enough gas will recoil on the front end face of the opening, further reducing the recoil force. In addition, spraying air to the upper right can reduce the jump when shooting at the muzzle, which is also conducive to improving the shooting accuracy. Due to the low recoil of small caliber ammunition and the function of this muzzle device, the accuracy of AK-74' s burst and dispersion is greatly improved. However, although this kind of brake has obvious braking effect, it still has a disadvantage, that is, the muzzle flame will be more obvious, especially when shooting in the dark.

How efficient is this muzzle brake? Let's take a look at this comparative data: the recoil on the stock of AK-74 is 1.42m/kg, while M 16A2 is 2.97m/kg and AKM is 4.3 1m/kg. The effect is very obvious, even untrained people can easily realize automatic shooting, and the dispersion accuracy is higher than other similar firearms, while trained soldiers improve their ability to kill the enemy. However, it should be noted that the single shot accuracy of AK-74 is still relatively low, which is related to the congenital deficiency of AK system.

The magazine is made of molded glass fiber plastic, which is light in weight, simple to manufacture and low in cost. This magazine has high strength, durability, reduced curvature, no protruding ribs and grooves on the side, smooth appearance, but not small mass. The original magazines were orange, and later black and dark brown magazines were produced.

The stock of AK-74 is a wooden fixed stock, and the bottom plate has a black rubber pad, which is more stable and has a buffering effect when shooting at the shoulder. Grooves about 100mm long and 19mm wide are machined on both sides of the blank as identification marks. The stock of AKS-74 is a skeleton-shaped folding stock, which is formed by stamping and spot welding of steel plates and folded to the left. The small handle of AK-74 is molded, and the wooden hand guard is laminated board.

The camera door of AK-74 is still chipped. Kalashnikov thinks that the advantage of notched camera door is fast aiming speed, but the shooting accuracy is still a little worse than that of keyhole camera door popular in the west. Moreover, the problem of gun beating has not been solved, and the shooting accuracy is still lower than that of western guns. But compared with AK-47 and AKM, the accuracy of AK-74 has been greatly improved. According to the experiment of the former East Germany, the hit rate of AK-47 and AKM is 29%, while the hit rate of AK-74 is 40%. A Russian veteran who won the Red Star medal in the Afghan war said that he often used AK-74 at a distance of 450 meters or even 600 meters, and it seems that the practical shooting accuracy has been significantly improved.

Weapons removal and wiping tools are installed in a tubular metal accessory box. For AK-74 and RPK-74, accessory boxes are usually placed in inventory, but AKS-74 and AKS-74U can only be placed separately. The box is equipped with a brush, a ring rod, a punch and a sight/screwdriver (matched with the tubular box). Except AKS-74U, all guns hang a through rod under the barrel, and the through rod of AKS-74U can only be carried alone.

One advantage of small caliber is that it can carry more ammunition without increasing the combat load of soldiers. 120 M43 bullet weighs 4.35 pounds, while 120 M74 bullet weighs only 2.79 pounds. Soldiers can take 67 more bullets of the same weight. The ammunition with a back weight of 10 pound has 274 rounds in M43 and 430 rounds in M74.