The unification of Qin dynasty

One: The King of Qin swept Liuhe: At the end of the Warring States period, the strength of Qin far surpassed that of the six eastern countries, and the time was ripe for reunification. Ying Zheng, king of Qin, made active preparations. From 230 BC to 22 BC1year, Qin destroyed Han, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan and Qi successively.

Two: In 22 1 year BC, Qin unified the world and established the Qin Dynasty, which was the first unified multi-ethnic feudal country in the history of China.

Third, the establishment of the emperor system. In order to show his majesty, the king of Qin combined the most distinguished titles "Huang" and "Emperor" and called himself "the first emperor"

Four. Measures to consolidate national unity in the Qin Dynasty: 1. The establishment of the emperor system. The emperor is in the supreme position and has absolute power, and major state affairs are decided by him. Ministers and officials must absolutely obey the emperor's orders. 2. The central government has a Prime Minister, a Qiu, and a Doctor too much to manage administration, military affairs, and supervision respectively. At the local level, the enfeoffment system was abolished and the county system was fully implemented. Unified measurement, unified currency, the provisions of the square hole "half two" copper coins as the common currency, unified text, with Xiao Zhuan as the national common font. 4 attack the Huns in the north, build the Great Wall and defend the Huns.

Chen Guang Uprising

First, the tyranny of the Qin Dynasty: 1: burning books and burying Confucianism, 2: heavy taxes and corvee military service. 3. Extremely severe punishment.

Two: In 209 BC, Guangwu Shengzai Chen osawa Township (now Suxian County, Anhui Province) revolted, which was the first peasant uprising in the history of China. Soon, Chen Sheng became king and established the Zhang Chu regime.

Third: After the sacrifices of Chen Sheng and Guangwu, Liu Bang and Xiang Yu became powerful. In 207 BC, Xiang Yu led an army to annihilate Qin Jun's main force in the Battle of Julu.

Four: In 207 BC, Liu Bang approached Xianyang, Zi Ying surrendered, and the Qin Dynasty perished.

Five; "Burning books to bury Confucianism" is the concentrated expression of Qin Shihuang's autocratic rule in the field of culture and thought. "Burning books" is Reese's suggestion.

(202 BC), (Liu Bang) proclaimed himself emperor and established the (Han) Dynasty, with its capital in (Chang 'an), which was called (Western Han Dynasty) in history (202-9 BC) and its capital in (Luoyang) (25-220 BC) (Eastern Han Dynasty). After decades of recovery and development, when (Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty) and (Liu Che) were in power, the Han Dynasty entered its heyday. (Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty) reigned for (53) years, that is, (before 140-87). 2. Culturally, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted (Dong Zhongshu)' s suggestion of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone" on the grounds that (Dong Zhongshu thinks that heaven is the master of all things, the emperor is the son of heaven, everything should be unified in heaven, and the country should be unified in the emperor. If all statements are allowed to exist at the same time, it will certainly disturb people's hearts and hinder the realization of "great unity." The measures taken by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to achieve great unification are as follows: ① "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone"; (2) The Imperial College was established in Chang 'an, the capital city, with doctors in charge of teaching and recruiting "disciples". This is an ideological and cultural measure taken by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Politically, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted (Zhu's suggestion) and promulgated ("the decree of extending favors"), aiming at weakening the power of the governors and finally achieving the goal. Economically, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty stipulated that money should be minted by the state, and salt and iron should be monopolized by the state. These measures have greatly strengthened the state's control over the economy and provided strong financial support for the civil and military affairs of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. ) Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty expanded its territory militarily and established ("Four Counties in Hexi") to govern the vast area from now on (Gansu) (Hexi Corridor) to (Yumenguan). Re-establish counties and strengthen the jurisdiction over the vast areas south of Wuling (including Hainan Island). Put the area under the direct rule of the Han Dynasty. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Western Han Dynasty became a vast multi-ethnic empire. "Southwest Yi" in the Western Han Dynasty refers to the minority areas in southern and western Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan.

Zhang Qian knows the Western Regions.

1. The Western Regions in Han Dynasty refer to the vast areas west of (Yumenguan) (now northwest of Dunhuang, Gansu) and (Yangguan) (now southwest of Dunhuang, Gansu) and east of (Congling). The western region in a broad sense also includes a wider area west of (Congling). 2. The reason why Zhang Qian and Da Yue attacked Xiongnu: (In the early Western Han Dynasty, Xiongnu controlled the western regions. Xiongnu Guizhou brutally oppressed and plundered the people of all ethnic groups in the western regions. Tarquin went south from time to time, threatening the safety of Chang 'an, the capital of the Western Han Dynasty. ) The purpose of Zhang Qian's first mission to the Western Regions: (United with the Dayue people to attack the Huns). The reason why Zhang Qian and Ren Yue failed to jointly attack Xiongnu: (At that time, Ren Yue's life had settled down and lived a good life, and he was unwilling to fight Xiongnu in the Far East. ) The purpose of Zhang Qian's second mission to the Western Regions: (contacting Wusun) to deal a heavier blow to the Xiongnu. Zhang Qian's first mission to the Western Regions was (before 138 and back to Chang 'an before 126); Chang Qian's second mission to the Western Regions was (before 1 19, before 1 15, back to Chang 'an). 3. The positive role of Zhang Qian's mission to the Western Regions: Zhang Qian's exchanges with the Western Regions promoted the economic and cultural exchanges between the Han nationality and ethnic minorities, and made great contributions to the opening of the Silk Road. What spirit should we learn from Zhang Qian? Zhang Qian was an outstanding diplomat and explorer in ancient China. We should learn from his fearless spirit of taking risks; Learn from his noble character that he is not afraid to sacrifice his life for the benefit of the motherland; We should learn from his perseverance in spite of difficulties. (4) The reason why the Western Han Dynasty established the Western Region Duhu House: (Strengthening the management of the Western Region), the time when the Western Han Dynasty established the Western Region Duhu House: (60 years ago) Economic and cultural exchanges between the Western Region and the Mainland: (The exquisite silk and iron products in the Mainland, advanced iron making and well drilling technology were introduced to the Western Region. Horses, melons, fruits, vegetables, music, dances and magic from the western regions were introduced to the mainland. ) under what circumstances was the protection of the western regions established? (1) After Zhang Qian made two missions to the Western Regions; B. business travel between the western region and the mainland has increased; The political and military activities of the Western Han Dynasty in the Western Regions were strengthened. The significance of setting up the western regions: (the western regions are officially under the jurisdiction of the central government) the western regions (now the northern and southern regions of Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang) 5. What achievements did Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty make in strengthening the connection between the mainland and Xinjiang today? (Diplomatically, Zhang Qian mainly made two missions to the Western Regions, which strengthened his understanding and exchanges with the Western Regions. ) Summarize and evaluate Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty as a whole. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was one of the most successful emperors in the ancient history of China. Under his rule, the Western Han Dynasty became a huge multi-ethnic empire and the Han Dynasty entered its heyday. )

Foreign exchange in Han dynasty

1, starting from (Chang 'an), passing through the region (Hexi Corridor) and the present (Xinjiang) region, crossing (Qingji) and leading to the important trade routes in (West Asia) and (Europe). On this high road, the main export of the Han Dynasty was silk, so it was called the Silk Road. During the Western Han Dynasty, the "Southern Silk Road" from Chengdu actually took shape. Reasons for its formation: (1) geographical location; B determined by economic, political and cultural status; C is determined by industry characteristics. 2. (North Korea) is a close neighbor of China. In recent decades, a large number of cultural relics of the Han Dynasty have been unearthed in ancient tombs near Pyongyang, including lacquerware made in Shujun. These facts can prove that the economy and culture of the Han Dynasty had an important influence on North Korea. Japan is China's neighbor across the sea, separated only by a strip of water, and China and Japan have a long history. In 57, the Japanese slave countries in the south of the Japanese archipelago sent envoys to Luoyang to "make friends" with the Eastern Han Dynasty. The government of the Eastern Han Dynasty received the ambassador, and (Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty) gave ("King Hannu") a gold seal and a shepherd. In 97 AD, an official of the Eastern Han Dynasty (Ban Chao) in the Western Regions sent his subordinate (Gan Ying) to Daqin (Roman Empire). Gan Ying didn't move forward after arriving in the (Sea of Stripes) (now Persian Gulf), but (learned something about the situation along the way and Europe, and broadened the horizons of Chinese people). (166), a group of Daqin people came to China by sea. This is the first direct contact between China and Europe. Visiting the ancient Silk Road has become one of the golden tourist routes in China. If you were a tour guide on the Silk Road, how would you describe it to tourists? The Silk Road in China spread to foreign countries long ago. After Zhang Qian's mission to the Western Regions, the land trade between China and the outside world has developed greatly. An important commercial route starts from Chang 'an, passes through Hexi Corridor and present Xinjiang, passes through Green Ridge, and leads to West Asia and Europe. On this trade route, China mainly exports silk, so it is called "Silk Road". 5. Briefly describe the friendly exchanges between China and North Korea during the Han Dynasty. (1) During the Han Dynasty, some Koreans came to the Korean peninsula from the sea or across the Yalu River, and they brought advanced production tools and technologies. With the help of middle school craftsmen, the local people mastered the cast iron technology.