The Reform Movement of 1898, also known as the Reform Movement of 1898, the Reform Movement and the Reform Movement, is a bourgeois reform movement represented by Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao in the late Qing Dynasty, which advocated learning from the West, advocating science and culture, reforming politics and education systems, and developing agriculture, industry and commerce through Emperor Guangxu.

The Reform Movement of 1898 was implemented in June 1898+0 1. Its main contents include: reforming government institutions, abolishing redundant staff and appointing reformers; Encourage private enterprises to set up industrial and mining enterprises; Open new schools to attract talents, translate western books and spread new ideas;

Establish newspapers and open their opinions; At the same time, it is stipulated that the imperial examination should abolish stereotyped writing, redundant yamen and useless official positions. However, because the reform harmed the interests of the old school headed by Empress Dowager Cixi, it was strongly resisted and opposed.

1Sept. 2, 8981Empress Dowager Cixi and others launched the coup of the Reform Movement of 1898, Emperor Guangxu was imprisoned, Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao fled to France, Japan respectively, and Tan Sitong and other six gentlemen of the Reform Movement were killed, which lasted 103 days and failed.

The Reform Movement of 1898 was a patriotic reform movement, an important political reform in the modern history of China, and also an enlightenment trend of thought, which promoted ideological emancipation, social progress and ideological and cultural development, and promoted the progress of modern China society.

2. Wuchang Uprising

Wuchang Uprising, also known as the Shouyi of Xinhai and the Shouyi of Wuhan, refers to the mutiny that overthrew the Qing Dynasty in Wuchang, Hubei Province on June 20 1 1 9 (1910), and it was also the beginning of the Revolution of 1911. ?

After the failure of Huanghuagang Uprising, the revolutionaries, mainly literary societies and progressives, decided to turn their targets to the Yangtze River valley and prepare to launch a new armed uprising in the two lakes region with Wuhan as the center.

Through the efforts of revolutionaries, the epoch-making Wuchang Uprising was finally successfully launched in191(the third year of Qing Dynasty), 10 and 10.

The victory of the uprising gradually led to the demise of the Qing Dynasty and the establishment of the first democratic republic in Asia-the Republic of China, which was the beginning of the democratic republic in Asia and China and was a milestone in the history of China.

3. National protection campaign

The movement to protect the country (1915-1916, also known as the movement to protect the country, the war to protect the country, and the Hongxian campaign) was a movement led by Sun Yat-sen against Yuan Shikai's restoration of monarchy after the Revolution of 1911.

The cause of the national protection movement was 19 15. In June, Yuan Shikai announced his acceptance of the imperial system in Beijing, and Southern generals Tang, Cai E and Li Liejun declared their independence in Yunnan and sent troops to beg Yuan.

Yuan Shikai's army was frustrated, and other southern provinces later declared independence. Yuan Shikai announced the abolition of the monarchy under internal and external oppression and died a few months later.

4. May 4th Movement

During World War I, the European powers had no time to look east, and the Japanese took the opportunity to strengthen their aggression against China, which seriously damaged China's sovereignty. Japanese people's anti-Japanese sentiment is increasing day by day. 19 19 The failure of China's diplomacy at the Paris Peace Conference triggered the Great May 4th Movement.

19 19 On May 4th, a patriotic movement, mainly composed of young students, the broad masses, citizens, businessmen and other classes, took place in Beijing through demonstrations, petitions, strikes and violent anti-government, which was also called the May 4th storm.

From the celebration of "Justice over might" in 2008 1 91/to the Paris conference in the following year1,in just two months, China at that time fully explained the law that "weak countries have no diplomacy since ancient times", and the so-called "justice over power" was just a beautiful fairy tale.

Faced with such a humiliating situation, from May 4th, students in Beijing went on strike to organize lectures and publicity, and then students and workers from Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Wuhan and Jinan also expressed their solidarity.

The May 4th Movement directly influenced the birth and development of China, which was generally defined as "anti-imperialist and anti-feudal patriotic movement" in the history of China (note that the word "feudalism" here is a broad feudal concept), and regarded this movement as a watershed between the old democratic revolution and the new democratic revolution.

5. July 7th Incident

1On the night of July 7th, 937, when the Japanese army was exercising near Lugou Bridge in the southwest of Beiping, they asked to enter Wanping County for a search on the pretext that a soldier was "missing", but 29 army, the defender of China, refused. The Japanese army then shot at the defenders of China and shelled the ancient city of Wanping.

The 29th Army rose up against Japan. This is the July 7th Incident that shocked China and foreign countries, also known as the Lugouqiao Incident. The July 7th Incident was the beginning of Japanese imperialism's full-scale war of aggression against China and the starting point of the Chinese nation's full-scale war of resistance.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Reform Movement of 1898

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