The teaching goal of "independent peaceful diplomacy" in the second volume of history in the eighth grade of People's Education Publishing House.
Through this lesson, students can acquire the following basic knowledge: an independent foreign policy of peace; After the founding of New China, the diplomatic attitude of the United States and the Soviet Union towards China; Five principles of peace; Bandung Conference; ? Seeking common ground while reserving differences? Policy; Zhou Enlai's diplomatic activities in the early days of New China.
Through the learning process, guide students to use the four pictures given in the textbook to explain the proactive diplomatic attitude of the new China, the independent peaceful diplomatic thought and Zhou Enlai's demeanor and contribution as a diplomat of the new China. Cultivate students' ability to read pictures and pictures.
Through the study of the situation faced by China in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China and the knowledge of Bandung Conference, students can understand that the establishment of the independent image of new China in the international arena is the result of resolute struggle against the interference and destruction of international imperialism, which shows the extraordinary tolerance of China's * * * production party in putting national interests and national interests first.
By studying the formation process of the Five Principles of Peace, students can understand the process of the new China's diplomacy maturing and the new China's contribution to world peace.
Emphasis and difficulty in teaching
This lesson focuses on the five principles of peace. The founding of New China is the result of the struggle of the Chinese nation for more than one hundred years. It is very necessary for China, which is no longer enslaved by foreign countries, to establish an independent image in the world as soon as possible and ensure an independent peaceful diplomacy. Therefore, the principle of peaceful diplomacy was put forward, which was initially recognized by India and Myanmar, and later recognized by more countries and became the basic norm of international diplomacy.
The difficulty of this lesson lies in the differences of US-Soviet policy towards China at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China and the nature of international relations revealed by the accusations and attacks on China by some countries at the Bandung Conference. Junior high school students have not been exposed to world history, and their understanding of social differences and contradictions is limited. It is difficult to clearly understand the contradiction between the international capitalist system and the socialist system and the nature of American hegemony. So there are some difficulties in teaching and learning.
teaching tool
draw
teaching process
Import:
Photo: The diplomatic situation of old China: inequality, independence and lack of autonomy.
Display theme
New China's independent peace diplomacy.
Theme explanation
Peace: Oppose war, non-violence.
Independence: China does not play American or Soviet cards, and China does not allow others to play China Deng Xiaoping cards.
Inquiry process
First, People's Republic of China (PRC)'s foreign policy in the early days of its founding
1, an independent foreign policy of peace.
1949 till now.
2. Five Principles of Peace
1953 till now.
[Teaching Method] Students read the text and find out the key words that belong to the policy. The teacher asked the start time, suggesting that these two policies have been playing a role until today. Early People's Republic of China (PRC): 1949? 1955.
Second, diplomatic achievements in the early days of the People's Republic of China
1. In the first year of its founding, New China established diplomatic relations with 17 countries, including the Soviet Union.
2. Put forward and practice the Five Principles of Peace.
3. Successfully participated in the Bandung Conference.
[Teaching Method] Students read the text and find out the key words of their grades. Students remember and teachers ask questions.
Third, face difficulties.
American attitude: hostile to China.
American foreign policy towards China: isolation; Performance: blockade and embargo.
Sino-US relations: hostility.
[Teaching method] Students read the text, teachers ask questions and students describe key words.
Analysis of key points and difficulties
I. Five Principles of Peaceful Settlement
1, first proposed: 1953. Zhou Enlai.
2. * * * with advocacy: 1954. China, India, China and Myanmar.
4. Influence: It has a far-reaching influence in the international arena and has been accepted by more and more countries in the world, becoming the basic norm for handling state-to-state relations.
[Teaching Methods] Teachers' learning rules and the guidance of prompt words. Read the text and find the key words. Students remember and teachers ask questions.
Second, the Bandung Conference.
1, time: 1955.
2. Nature: The first Asian-African international conference without colonial countries.
3. Discussion topic: maintaining peace, striving for national independence and developing national economy.
4. Policy: Proposed by Zhou Enlai? Seeking common ground while reserving differences? . The same problem as * * *, maintaining peace, striving for national independence and developing national economy; Different, different, different social systems.
[Teaching Methods] Teachers' learning rules and the guidance of prompt words. Read the text and find the key words. Students remember and teachers ask questions. Teacher analysis? Seeking common ground while reserving differences? .
summary
1949? 1955, foreign policy and achievements of new China. Memorizing and reciting. Question and solve doubts.
Practice consolidation
Summary after class
summary
1949? 1955, foreign policy and achievements of new China. Memorizing and reciting. Question and solve doubts.
[foreign policy]
1, an independent foreign policy of peace.
2. Five Principles of Peace
[diplomatic achievements]
1. In the first year after the establishment of diplomatic relations, New China established diplomatic relations with 17 countries.
2, 1953- 1954, when traveling to India and Myanmar? Five principles of peace? .
From 3.65438 to 0954, I attended the Geneva Conference for the first time as one of the five major countries.
4. 1955 attended the Bandung conference and put forward? Seeking common ground while reserving differences? Policy.
homework
1949? 1955, diplomatic achievements of new China.
1. In the first year of diplomatic relations, New China established diplomatic relations with other countries.
2, 1953- 1954, when traveling to India and Myanmar? .
3. Participate in 1955 and propose? Policy.
Write on the blackboard.
1949? 1955, new China diplomacy.
I. Policies
Second, achievements.
Third, face difficulties.
Teaching objectives of independent peaceful diplomacy teaching design
1, knowledge and skills
(1) Understand and master the foreign policies, principles and achievements in the early days of the founding of New China.
(2) Mastering the Five Principles of Peace, Bandung Conference, and? Seeking common ground while reserving differences? Policy.
(3) Understand the basic historical facts such as Zhou Enlai's diplomatic activities in the early days of the founding of New China.
(4) Cultivate students' ability to read pictures and process information.
(5) Cultivate students' ability to comprehensively analyze historical issues.
2. Process and method
(1) Guide students to compare the old and new China diplomacy.
(2) Implementing teacher-student interaction and group inquiry learning.
3. Emotional attitudes and values
(1) The Five Principles of Understanding Peace indicate the maturity of the new China's foreign policy, which is regarded as the basic norm for handling state-to-state relations and has far-reaching influence in the international arena.
(2) New China's independent foreign policy of peace has won a good external environment for China, and the success of Bandung Conference has won the understanding and respect of Asian and African countries.
(3) Understand the position and role of new China in international affairs, and enhance students' national pride.
Emphasis and difficulty in teaching
[Focus] 1, an independent foreign policy of peace
2, peace * * * put forward five principles.
[Difficult] 1. Correctly analyze the complicated domestic and international situations involved in the independent foreign policy and the foreign policy in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China.
2. A correct understanding of the Five Principles of Peace is the basic criterion for handling state relations.
teaching tool
electronic whiteboard
teaching process
Import:
A short story about Mao Zedong's acceptance of Romanian Ambassador's credentials ceremony.
[teaching new lessons]
I. Five Principles of Peaceful Settlement
1, an independent foreign policy of peace
Teachers guide students to recall the international and domestic environment in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China.
[say]
What kind of diplomatic strategy do you think we should adopt in the face of our international and domestic environment?
[Material analysis]
The principle of China people's foreign policy is to safeguard their independence, freedom and territorial sovereignty, support lasting international cooperation and friendly cooperation among people of all countries, and oppose imperialist aggression and war policies.
(Material 2) On the day when Mao Zedong was founded in New China, it announced to the whole world that our government is the only legal government representing the people of China and the whole China. We are willing to establish diplomatic relations with any foreign government willing to abide by the principles of equality, mutual benefit and mutual respect for territorial sovereignty. ?
From these two materials, we can see what kind of foreign policy we adopted after the founding of New China.
(2) Under this foreign policy, what achievements has China made in diplomacy?
[one-on-one]
Do you know which country first established diplomatic relations with China?
② From 1950 to 65438+ 10/,People's Republic of China (PRC) established formal diplomatic relations with 1 7 countries, which were publicly recognized by 25 countries. Can you name these 17 countries that have formally established diplomatic relations with China?
[Material analysis]
(Information) In modern China, the Qing government, the Beiyang warlord government and the Chiang Kai-shek National Government pursued a foreign policy of humiliating and surrendering to imperialism. According to statistics, in modern times, China signed more than 1000 unequal treaties with French foreign countries, and more than 1000 ports were forced to open, with hundreds of concessions and more than 40 concessions. Compensation for silver was 65.438+0.3 billion taels, and the land ceded by Russia alone actually reached more than 65.438+0.5 million square kilometers. No wonder a foreigner said: China has reached the stage of low national status.
(1) What kind of historical reality does the above materials reflect?
What's the difference between the foreign policies of old China and new China? What are the different consequences?
③ Why is there such a difference?
2. Five Principles of Peace
[one-on-one]
(1) What are the Five Principles of Peace?
② Under what background was it put forward?
(3) Which two students represent two countries respectively, and how many actions can you use to show the main contents of the Five Principles of Peace? (two in each group)
[supplement]
The Origin of Sino-Indian Border Disputes
Second, Zhou Enlai attended the Bandung Conference.
The video "Zhou Enlai Attends Bandung Conference" creates a historical situation.
(thinking)
What is the main purpose of the Bandung Conference?
(2) What difficulties will the China delegation encounter?
What do you think should be done?
④ Hypothesis
A: The delegation of China refuted the accusations made by some countries.
The representative of China ignored the accusations of some countries.
What will happen if you do this?
⑤ How did the China delegation turn the tables?
What is the historical significance of this meeting?
(story meeting)
Students tell a short diplomatic story about Premier Zhou Enlai.
(sketch performance)
Live report of Bandung conference
Interview with Premier Zhou Enlai
(Thinking) This book has 74 pages.
(supplementary information)? In modern times, most countries and people in Asia and Africa have suffered and are still suffering from the disasters and sufferings brought by colonialism. This is acknowledged by all of us. Looking for the same foundation from the pain and disaster of lifting colonialism, we can easily understand and respect each other, sympathize with each other and support each other, instead of mutual suspicion and fear, mutual exclusion and opposition. ?
? Our meeting should be to seek common ground while reserving differences. The meeting should confirm these wishes and demands. This is the main problem among us. ?
? Zhou Enlai's speech at the Asian-African Conference
Summary after class
[Abstract]
(speaking)
1. Today, we learned about China's foreign policy and achievements after the founding of New China. what do you think?
2. Do you know what this is? Bandung spirit? Really? Bandung spirit? Is it still applicable in today's society? (Please give an example)
homework
I. Multiple choice questions
1, in order to promote the complete success of the Bandung Conference, Zhou Enlai's policy is
A. Equality and mutual benefit B. Seeking common ground while reserving differences C. Peace D. Non-interference in each other's internal affairs
2. As can be seen from the role played by the China government delegation at the Bandung Conference,
China's government loves peace, China has become a world power, Zhou Enlai has outstanding diplomatic skills, and imperialist forces are fragile.
A.①② B.①③ C.②③ D.②④
3. With which two countries does China advocate the Five Principles of Peace?
A. Vietnam, Cambodia B. Thailand, India C. India, Myanmar D. Myanmar, Thailand
4. When our government negotiated with the representative of which government, it first put forward the Five Principles of Peace?
A. India b Indonesia c Myanmar d Vietnam
5. Who was the first country to announce the establishment of formal diplomatic relations with People's Republic of China (PRC)?
A. India b Myanmar c Soviet union d United States
6. When was the Bandung Conference held?
1953 b . 1954 c . 1955d . 1956
7. The problems of the Asian-African Conference lie in:
A. This is the first meeting without the participation of colonial countries;
B. * * * discussed international issues and the development of Asian and African countries;
C. Proposed by the delegation of China? Seeking common ground while reserving differences? Policy;
D. Zhou Enlai proposed it for the first time on behalf of the China government? Five principles of peace? ;
8. The following statement about the Five Principles of Peace is true.
A. it was first put forward by the Indian delegation. B. Basic norms for handling relations between the two countries
C. Only applicable to developing countries in Asia and Africa D. Principles of settling ethnic disputes
Second, the material analysis problem
1, read the following materials:
? Mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence? .
Please answer:
(1) What principle is the above usually called?
(2) When was the above principle first put forward? When was this principle initiated and published by which countries?
(3) What is its significance?
2. Read the following materials:
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the drastic changes in Eastern Europe and the disintegration of the Soviet Union accelerated the development of multipolarization. Comrade Deng Xiaoping put forward the strategic policy of China's diplomacy: observe calmly, stick to the position, respond calmly, be flexible, never take the lead, hide its strength, do more work and make a difference. Created a new situation in China's diplomacy.
Please answer:
(1) What is China's foreign policy?
⑵ What should China's foreign policy be in the 21century?
Third, short answer questions:
What are the contents of the Five Basic Principles of Peace?
Four. Activities and surveys
? If you were a representative of China attending the Bandung Conference, how would you prepare your speech in the face of disharmony, suspicion, hostility and slander against China?
Reference answer
I. Multiple choice questions
1、B 2、B 3、C 4、A 5、C 6、C 7、D 8、B
Second, the material analysis problem
1, (1) Five Principles of Peace * * *. (2) 1953; 1June, 954, China, India, Myanmar and other countries jointly initiated the publication. ⑶ These five principles have become the basic principles for handling the relations between countries, and have had a far-reaching impact in the world.
2.( 1) Independent foreign policy of peace (2) 197 1 year, and restore its legal seat in the United Nations; 1972 China and the United States issued a Sino-US joint communique; 1972, establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Japan; Strengthen unity and cooperation with the third world.
Third, short answer questions
Mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence.
Four. Activities and surveys
The answer is in line with equal consultation and seeking common ground while reserving differences? Bandung spirit? Do it. The purpose of this question is to investigate, right? The spirit of Bandung Conference? Understand. The answer is not unique, but it must be considered from the purpose of the meeting and the international environment.