Yuanmou Man: Yuanmou County, Yunnan Province, about 654.38+0.7 million years ago, is the earliest known human being in China.

I already know how to make tools and use fire.

2. Beijingers: Gulong Mountain in Zhoukoudian, Beijing, dating back about 700,000-200,000 years ago, has possessed the basic physical features of human beings (limbs), but still retains some features of apes (heads).

But the division of labor between hands and feet can obviously make and use tools (this is the fundamental difference between people and animals), and forged stone tools (commonly known as "paleolithic tools") can be used.

Food comes from hunting and gathering, lives in caves and uses natural fire (heating, lighting, barbecue food and driving away wild animals).

Will put out the fire and manage the fire.

Beijing ape-man site is the richest ancient human remains and remains in the world.

3. Neanderthals: About 18000 years ago, in the cave at the top of Gulong Mountain in Zhoukoudian, Beijing, the appearance was basically the same as that of modern people. Stone tools are still in use, grinding and drilling techniques have been mastered, and people can make fires and sew animal skin clothes by hand.

Second, the representative of primitive farming culture:

Hemudu Site: About 7,000 years ago, Hemudu Village in Yuyao, Zhejiang Province (representing the Yangtze River valley in the south of the Yangtze River) used ground stone tools (Neolithic tools), thunder and Yan, engaged in primitive agricultural production, planted rice, raised livestock and settled down (dry fence building).

2. Banpo Site: About 6,000 years ago, banpo village, Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province (representing the northern Yellow River basin) widely used grinding stone tools, planted millet, hemp and vegetables, spun hemp and woven fabrics, made painted pottery, and lived in semi-basement houses.

3. Dawenkou site has funerary objects and polarization between the rich and the poor.

Third, ancient legends

1. Two tribes in the Yellow River valley: Huangdi tribe and Yan Di tribe.

The Yellow Emperor defeated Yan Di and formed the Huangyan Alliance, forming the backbone of the Chinese nation. It is the predecessor of the Han nationality, so the Chinese nation respects Yan Di and Huangdi as humanistic ancestors.

2. abdication system: the system in which tribal leaders democratically elect the leaders of tribal alliances.

Yao, Shun and Yu successively served as leaders of tribal alliances.

3. Dayu water control: adopt the method of dredging.

Fourth, Xia Dynasty and Shang Dynasty.

1, Xia Dynasty: Founded by Yu in about 2070 BC, it was the first dynasty in China.

The establishment of Xia Dynasty marked the emergence of China's early state (slavery).

Yu's son succeeded to the throne, and the hereditary system of the throne replaced the abdication system

The last king of Xia Dynasty was Jie (tyrant).

2. Shang Dynasty: In about 1600 BC, the leader of Shang tribe defeated Jie in Mingtiao and established Shang Dynasty.

About BC 1300, King Pan Geng of Shang Dynasty moved the capital to Yin (Anyang, Henan).

Shandong enters the sea, west to the upper reaches of Weishui River, south to the Yangtze River basin and north to Liaohe River.

The last king, Shang and Zhou (tyrant).

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