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1, Qin dynasty

The Qin Dynasty (22 BC1-207 BC) was the first unified dynasty in the history of China, which was developed by the State of Qin during the Warring States Period. Fei Da, the ancestor of the Qin people, is a descendant of Zhuan Xu, the grandson of the Yellow Emperor, and was given the surname of Won. When he was in Qin Mugong, he was a wise man, coachable was modest, destroyed twelve countries, traveled thousands of miles, and became increasingly powerful.

36 1 year ago, Qin Xiaogong succeeded to the throne and reused Shang Yang's two political reforms, which made Qin's economy develop and the combat effectiveness of the army continuously strengthened, and developed into the most prosperous vassal state at the end of the Warring States Period. Qin destroyed Korea, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan and Qi successively, and completed the great cause of reunification.

22 1 years ago, the king of Qin proclaimed himself emperor, which was called "Qin Shihuang" in history. The Qin dynasty set up three officials and nine ministers in the central government to manage state affairs; Partially abolish the enfeoffment system and replace it with the county system; Implement books in the same language, cars in the same track and unified measurement.

Attack the Huns in the north, conquer hundreds of places in the south, build the Great Wall to repel foreign enemies, and dig Lingqu to connect the water system. The establishment of centralization laid the basic pattern of China's political system for more than 2,000 years, and laid the ruling foundation of China's unified dynasty, so it was called "the implementation of Qin politics and law in past dynasties".

The Qin Dynasty ended the 500-year-old warlord regime since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and became the first multi-ethnic centralized country in China's history. This has had a profound impact on the history of China.

Before 2 10, Qin Shihuang died in a sand dune (now northwest of Guangzong County, Hebei Province) during his cruise. His son Hu Hai acceded to the throne as Qin Ershi. Although the Qin dynasty had a great influence in history, it abused the people's power and was unified for only ten years.

In the first 209 years, Chen Sheng and Guangwu cut wood into enemy weapons, rose up and the whole world responded. Liu Bang and Xiang Yu fought against Qin in Jianghuai. Before 207, Qin died.

2. Han dynasty

Han Dynasty (202 -8 years, 25 -220 years) is a unified dynasty after Qin Dynasty, which is mainly divided into Western Han Dynasty and Eastern Han Dynasty. It lasted 29 emperors and enjoyed the country for 405 years.

There was chaos in the world at the end of Qin Dynasty. After Liu Bang overthrew the Qin Dynasty, he was named Hanwang. In 202 BC, after the victory of the Chu-Han dispute, he proclaimed himself emperor and established the Han Dynasty, known as the Western Han Dynasty in history. Its capital is Chang 'an. Emperor Wen of Han and Emperor Jing of Han implemented the national policy of recuperation and created "cultural landscape governance".

After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne, he opened up the Silk Road, expanded his territory and realized the "prosperity of Hanwu"; By the time of Emperor Xuan Di, the national strength reached its peak. In 8 AD, at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang abolished the emperor and made Chang 'an his capital, which was called the New Dynasty in history and the Western Han Dynasty perished.

In AD 25, after Liu Xiu unified the world, he still took Han as his country name, which was called the Eastern Han Dynasty in history. With Luoyang as its capital, after unifying the world, it was called "Guangxu Zhongxing" in history. Emperor Hanming followed the frivolous and thin fu, and created the "rule of Zhang Ming"; After the Han and Emperor succeeded to the throne, they broke the northern Xiongnu and recovered the western regions, creating an "eternal prosperity", and the national strength of the Eastern Han Dynasty reached its peak.

The Yellow Scarf Uprising broke out in A.D. 184, which quelled civil strife but led to local self-respect. After Dong Zhuo's rebellion, the Eastern Han Dynasty existed in name only. In 220 AD, Cao Pi usurped the Han Dynasty, the Eastern Han Dynasty perished, and China entered the Three Kingdoms period.

3. Tang Dynasty

The Tang Dynasty (6 18-907) was a unified Central Plains dynasty after the Sui Dynasty, with a total of 2 1 emperor and enjoyed the country for 289 years.

At the end of the Sui Dynasty, the world was in harmony. In 6 17, Tang Guogong Li Yuan set out for Jinyang and proclaimed himself emperor in Chang 'an the following year. Emperor Taizong advocated the rule of chastity after he ascended the throne. Tang Gaozong inherited the legacy of Zhenguan and initiated the rule of Yonghui. In 690, Wu Zetian took the Tang Dynasty in the Zhou Dynasty and made Luoyang its capital, which was called Wu Zhou in history, creating a situation of running the world and laying the foundation for the emergence of the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

In 705, after the Dragon Revolution, Tang Zhongzong restored the title of the Tang Dynasty. After Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ascended the throne, he created a prosperous new century in which all ethnic groups came to Korea. At the end of Tianbao, the national population reached about 80 million.

After the Anshi Rebellion, the vassal regime became independent, and the eunuchs were authoritarian, which led to the gradual decline of national strength; In the middle and late period, the trend of developing Jingyuan, Huichang and Dazhong was gradually strengthened. In 878, Huang Chao destroyed the ruling foundation of the Tang Dynasty. In 907, Zhu Wen usurped the throne, the Tang Dynasty perished, and China entered the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.

Baidu encyclopedia-Chinese historical dynasties