The period from August 24th 1922 to 199 1 is called the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

1991August 24 to present Russian Soviet federal Republic.

Russian history began with Eastern Slavs, followed by Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians. ?

In the 6th century, Eastern Slavs gradually migrated to Europe and other parts of Russia.

In 862, the Valencia led by Ulrik conquered the Eastern Slavs and established the Ulrik dynasty.

In 882, Kiev Ross was founded.

/kloc-split into several independent principalities in the 0/2nd century.

1237, the Mongolian army occupied and established the Chincha khanate.

Moscow Grand Duke of Moscow was founded in 1 147, with Vladimir Grand Duke Yuri Dolgoruki as its founder. In the square in front of the Moscow city government in the middle of Tver Street in the center of Moscow, there has always been a memorial statue of him. He wears a helmet and armor, holds a shield in his left hand and straddles a horse.

1547, Ivan IV, the Grand Duke of Moscow, was crowned czar and built the Kremlin. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually developed into the political, economic, cultural and religious center of Russia in the northeast of China, leading other vassal countries to get rid of the rule of Mongolian Tatars and making Russia an independent country.

1605, Godunov died suddenly, and the Russian world was in chaos and entered a "chaotic era". It was not until Minen and Bo Zalsky of Nizhny Novgorod led the militia to drive the Polish invaders out of Moscow that this turbulent period finally ended.

16 13, the nobles elected Mikhail romanov, a relative of Ivan iv, 16 as the new czar, and established the Romanov dynasty. This dynasty experienced the rule of 18 czars, and the last czar Nicholas II was overthrown in the Russian February Revolution in 19 17.

Russian Empire,17th century, many European countries developed rapidly, but Russian serfdom still prevailed. In order to emulate the West, Peter I sent a mission to Western Europe in 1697, and he also visited with the delegation under a pseudonym. After returning to China, a series of reforms, known as the Peter I Reform, were implemented, which improved Russia's political, military, economic, scientific and cultural strength. 172 1 year, Peter I declared Russia an empire. During the period of Catherine II, the territory expanded unprecedentedly, which was called "the golden age of empire".

The interim government, after the bourgeois revolution in February, was controlled by kerensky and other social revolutionaries and constitutional Democrats to form the Russian interim government. The government was attacked by the royalists who supported the czar and the * * * who supported Lenin and Leon Trotsky, and the government adopted a severe repression policy against both opposition forces. During the government's rule, administrative corruption, economic collapse, and participation in the imperialist World War I made it unpopular. Finally, in 19 17 10, kerensky fled abroad, and some of them were arrested or fled. After the Russian civil war, the Bolsheviks gained political power, which shows that the people's political power is democratic and free.

During the Soviet period1917165438+17, the Petrograd armed uprising won, and the Russian Bolsheviks led by Lenin established the first regime in the world in which the working people were masters of their own affairs. After the victory of the October Revolution, Russia withdrew from the First World War .. Half a year after the October Revolution, on the one hand, the Soviet regime was established throughout the country. On the other hand, the Peace Treaty of Brest was signed to compromise with Germany and defend the Soviet regime. However, the imperialist countries launched joint armed intervention and supported Colta, Denikin, Yudenich and other White Guards to launch armed rebellion. Soviet Russia carried out the wartime communist policy, and under the strong leadership of the Bolshevik Party with Lenin at the core, the Red Army won heroically. In order to strengthen the unity of the people of all ethnic groups and build socialism, the Russian Federation, the Transcaucasian Federation, Ukraine and Belarus established the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics at the end of 1922. Referred to as "Soviet Union". From 1928 to 1937, the Soviet Union successfully completed the first and second five-year plans, focusing on the development of heavy industry and national defense industry. The Soviet Union established an independent and complete national economic system and realized socialist industrialization. The Soviet Union has changed from a backward agricultural country to a powerful industrial country.

1953, Stalin died. After Khrushchev came to power, he implemented reforms. Mainly aimed at the disadvantages of Stalin's era, some political and economic reforms were carried out.

From 65438 to 0964, Khrushchev stepped down. Reform in Brezhnev period: Brezhnev continued to reform from the mid-1960s. By the mid-1970s, the comprehensive national strength of the Soviet Union, especially its military strength, reached its peak, the gap between the Soviet Union and the United States narrowed, and the Soviet Union and the United States competed for world hegemony.

However, after the mid-1970s, the reform stagnated, the economic development gradually slowed down, and the contradictions in the political, social and economic aspects of the Soviet Union gradually accumulated, which laid a hidden danger for the drastic changes and disintegration of the Soviet Union in the future. Although andropov wanted to save the Soviet Union, he died soon after he came to power. Chernenko finally achieved nothing.

. 1985 after Gorbachev came to power, in view of the stagnant situation of the Soviet economy, economic reform was the first priority, but it did not achieve results.

In the late 1980 s, the social economy of the Soviet Union fell into a comprehensive crisis, and people's living standards declined. Later, Gorbachev turned the focus of reform to politics. Because the political reform deviated from the direction of scientific socialism, he gave up the leadership of Marxism-Leninism, weakened the leadership of the Party, let the western trend of liberalization flood, and denied the emphasis on "democratization" and "openness" in the history of CPSU, resulting in confusion of people's thoughts and weak decentralization of state power. In the late 1980s, the reform of the Soviet Union was a complete failure.

199 1 After the "August 19th" incident, Gorbachev lost the ability to lead the country, Yeltsin took control of Russia, the nature of the country was changed after the disintegration of CPSU, and the division of the Soviet Union was further intensified. CIS was founded in1991; 199 1 year 65438+February 25th, the Soviet Union disintegrated.

After the war, the United States and the Soviet Union competed for hegemony for more than 30 years; From the mid-1950s to the early 1960s, it was the first stage of the US-Soviet hegemony. The Cuban missile crisis of 1962 shows the advantages and upper hand of the United States at this hegemonic stage. In the 1970s, the US-Soviet hegemony reached its climax. In the 1980s, the Soviet Union's economy was stagnant and its national strength was weak. The United States is also facing challenges from Western Europe and Japan, and the development of both countries has been affected. Therefore, the two sides eased the disintegration of the Soviet Union at 19 199 1, marking the end of the bipolar pattern of the United States and the Soviet Union for half a century. The cold war was unpopular, so as a punishment, both countries were greatly affected.

1991On August 24th, the Russian Soviet Federal Republic declared its independence and became the Russian Federation. Since then, although the Russian Federation has maintained its status as a big country, it has always faced economic difficulties, and Russia still has a long way to go to realize its dream of becoming a big country.

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