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Overview of California Gold Rush
The gold rush began at Sartre's Mill near Koroma. [3] On1848 65438+1October 24th, James? W Marshall, the foreman of Sacramento pioneer John? Sartre, luminous metal fragments were found in the tail water of Marshall's lumber mill, which was Sartre's building, along the American River. [4] Marshall quietly brought his discovery of Sartre, and two of them privately tested the research results. Experiments prove that Marshall particles are gold. Sartre was frustrated by this. He wanted to keep a secret because he was worried about what would happen to his agricultural empire plan if many people were looking for gold at the same time. [5] However, the rumor soon began to spread and was confirmed by Samuel brannan, a newspaper publisher and businessman in San Francisco, on March 1848. The most famous market in California's gold rush is brannan; After he opened a shop selling gold in a hurry to investigate the supply situation, [6] brannan strode through the streets of San Francisco, holding a small bottle of gold at a height and shouting "Gold! Gold! The gold of the American River! " [ 7 ]

August 1848, 19, new york Courier is the first major newspaper on the east coast to report the gold rush in California; On February 5th, 65438, President james polk confirmed the discovery of gold in his speech to Congress. [8] Soon, the wave of immigrants swept the world, and later they were called "forty-nine people", invading California or "the mother country of mineral deposits and gold". Sartre was destroyed by fear; His workers left to look for gold, and the crouching man invaded his land and stole his crops and cattle. [ 9 ]

Before we started in a hurry, San Francisco was a small settlement. When residents learned this, it became a ghost town, and the owners initially joined the abandoned ships and enterprises in the gold rush [10], but on the other hand, when businessmen and new people arrived, it flourished. The population of San Francisco surged from about 1 0,000 [11]1848 to 25,000 full-time residents before 1850. With the emergence of many new towns, people suddenly gather, which puts pressure on the infrastructure of San Francisco and other towns near gold mines. People live in tents, wooden houses or cabins with decks removed from abandoned ships. [ 13 ]

porcelain

In what does the first international gold rush mean [14], there is no easy way to California; Forty-nine people face difficulties and often die on the road. At first, most gold diggers, also known as gold diggers, traveled by sea. From the east coast, it takes five to eight months to sail to a corner near South America, [15] and will include about18,000 nautical miles (33,000 kilometers). Choose to sail to the Atlantic side of Panama Isthmus, take a canoe and mule through the dense forest for a week, and then sail to San Francisco by boat on the peaceful side. [16] There is also a route from Veracruz through Mexico. In the end, most gold prospectors chose the land route through the United States, especially along the California road. [17] Each of these routes has its fatal dangers, ranging from shipwrecks to intestinal fever and cholera. [ 18 ]

In order to adapt to the arrival, this ship needs to bear the goods from all over the world, porcelain and silk from China, and strong ale from Scotland-constantly pouring into San Francisco. [19] After arriving in San Francisco, the captain found that their crew had left for Jintian. When hundreds of ships were abandoned, the docks and docks in San Francisco became a sail forest. The enterprising Franciscans turned abandoned ships into warehouses, shops, bars, hotels and prisons. [20] Many of these ships were destroyed and later used to build landfills in emerging cities.

The attack was solved by local Americans against the miners.

Within a few years, some important but little-known oil prospectors flooded into Northern California, especially the contemporary Siskoyo, Shasta and Trinity counties. [2 1] With regard to the discovery of gold nuggets, the contemporary Yreka site has brought tens of thousands of gold seekers' footprints in the process of 185 1 [22] and Northern County, California. [23] The solutions of the gold rush era, such as the Portuguese cabin deck on the Mando River in sagar, bounced back and re-existed, and then disappeared. Weaverville Gold Rush Town on Trinity River now retains the oldest continuous semi-new Taoist temple in California, which is the legacy of miners coming to China. When there were not many ghost towns during the gold rush, the well-preserved relic of Shasta, a once prosperous town, was the California State Historical Park in Northern California. [ 24 ]

Gold has also been found in southern California, but on a smaller scale. The first discovery of gold was on the pasture, San Francisco was in the northern part of the contemporary Los Angeles Mountains, 1842, six years earlier than Machel's discovery, when California was a silent part of Mexico. [25] However, these first savings and the latest discoveries in the mountains of southern California have attracted little attention and brought little economic benefits. [ 25 ]

Before 1850, most of the easily available gold was collected, and attention turned to extracting gold from more difficult places. Faced with the increasingly difficult to retrieve gold, Americans began to expel the easiest gold that foreigners could keep. The National Assembly of New California passed a monthly tax of $20 on foreign miners, and American oil explorers began to attack foreign miners, special Latin Americans and Chinese-speaking organizations. In addition, a large number of new immigrants have driven local Americans out of their traditional hunting, fishing and food gathering areas. In order to protect their homes and livelihoods, some local Americans responded by attacking miners. This provoked a counterattack from the local village. Local Americans, who shoot, are often slaughtered. [27] Those who escaped from the Holocaust were often unable to survive because they could not enter the areas where their food gathered. They starved to death. Novelist and poet Joaquin? Miller captured this attack vividly, working in his semi-autobiographical life and living in Modocs. [ 28 ]

The first batch of people rushed to the gold field, which began in the spring of 1848. They are residents of California, mainly Americans and Europeans living in northern California, as well as local Americans and Californians (Spanish-speaking Californians). [ 29 ]

The word gold rush spread slowly at first. The earliest gold prospectors arrived in California during 1848, or they heard the news from the fastest ship from California. The first Americans followed in Siskoyo's footsteps and consisted of thousands of Oregonians. [30] Secondly, like Chile, [people from Hawaii came by boat, and thousands of Latin Americans, including people from Mexico and Peru, as far as 3 1] have both transportation and land transportation. [32] By the end of 1848, about 6,000 gold prospectors had come to California. [32] Only a small number of people (perhaps less than 500 people) came by land from the United States. [32] These "forty-eight people", because these earliest gold prospectors also told them that sometimes they can collect a lot of easily available gold, which is worth tens of thousands of dollars in some cases. [33 ][ 34] The value of gold discovered by ordinary oil prospectors is ten to fifteen times the daily wage of an immigrant worker on the east coast. People can work in a gold mine for six months and find that six years' salary is equivalent to home. [ 35 ]

From the early 1849, the word gold rush spread all over the world, and a large number of gold miners and businessmen began to reach almost every continent. The largest group, 49 people, was an American in 1849, and thousands of people arrived across the mainland by land and various navigation routes [36] (the name "49 people" was obtained from 1849). Australians [37] and New Zealanders picked up news from ships and carried Hawaiian newspapers. Thousands of people caught the "gold rush" and boarded ships bound for California. [38]49% people come from Latin America, especially from the Mexican mining areas near Sonora. [38] Gold diggers and merchants came from Asia, mainly from China, starting from 1849 [39]. At first, the name "Jinshan" was given to California in Chinese. The first batch of immigrants from Europe traveled from the revolution of 1848 to further distances, starting from some Germans, Italians and Britons and arriving at the end of 1849, mainly from France [40]. [ 36 ]

It is estimated that about 90,000 people arrived by land, and half arrived by boat from California 1849. [4 1] Maybe 50,000 to 60,000 of these are Americans, and the rest are from other countries. [36] Before 1855, it was estimated that at least 300,000 gold prospectors, businessmen and other immigrants from all over the world came to California. The largest group is still Americans, but there are also thousands of Mexicans, China, British, French and Latin Americans, as well as many smaller groups of miners, such as Filipinos, Basques and Turks. [46] A common African ancestor (probably less than 4,000) miner [47] comes from the southern states, [48] the Caribbean and Brazil. [ 49 ]