Yunnan Province and Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Sihui Province have been inhabited by ethnic minorities since ancient times. In the early Tang Dynasty, the Wuman and Baiman ethnic minorities under the rule of Gui were distributed in the eastern part of Yunnan today. Cuan clan is divided into east and west groups. The ethnic groups in Donggui area are mainly barbarians, so they are called "barbarians in Donggui". The ethnic groups in the West Cuan area are mainly white barbarians, so they are called "West Cuan White Barbarians". Now living around Erhai Lake are the Hull people in the east and the Hull people in the west (also belonging to the Bai nationality). Today, the Jinsha River area north of Yanbian County, Sichuan Province is a "land of looseness". In the Jinsha River valley in the northwest, in order to grind some barbarians (also a branch of Wuman). To the west of Lancang River, it is to look good, to look good. There are barbarians such as Jinya and Qiya in the west of Nujiang River, collectively known as Xunsa barbarians. From the west of Kumen Ridge to the India-Myanmar border, it is naked barbarism. During the years of Wude and Zhenguan, these ethnic minorities surrendered one after another. In the Tang dynasty, many counties were set up here, and local tribal leaders were appointed as secretariat and county magistrate. In the third year of Yonghui (AD 652), the governor of Langzhou was abolished, and the governor of Rongzhou (now Yibin City, Sichuan Province) and the governor of Yaozhou (now Yao 'an, Yunnan Province) were established to manage the eastern and western regions of Yunnan Province respectively.
At this time, Uman, who lived around Herman, gradually migrated to Erhai Lake area and was divided into six tribes. The leaders successively called themselves "imperial edicts" (that is, the meaning of "king" in Uman language) and collectively called "six imperial edicts", that is, the imperial edicts of Meng She, Meng Song, Yue Yan, Lang Qiong, and Shi. Among the six imperial edicts, Meng He imperial edict is located at the southernmost tip, so it is called "Nanzhao".
At first, the six imperial edicts were similar in strength and did not belong to each other. Later, Nanzhao grew stronger with the support of the Tang Dynasty, while the other five imperial edicts declined. In Kaiyuan, Nanzhao Piluoge defeated Dong 'erhe Man, and took his land as Hedong County (now Fengyi County). Because of our time, Wang Yu, Bo, asked to play the expansion and let it combine into a six-letter letter. At that time, Tubo was powerful and its influence extended to Erhai Lake area. In order to contain Tubo, the Tang Dynasty actively supported Nanzhao and fully agreed with Nanzhao's request. In the twenty-sixth year (AD 738), Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty gave Piluoge the name of "Mongolian Guiyi" and conferred the title of King of Yunnan. In the second year, in order to effectively control the newly annexed territory, Pirog moved the capital to Taihe City (now Nantaihe Village, Dali, Yunnan).
In the early days of Tianbao, Nanzhao gradually extended to two regions. After Pirog's death, Zigeluofeng succeeded to the throne. In the ninth year of Tianbao (AD 750), he visited the viceroy and passed through Yunnan County (Zhiyaozhou City). Zhang Qiantuo, the satrap, showed no courtesy to him and demanded property. After Ge Luofeng refused, Qian Tuo falsely accused Ge Luofeng of rebellion. Ge Luofeng was angry, so he rose up and attacked Yaozhou City, killed Qian Duo and occupied Yaozhou and its 32 captive states. Ten years (AD 75 1 year), Jiannan appointed a special envoy to fight Nanzhao with 80,000 troops. Ge Luofeng sent an envoy to apologize, saying that he would repair Yaozhou City and return the captured men and women and the looted property. Zhongtong refused to stop fighting, detained envoys, and led troops westward to Baiya City (now northwest of Midu County, Yunnan Province). Nanzhao was defeated and more than 80,000 people died. The following year, Nanzhao was forced to belong to Tubo. Tubo Zampa (King) named Ge Luofeng "Zan Pabel" (King's younger brother) and named him "East Emperor". Ge Luofeng erected a monument in Taihe City and told the story of his resistance to the Tang Dynasty. He also said to the ministers: "My lifelong ministers all served in the Tang Dynasty and were often rewarded. Later generations promised to return to the Tang Dynasty, so we should show this monument to the Tang envoys. " In the 12th year of Jian 'an (AD 753), after Jian 'an stayed behind, he led a hundred thousand troops to crusade against Nanzhao and entered Taihe City. As a result, the whole army was wiped out and Mina Lee was captured. Since then, these two areas have also been occupied by Nanzhao.
In the first year of Zhide (AD 756), Nanzhao and Tu Tu joined forces to capture the Tongjun of Tang Dynasty (the old city is west of Huili, Sichuan) and Fuzhou, and reached Qingxiguan (north of Xiaoxiangling, northwest of Ganluo County, Sichuan). He also dispatched soldiers to destroy the remnants of the imperial edict that moved to Shuangshe (now Yanbian County, Sichuan Province, and Huaping County, Yunnan Province), and went west to find foreigners, but the barbarians closed without fighting. So Nanzhao's northern territory extends to the counties of Miyi, Yanbian and Huaping in Yunnan today (the north of Qingxiguan was occupied by Tubo), and the west reaches the India-Myanmar border today.
In the 14th year of Dali (AD 779), Ge Luofeng died and his grandson Yimou succeeded him. In October this year, Nanzhao and Tubo joined forces with 200,000 soldiers to attack the Chengdu Plain in three ways. Defeated by Tang Jun, the Tubo Nanzhao Army lost 890,000 people. Yi Mouxun was afraid and built Bacheng, Yang Yang (now Dali, Yunnan) and moved the capital here.
After that, Tubo Zampa changed the title of Yi Mouxun to King Nitto, regarded Nanzhao as a vassal country, and imposed heavy taxes. And build castles in dangerous places in Nanzhao to send troops to help prevent them; When Tubo attacks Xichuan, Nanzhao soldiers are often in front. This made Nanzhao miserable. Zheng Hui, the official (prime minister) of Qingping, advocated propriety and righteousness in the Tang Dynasty, treated Nanzhao well, did not levy taxes, and advised Righteousness to abandon Tubo and return to the Tang Dynasty.
In the first year of Zhenyuan (AD 785), Wei Gao was appointed as our ambassador to the house. While rearming, he sent people to complain to overseas ethnic minority leaders and sent letters to persuade them to return to Tang Dynasty. Nanzhao took Nanzhao's son as a hostage to prevent Nanzhao from returning to the Tang Dynasty, and Nanzhao hated it even more. Under the vigorous promotion of Zheng Hui, Yimou returned to the Tang Dynasty, leaving his son pavilion to persuade the Qing people and Cui Zuoshi to behead the Tubo emissary in the temple in Diancang Mountain, "to go to Tubo and give its golden seal". Then, Yimou Xun sent troops to attack Tubo, breached Shenchuan (the headquarters of Tubo Shenchuan, near Tieqiao City), captured Tieqiao (now on the Jinsha River northwest of Judian, Weixi County, Yunnan Province) and other 16 cities and castles, captured five kings, and reduced the population to more than 100,000. Send envoys to the Tang Dynasty to win a tribute, and please re-sign Nanzhao. So the Tang Dynasty also left Yuanzi in Nanzhao, conferred Yi Mouxun as Nanzhao King, and gave him a silver seal and a gold seal. Since then, Nanzhao has been paying tribute to the Tang Dynasty.
After Nanzhao returned to the Tang Dynasty, with the help of the Tang Dynasty, it became increasingly powerful militarily. From the 15th year to the 18th year of Zhenyuan (799 -802 AD), Nanzhao and the Tang Dynasty joined forces to defeat Tubo and captured many prisoners, and Tubo became weak. Tang did not send more troops to Nanzhao, and Nanzhao became a powerful country in the southwest.
Nanzhao is a typical slave country. However, in the official system, military system and local administrative divisions, almost all follow the practice of the Tang Dynasty. In order to effectively rule this vast multi-ethnic area, the whole territory is divided into 18 first-level administrative regions, including six governments, two States and ten inspections.
In the 13th year of Dazhong (AD 859), Qianlong succeeded to the throne. The Tang Dynasty failed to chase him in time. He claimed to be the emperor, changed his name to "Ci" and invaded Bozhou (now Zunyi, Guizhou). Soon, the general Duan Zongbang staged a coup and killed the Regent, and power was transferred to Duan. After that, it invaded inland counties for many times, until Tang Xizong gave up Gao Pian as our time, and Nanzhao Army reached the south of Dadu River.
Two years later (AD 902), the powerful minister Zheng Maisi (the seventh grandson of Han nationality) staged a coup, destroyed Montessori, changed the country name to "Dahe River", and Nanzhao perished.
Zheng Maisi was introduced by Sun Zhenglong, and was destroyed by Yang Ganzhen in the third year of the later Tang Dynasty (AD 928). Change the name of the country to "Da Tian Xing", also known as "Xing Yuan Guo". The following year, he abandoned good governance and became a self-reliant government, with the political title of "Daying". In the second year of Tianfu at the end of Jin Dynasty (AD 937), it was destroyed by Duan Siping, our ambassador to the sea. Yang, Zhao and Duan are the most commonly used names of Herman. Since Yang's time, the regime has been transferred to He Man's hand.
Duan Siping destroyed Yang, and in the third year of Tianfu (AD 938), he proclaimed himself emperor and changed his country name to "Dali". Dali's territory was similar to Nanzhao in the early days, which was equivalent to Yunnan Province and Southwest Sichuan. The section is divided into eight States, four counties and thirty-seven departments. However, the power of the central government is actually limited to the western Yunnan region centered on Erhai Lake. Its national strength is far weaker than Nanzhao, so the war of foreign plunder is greatly reduced. In the third year of Gande in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 965), after pacifying Shu, he requested to attack Dali. In view of the gains and losses of the past dynasties and the need to concentrate on stabilizing the mainland, Song Taizu took the Dadu River as the boundary and was not allowed to travel south, so Yunnan was separated from the Central Plains for nearly 300 years.
Duan Siping passed to Duan Lianyi, and in ten years (AD 1077), Minister Yang usurped the throne and became the Emperor of Guang 'an. In the third year of Yuanfeng (A.D. 1080), Gao Shengtai rose to the top, Yang was destroyed, and Duan Shouhui was a puppet. In Shao Shengyuan (AD 1094), Duan Shouhui gave way to Gao Shengtai. Shengtai changed its name to "Greater China". The following year, Shengtai died, and his son Gao Taiming gave way to Duan, changing his country name to, and his power was still among the masters who were called "the master of the high country" by Chinese people. When foreigners come to do business, they must first see this country. At that time, thirty-seven departments in Dianchi Lake were independent, and they often fought against later countries, mainly against Gao's dictatorship.
The Song Dynasty inherited the policies of the Five Dynasties and held a negative attitude towards Dali. In order to consolidate its dominant position and develop its economy and culture, the Dali ruling group increasingly felt the need to restore its political ties and economic and cultural exchanges with the Central Plains Dynasty. In the ninth year of Zhao Ning (AD 1076), he sent envoys to pay tribute to the Northern Song Dynasty. Due to the negative attitude of the Song Dynasty, he never paid tribute again. In the third year of Zheng He (A.D.113), he asked for tribute again. In the sixth year (AD 1 1 16), Li was sent to Kaifeng to pay tribute to horses and musk, and Duan He was crowned King of Dali in the Song Dynasty. In the third year of Shaoxing (A.D. 1 133), Dali sent envoys to Guangxi, demanding to pay tribute and sell horses to the Southern Song Dynasty, but Song Gaozong refused to pay tribute. In the sixth year (A.D. 1 136), he sent envoys from Guangxi to pay tribute to horses and was received by Emperor Gaozong. In the ninth year of Dadao (A.D. 1 173), Dali sent Li Guanyin to Yongzhou to discuss trade and exchange horses for handicrafts, daily necessities, medicines and books. Since then, the trade and cultural exchanges between Dali and the Southern Song Dynasty have become increasingly frequent. The poems written by Dali elites are similar to those written by Han intellectuals.
In the later period of Dali, due to the separatist regime and the independence of minority leaders, the territory was shrinking and the national strength was getting weaker and weaker. In A.D. 1253, Yuan Jun entered Dali, Duan Xingzhi surrendered without fighting, and Dali died.