(A) the origin of China CPA audit

The history of CPA audit in China is much shorter than that in western countries. The audit of certified public accountants in old China began after the Revolution of 1911. At that time, a group of patriotic accounting scholars, in view of the fact that foreign certified public accountants took over the CPA business in China, actively advocated the establishment of a CPA profession in China in order to safeguard national interests and dignity. 19 18 In September, the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce of Beiyang Government promulgated the first regulations on certified public accountants in China-the provisional articles of association of accountants. In the same year, Mr. Xie Lin, a famous accountant, was approved as the first certified public accountant in China, and the first accounting firm in China founded by Mr. Xie Lin was also approved to be established. Since then, a number of certified public accountants have been gradually approved and a number of accounting firms have been established, including "Pan Xulun Accounting Firm" founded by Mr. Pan Xulun (later renamed "Lixin Accounting Firm"). 1930, the National Government promulgated the Regulations on Accountants, which established the legal status of accountants. Since then, many accounting firms have been established in Shanghai, Tianjin and Guangzhou. 1925, the National Association of Accountants was established in Shanghai. 1933, the National Association of Accountants was established. By 1947, there were 26 certified public accountants in China, and a number of accounting firms were established. However, in semi-feudal and semi-colonial old China, the CPA industry failed to develop greatly, and the CPA audit failed to give full play to its due role. Accounting firms are mainly concentrated in coastal cities such as Shanghai, Tianjin and Guangzhou. The business of certified public accountants is mainly to design accounting systems for enterprises, declare and pay taxes as agents, train accounting talents and provide other accounting consulting services.

In the early days of the founding of New China, CPA audit played an active role in economic recovery. At that time, due to illegal capitalists hoarding, speculation, tax evasion and tax evasion, the financial situation was extremely sinister. Comrade Chen Yun, who was in charge of financial and economic work, boldly hired a certified public accountant to audit the accounts according to law, which made outstanding contributions to stabilizing prices, ensuring national taxes and striving for a better financial and economic situation. However, due to China's highly centralized planned economy model in the Soviet Union, certified public accountants quietly withdrew from the economic stage.

(B) The development of CPA audit in China

From 65438 to 0978, after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, China implemented the policy of reform and opening up and shifted its focus to socialist modernization. The rapid development of commodity economy created objective conditions for the recovery and reconstruction of the CPA system. With the increasing foreign investment in China, the Ministry of Finance promulgated the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Income Tax Law of the People's Republic of China on Sino-foreign Joint Ventures on February 1980 14, 2004, which stipulated that the financial statements of foreign-funded enterprises should be audited by certified public accountants, providing a legal basis for restoring the system of certified public accountants in China. 1980 65438+On February 23rd, the Ministry of Finance issued the Interim Provisions on the Establishment of Accounting Consulting Organizations, which marked the beginning of the recovery of China's CPA industry. 1 98110/01day, "Shanghai Certified Public Accountants" was announced, becoming the first accounting firm in new China to independently undertake the CPA business with the approval of the Ministry of Finance. After the recovery of the CPA system in China, the clients of CPAs are mainly foreign-funded enterprises. The foreign-related economic laws and regulations of this period clearly stipulated the business of certified public accountants. 1On September 25th, 984, the Ministry of Finance issued the Notice on Establishing Accounting Consulting Organizations, which clarified the business that certified public accountants should handle. 1The Accounting Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), which was implemented in June, 1985, stipulates: "An accounting firm approved by the financial department of the State Council may undertake auditing business in accordance with relevant state regulations." 1On July 3, 986, the State Council promulgated the Regulations on Certified Public Accountants in People's Republic of China (PRC), which took effect on July 3, 1986. With the increase in the number of accounting firms and the broadening of their business scope, how to manage certified public accountants and accounting firms, effectively organize and carry out professional ethics and professional skills education, strengthen industry management, and ensure that certified public accountants practice independently, objectively and fairly has become a major issue facing the industry recovery and reconstruction. 1988165438+1October 15 The Ministry of Finance established the China Institute of Certified Public Accountants with reference to international practice, and then provincial institutes of certified public accountants were established in various places. 1993 10 10/3 10 The Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on Certified Public Accountants (hereinafter referred to as the Law of Certified Public Accountants) was deliberated and adopted at the Fourth Session of the Eighth the NPC Standing Committee and came into force on130.

Under the norms of national laws and regulations, China's CPA industry has developed rapidly. The first is to continuously expand the service field. At first, the profession of certified public accountant mainly provided audit and capital verification services for foreign-funded enterprises, and then it developed into providing financial statement audit services for all enterprises, and the practice mode was further expanded and extended. The second is to continuously strengthen personnel training. Since the establishment of 199 1, the national unified examination for certified public accountants has been successfully held for 20 times, and nearly158,000 people have obtained general practice certificates. At the same time, the industry has established a continuing education system, formulated and promulgated "Thirty Articles" on talent training in the industry, clearly put forward the guiding ideology and overall thinking of strengthening talent training in the industry, and vigorously promoted the talent training strategy in the industry. The third is to continuously deepen the construction of practice standards. According to the development trend of international auditing standards and the great changes in auditing environment, we will vigorously promote the international convergence strategy of auditing standards. At the beginning of 2006, it realized the integration with international auditing standards, and established a set of auditing standards system that not only meets the requirements of socialist market economy construction, but also integrates with international standards. 20 10, 1 1, 10, 38 auditing standards were revised, which maintained a continuous and comprehensive international convergence with international standards. The fourth is to continuously improve the construction of the supervision system. In 2004, the practice quality inspection system of the firm was established, from the previous special inspection to a five-year cycle of systematic and comprehensive inspection, and the quality inspection of same-sex practice was carried out. Fifth, continue to promote the healthy development of the firm. In the intermediary industry, the company took the lead in decoupling and restructuring the firm, promoting qualified firms to become bigger and stronger, and promoting small and medium-sized firms to do what they can, which greatly enhanced the overall competitiveness of the firm. Sixth, we will continue to cooperate closely with other countries. He has successively joined the Asia-Pacific Federation of Accountants (CAPA) and the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) and served as their directors for many years. We have sent representatives to the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB) and other relevant international organizations, and established exchange and cooperation relations with more than 50 professional organizations of accountants in more than 30 families and regions, with increasing international influence and status.