Maybe all the children in the 1980s can sing Let's Row, which is inextricably linked with Beihai Park. Especially in film and television dramas, whenever Beihai Park appears, there will always be a beautiful melody for us to paddle. But few people know that the tune of this song was inspired by Mr. Liu Chi when he was boating with his children in Beihai. He used his legs as a table and finished this famous song.
What are the three seas in Beijing? Many people may be curious. Obviously this is a lake. Why is it called sea? There are historical reasons for this. The emperor of the Yuan Dynasty was a Mongolian. He came to Beijing from the desert and the water-deficient prairie. He saw the lake very strangely and called it "the sea". In fact, there are six seas in Beijing, including the outer three seas and the inner three seas. The North Sea, the China Sea and the South China Sea are called the three major oceans in Beijing. On the west side of the palace, connected with the palace, it is a garden in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, named Taiye Pool, where the West Garden was built in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Beihai is in the northwest of the Forbidden City, bordering Jingshan in the east, Zhongnanhai in the north and Shichahai in the north, with a total area of 1.063 mu and a water surface of 583 mu. There are many places of interest here, such as the White Pagoda of Qiongdao, Jiulong Wall, Wulong Pavilion and Tuancheng. Qiongdao is surrounded by beautiful scenery, palaces and small bridges, pines and cypresses. "Spring Shadows on Qiongdao" is one of the eight scenic spots in Yanjing. Qianlong's "Qiongdao Chunyin" monument stands at the eastern foot of Baita Mountain.
The construction history of Beihai Park has a very long history, starting from the Liao Dynasty at the earliest, and now it is almost 1000 years old. Beihai belonged to the imperial palace in Liao Dynasty, and later to Jin Dynasty. Wan Yanliang, King of Jin Hailing, expanded the "Yaoyu Palace". When Jin Shizong was in office, Qionghua Island and Daning Palace were built. Since then, Beihai has basically become a royal palace.
After the Yuan Dynasty unified the world, Kublai Khan built the Yuan Capital in Beijing, expanded Qionghua Island three times and rebuilt the Guanghan Hall. 127 1, Qionghua Island was changed to Long Live Mountain.
In the early Ming Dynasty, on the basis of the Yuan Dynasty, Beihai was expanded and repaired, but the pattern of Beihai in the Yuan Dynasty was basically maintained. During the reign of Emperor Xuande of Ming Dynasty, Emperor Xuanzong of Ming Dynasty carried out a large-scale expansion and repair of Long Live Mountain. He built Tai Su Hall, Ninghe Hall, Cuiying Hall and some bridges. In the seventh year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1579), after more than 600 years of wind and rain in four dynasties, Guanghan Temple collapsed, and the main landscape architecture of the Heaven on Earth no longer existed.
The construction of Beihai Park was the most prosperous in Qing Dynasty. During the reign of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty, the White Pagoda in Tibet was built on the former site of Guanghan Palace, and the White Pagoda Temple was built in front of it. During the Qianlong period, Beihai Park was expanded and renovated for 30 years, and many pavilions and some gardens were added in the park. During Guangxu period, Empress Dowager Cixi built Beihai Park with naval funds, laid the first railway in China along the lake on the west and north banks, and built a small railway station for Empress Dowager Cixi to visit the park by train.
During the Republic of China, there were not many construction projects. 1925, Beihai Park is open as a park. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the state invested heavily in restoring ancient buildings in Beihai Park, dredging lakes and increasing public facilities. 196 1 year, Beihai Park was announced by the State Council as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units.
Architectural features of Beihai Park Beihai Park is built according to the specifications of the legendary Yaochi of the Empress Dowager of China and the West, with a layout of "one pool and three mountains" on the whole. Beihai symbolizes Taiye Pool, Qionghua Island is Penglai, and Tuancheng and Xishantai in the water symbolize Yingzhou and the abbot. In the whole space, the "radial" layout is adopted, with Qionghua Island as the core and the White Pagoda as the commanding height, and other buildings are arranged radially around Qionghua Island. The overall layout reflects the integration of natural landscape and humanistic art.
The famous buildings in Beihai Park are famous buildings. First of all, of course, this Qionghua Island, especially the Tibetan White Pagoda above, is the symbol of Beihai Park.
Beihai Park also has the Nine Dragon Walls, which, together with the Forbidden City and Datong, have become the three major Nine Dragon Walls in China. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, it was said to be the Nine Dragon Wall. In fact, there are more than nine dragons, and craftsmen burn them with colored glazed bricks, totaling 635.
(Kowloon Wall)
There are too many palaces and pavilions in Beihai Park to list them one by one, but there are some famous ones, such as Kuaixuetang, Xiaoxitian, Wulongting and Reading Gu Lou.
Among them, there are 80 inkstone engravings of 20 calligraphers from Jin Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty embedded in the verandahs on the east and west sides of Kuaixuetang, among which the most famous ones are Kuaixuetie by Wang Xizhi and Kuaixuetang by Emperor Qianlong.
Reading Gu Lou's inner wall is inlaid with 495 square * * carved stone carvings, including the famous "Sanxi Hall", which were compiled by Liang and others. These stone carvings are the treasures of ancient calligraphy in China.
Beihai Park The cultural value of Beihai Park, or the artistic value of the whole inner three seas, is first-class among the existing ancient gardens in China. Not only its exquisite architecture and rich cultural relics, but also witnessed the development and changes of Beijing's rise and fall, honor and disgrace during about 1000 years. More importantly, some characteristic buildings are of great significance for us to learn ancient architecture. In addition, a large number of calligraphy and stone carvings are excellent works of China philology, and their cultural value is immeasurable.