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Urgent questions about railway history ~
China's railway communication has a history of more than one hundred years. After decades of construction after the founding of the People's Republic of China, especially the three-year "communication battle" during the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, railway communication has made great progress. The line capacity, communication volume and communication capacity have reached a certain level, forming a comprehensive communication network with complete system, stability and reliability, complete functions and covering major economic regions in China, which is second only to China Telecom.

For a long time, railway communication, as the largest communication private network in China, takes its unique network advantages as its own responsibility to ensure the safety and smoothness of the national economy artery-railway. It is the supplement, support and supplement of public communication network, and plays an important role in railway transportation and modernization.

With the initial formation of a new pattern of diversified competition in China's telecommunications, the state has fully considered the utilization of railway communication resources and rationally allocated telecommunications resources in the process of telecommunications reform.

1995165438+10, the China Railway Communication Center of the Ministry of Railways was formally established to co-ordinate railway communication management. The establishment of China Railway Communication Center is the beginning of railway communication going to China telecom market.

1August 1998 and1June 1999, the pioneers of railway communication reform in China-China Railway Paging Co., Ltd. and the newly born China Railway Internet Co., Ltd. were announced, marking the beginning of the market-oriented operation of railway communication.

In July, 2000, according to the instructions of the leaders of the State Council and the relevant requirements of the Ministry of Information Industry and the State Economic and Trade Commission, Tietong Company was established.

History of China Railway

The start-up period of China Railway (1876- 1893)

Information and knowledge about railways began to be introduced into China around the Opium War.

At that time, Lin Zexu, Wei Yuan, Xu Jishe and other patriotic people of insight in China wrote books and introduced railway knowledge.

In particular, the leader of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Hong Zai 1859, wrote "A New Chapter on the Politics of the DPRK", which emphasized the important role of modern transportation in consolidating political power and building the country, and put forward several initiatives to develop transportation.

However, due to the failure of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, this ideal has not been realized.

During this period, the imperialist powers sought to build a railway in China in order to expand the scope of aggression from the coast of China to the inland, and carried out various activities for this purpose. For example, in 1865, British businessmen built an exhibition railway about 0.5 km long outside Xuanwu Gate in Beijing, which was widely publicized, but was rejected by the Qing government.

1876, the first railway appeared on the land of China, which was the Wusong Railway built by the British capital group by deception.

After more than a year of operation, the railway was redeemed and demolished by the Qing government.

Five years later, under the auspices of the Westernization School of the Qing government, the Tangshan-Xugezhuang Railway was completed in 188 1, which opened the curtain for China to build the railway independently.

Since then, Taiwan Province Province has built a railway from Taibei to Keelung Port and Hsinchu.

However, due to the ignorance and closed-door policy of the Qing government, there was great resistance to building railways in the early days. By 1894-65438, on the eve of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1894, only about 400 kilometers of railways had been built in the past twenty years.

New railway news

Lin Zexu, a great patriot in China's modern history, 1839 presided over the compilation of the History of the Four Kingdoms, and 1844 Wei Yuanyuan compiled the History of the Sea, all of which introduced foreign scientific and technological information such as railways and trains at that time.

Xu Jishe, a geographer at the end of Qing Dynasty, compiled A Brief Introduction to Ying Huan in 1848, which further introduced the railway situation in some countries, such as "building steamboats, paving the way with stones" and "melting iron for the road and traveling at high speed", praising this kind of transportation as "extremely capable".

Wusong railway

Wusong Railway runs from Shanghai to Wusong Town, with a length of 14.5km, a gauge of 762mm and a track weight of 13kg per meter. Short for 1876, it is the earliest railway in China.

This railway was built by Jardine Matheson in Britain by deception.

The Qing government redeemed it with 285,000 taels of silver the following year, and demolished it in June +0877+10/October 65438.

Tang Xu Railway and Its Exhibition

The Tang-Xu Railway runs from Tangshan to Xugezhuang (now Fengnan County), with a total length of 9.7 kilometers.

Built in 188 1 year, with a gauge of 1.435 mm and a rail of 1.5 kg per meter, it is the first railway in China.

This railway is for the development of Kaiping Coal Mine. Under the auspices of Westernization School of Qing government, Kaiping Mining Bureau was responsible for raising funds to build it.

1886, Kaiping Railway Company was established. After buying Tang-Xu Railway, he began to independently develop and operate railway business.

Kaiping Railway Company is the first railway company in China.

1887, tangxu railway was built to lutai, 1888 was built to Tianjin, and 1894 was opened to traffic between Tianjin and Shanhaiguan, renamed as jinyu railway.

Taiwan Province provincial railway

Taiwan Province Province originally belonged to Fujian Province of China.

A separate province was established after the Sino-French War.

Liu Mingchuan approved the construction of Taiwan Province Railway on 1887.

With Taipei as the center, the line was completed in 189 1 and 893 respectively, with Keelung Port in the east and Hsinchu in the southwest. * * * The length of the two sections is about 107 km, the track gauge is 1.067mm, and the track weight is per meter 18 kg.

Daye railway

In order to build Luhan Railway and manufacture firearms, Zhang Zhidong began to mine Daye Iron Mine and founded Hanyang Iron Works. In order to transport ore from Daye to the Yangtze River, 1894 built Daye Railway, with a length of 28 kilometers.