(1) Discovery period (182 1 ~ 1853)
In the first year of Daoguang (182 1), Qilu "refugees" discovered placer gold in Huiquanzhan and Laojinchang in Weishan River basin and began to mine placer gold in this area. In the 25th year of Daoguang (1845), Ma Wenliang, a gold miner, discovered mountain gold and outcropping veins in Beigou, Jiapigou. The vein is 40 ~ 50 meters thick and contains high gold content. Gold can be obtained through simple mining, mineral processing and refining. Since then, a large number of gold miners have flocked, and the peak of gold mining has reached thousands. However, the local gold mining order is very chaotic, with various gangs, indiscriminate mining and bandits harassing, which makes the life of gold miners extremely difficult and the safety is not guaranteed.
(2) The period outside the Korean border (1854 ~ 1933)
Around 185 1 year (the first year of Xianfeng), the gold mining industry flourished in Laojinchang and Jiapigou, and Han Xianzong went to Ma Wenliang to work as a metalworker. Because of bandits such as Cai Liang, they were caught in the ditch, which is a big worry for local metalworkers. At that time, Han Xianzong joined hands with the leader of Jiapigou Gold Gang, defeated Cai Liang and other gangs twice in 1853 and 1854, regained the occupied gold field, and was promoted as the leader of gold mining by gold miners. From then on, Han Xianzong became famous and made a fortune.
Han Xianzong (18 19 ~ 1897) was originally from Hanjiazhuang, Wendeng County, dengzhou city. When I was a child, my family was poor and I went out with my father. I have long lived in Huaqu Liugou, Mushi River Basin, Jiutai County, Jilin Province. This place belongs to the "Liubianbian" closed by the Qing Dynasty to the northeast, so it is historically said that Han Xianzong ruled Jiapigou area and established a "home world" for gold mining, which was outside the Han border of posthumous title.
After taking the mining right of Jiapigou gold mine instead of Cai Liang, Emperor Xianzong of Han established his own legal system, with clear rewards and punishments, collecting taxes and supporting private soldiers, and became a "country within a country". At the same time, the output of gold increased sharply, merchants gathered and the population was dense, and the influence of the Han family increased day by day; By 1860 (the tenth year of Xianfeng), 22 placer gold mines were mined, 7 vein gold mines were opened, more than a thousand soldiers were raised, and several conference rooms were set up to unify the gold mining industry in Lanzhou. According to relevant historical records, the ruling scope of Han Xianzong is centered on Jiapigou, with a length of 200 Li from east to west and a width of 100 Li from north to south, covering an area of more than 20,000 square Li (5,000 square kilometers) and a population of about 50,000. According to the Japanese edition of Beiman Gold Mine Resources, at its peak, about 1870 (the twentieth year of Xianfeng), Jiapigou Gold Factory produced more than 500 taels of gold per day, 5,000 taels of gold per month and 62,000 taels of gold per year, which is said to be one of the highest gold mines in the world at that time. 1897 (the 23rd year of Guangxu), the sphere of influence of the Han family expanded to six counties: Huadian, Panshi, Dunhua, Mengshan, Fusong and Antu, with a length of more than 800 li (400 km) from east to west and a width of 500-600 li (250-300 km) from north to south.
From the day of its rise, the outside of North Korea has been concerned, interfered and invaded by imperialist countries. 1900, the Russian Empire invaded northeast China. From 1902 to 1904, Russia obtained the mining right of Jiapigou through the so-called Jilin Gold Mine Treaty and the extension of Jilin Gold Mine Treaty, and established the "Big Nose" office and mine. Russia used mechanical gold mining and camel drainage, and plundered a lot of gold from Jiapigou area in less than a year and a half.
Japanese imperialism also plundered Jiapigou Gold Mine by various means. After the Russo-Japanese War, Japan obtained the right to operate and own the railway from Changchun to Lvda from Russia. 1906, a colonial organization, namely Nanmanzhou Railway Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Manchuria Railway"), was established in Luda area to seize the mining right of Jiapigou Gold Mine by all means. 19 15 Yuan Shikai secretly signed the Sino-Japanese Treaty with Japan, and put forward the mining right of Jiapigou gold mine in the annex. However, due to the strong opposition of the Japanese people, the Sino-Japanese Treaty failed to pass. 193 1 After the September 18th Incident, Japan launched a war of aggression against China and occupied Northeast China. At that time, Han Jintang, the fourth largest family of Han family, borrowed tens of thousands of yuan from "Man Tie" when it was unable to maintain gold mining production. 1933, 1933 On February 23rd, Datong Colonial Co., Ltd. and Han Jintang signed the Cooperative Operation Contract of Jiapigou Gold Mine to solve the debt problem between Han family and Manchu. According to the contract, all the mines, land and forests in the territory of the Han family are transferred to Datong Breeding Co., Ltd. for joint operation. The signing of the Peace Treaty actually made the Japanese invaders forcibly annex all the property of the Korean family at a small cost, ending the 80-year-long period of rule outside Korea for hundreds of miles.
(3) Japanese and Puppet Period (1934 ~ 1945.8)
Since 1934, the Japanese invaders have sent more than 200 armed investigation classes to Jiapigou Gold Mine for resource investigation. From 1937 to 194 1 year, Japanese imperialism successively opened pits such as Xiaobeigou, Yikeng, Touturnout, Xiaodonggou, Dajinniu, Daxiangou, Xiaxitai and Dongtuo Yaozi in Jiapigou Gold Mine. According to Huadian County Records, the Japanese invaders plundered 194 1 ~ 1944 gold from Jiapigou.
(4) Early liberation (1945.9 ~ 1960)
After1945 August 15, Jiapigou Gold Mine was liberated. /kloc-0 resumed production in June, 1946, becoming the first gold mine in new China under the leadership of China * * * and the people's government. 1946 to 1948, after the power failure, the mine was flooded, which brought great difficulties to the mine production, but under the correct leadership of Zhong * * *, it quickly resumed production. At the beginning of 1949, Jiapigou Gold Mine was completely reformed, the old pit was restored and mixed mercury flotation was adopted. Under very difficult production conditions, 703.86 kilograms of gold were produced that year. 1952, the new 1, 2 and 3 veins in Lishankeng and 3 and 6 veins in Xiaxitaikeng were discovered successively by pit exploration, and the total geological reserves of gold and metal were 196 10kg. 195 1 ~ 1953 popularized linear cylindrical cut drilling blasting and wet drilling, which improved the tunneling efficiency and reduced the underground dust concentration. 1954, some technological processes were reformed, and ball mills and cyclones were installed. The output of gold has greatly increased, reaching 1856kg, the highest level in history. After 1955, the geological resources in the mining area are decreasing day by day, the proportion of third-class mines is seriously out of balance, and the mine resources are exhausted. 1955,65438+February 3 1, Laoniugou gold and copper mine closed down and stopped production, 1960, Jiapigou gold mine stopped production, and the gold mining industry in this area is facing a very difficult situation. During this period, a total of 1 1.76t gold was produced.
(5) Prosperous period (196 1 ~ 1990)
The decline of Jiapigou gold deposit to prosperity is closely related to the breakthrough of gold geological understanding and the great progress of geological prospecting. This is the result of the joint efforts of mine geologists who work in the mining area and relevant personnel of geological exploration, teaching and scientific research departments, especially the technicians who set up Team 604 in June of1959+0/kloc-0. They persisted in opening up old and new areas for a long time, practiced repeatedly, tried hard to explore the law of mineralization, and the prospecting results kept emerging, making indelible contributions to the re-prosperity of Jiapigou Gold Mine.
With the joint efforts of leaders and geologists of Jiapigou Gold Mine, on the premise of finding out some resources in Jiapigou Mining Area, Jiapigou Gold Mine resumed production in August of 196 1. 1964, erdaogou mine was completed and put into operation, 1965, sandaokeng mine (formerly known as hongqikeng) began to explore pits, and Jiapigou gold mine began to flourish again. 1965 gold production reached 553.33 kg, 1966 "cultural revolution" movement caused serious damage and interference to gold production, 1967 to 1969 the whole mine was in a state of stagnation and semi-stagnation. 1968 gold production decreased from 1966 to 7 16.9kg to 443.4kg, and 1970 mine production returned to normal. Due to the introduction of new excavation equipment, the excavation speed of Hongqikeng (Sanliutou Mine), the largest mine, is accelerating day by day. In addition, the beneficiation process has been reformed to improve the production capacity. In 1974, the gold output increased from 443kg in 1968 to 1543kg, which made the mine successful. However, due to the blind pursuit of output, the mining ratio and the third-grade ore quantity are seriously out of balance again, which will bring very serious consequences to future production.
After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the relationship between mining and mining was gradually straightened out, and the focus of production shifted to mining and prospecting, so that the amount of mining increased year by year. 1982 ~ 1984 in order to solve the problems of almost exhausted resources and low ore grade, speed up the construction and transformation of key mine projects, and deeply tap the internal potential of old mines, the blind well expansion projects of Bajiazi, Gaoxing and Erdaogou have been completed and put into operation successively, at the same time, enterprise management has been strengthened, and technical progress has been paid attention to, thus fully mobilizing the production enthusiasm of workers.
During the "Sixth Five-Year Plan" and "Seventh Five-Year Plan", in order to obtain more geological reserves, Jiapigou Gold Mine set up a small drilling team to explore the deep parts of Sandiao Mine and Erdaogou Mine, and achieved good geological results. At the same time, production pits such as Sidiao, Dahupen, Lishankeng, Honggou District, Xiaxitai and Miaoling were excavated and put into restoration projects. A concentrator with a daily proces capacity of1000t. From May to the end of 196 1, a total of 28.722t of gold was produced.
At the same time, Jilin City, huadian city and other gold departments have successively put into operation and built Jilin Gold Mine, Banmiaozi Gold Mine and Huifahe Gold Mine in this area, which has effectively promoted the gold production in this area, and the gold output of Jilin Gold Mine alone has reached 140kg.
(VI) Development period (199 1 year to date)
With the in-depth development of reform and opening up, the gold mining industry in this area presents a prosperous development period. At present, in addition to six production mining areas (Sanjiaokou, Erdaogou, Bajiazi, Xiaobeigou, Miaoling and Xiaxitai) and a concentrator with a daily processing capacity of 1000t, there are four production mining areas and a concentrator owned by a labor service company. In addition, there are a large number of mines with different production scales, such as Jilin Gold Mine, Banmiaozi Gold Mine, Daxiangou Gold Mine, Dajinniu Gold Mine and Huifahe Gold Mine, which are owned by gold companies such as Jilin City and huadian city. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than large and small gold mines 10, large and medium-sized concentrator 10, and all kinds of star pits are distributed all over the region. The daily processing capacity of concentrator is close to 2000t, which is one of the important gold production bases in China.