Most of the West Lake is in a state of eutrophication, and Xiaonan Lake and Santan Lake are close to the lower limit of eutrophication. The main pollutants are domestic pollution, and N and P are 6-4 times higher than normal. The annual average water temperature is 17.6℃, the highest in 10 is 65438+28.6℃, and the lowest in March is 4.0℃, without lake ice. In the early 1980s, there were 5 1 species of fish, belonging to 10 order, 16 family and 43 genera. Fish sources are: (65,438+0) local wild fish; (2) Qiantang River brings fish; (3) Domesticated farmed fish were introduced artificially, and farmed fish became the dominant farmed fish in West Lake. Silver carp and bighead carp account for 75% ~ 80% of the total cultured fish. Followed by crucian carp, Hanoi crucian carp, and other cultured fish include Megalobrama amblycephala, Megalobrama amblycephala, oysters and Japanese eel. In order to protect large aquatic plants and stop stocking grass carp and herring, there are still several in the West Lake.
There were as many as 36 lakes named after the West Lake in ancient China, of which Hangzhou West Lake was the most famous. For example, it is simply called West Lake, which usually refers to West Lake in Hangzhou. West Lake is a world-famous scenic spot with a long history, numerous historical sites, beautiful scenery and pleasant scenery.
The West Lake is full of scenic spots. In addition to the "Ten Scenes of Qiantang" and "Eighteen Scenes of West Lake" in history, the most famous ones are the "Ten Scenes of West Lake" named in the Southern Song Dynasty and the "Ten Scenes of New West Lake" awarded by 1985. There are more than 40 major scenic spots and more than 30 key cultural relics and historic sites in the 60-square Axiom Garden scenic area centered on the West Lake. To sum up, the scenery of the West Lake is dominated by one lake, two peaks, three springs, four temples, five mountains, six gardens, seven caves, eight tombs, nine streams and ten views. 1982 West Lake was designated as a national scenic spot, and 1985 was named "Top Ten Scenic Spots in China". On May 8, 2007, Hangzhou West Lake Scenic Area was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A-level tourist attraction.
Introduction of scenic spots
West Lake, called Qiantang River in ancient times, is also called Xizi Lake, and its shape is nearly equiaxed polygon. The lake is divided into five sub-lakes by Gushan and artificial dikes in Su Causeway and Bai Causeway, and the sub-lakes are connected by bridge opening. The water in each part can not be fully mixed, resulting in the difference of water quality in each lake. Most of the runoff recharge first enters the three sub-lakes on the west side, and then enters the Outer West Lake. The total area of the lake is 5.593km2, the total volume is 1. 1 100 million cubic meters, and the average water depth is1.97m. The sediments in the West Lake are a kind of lake and marsh sediments with particularly high organic matter content, belonging to silty clay or silty loam. The top layer is all algal skeleton sapropelic layer (black organic clay), the middle layer is peat layer or swamp soil, and the bottom layer is basal silt layer. The rivers entering the lake are short-flowing, and the main recharge rivers are Jinsha River, Longhong River and Changqiao River.
The beauty of the West Lake lies not only in the lake, but also in the mountains. Around the West Lake, there are Longjing Mountain, Li 'an Mountain, Nanfeng Mountain, Yanxialing Mountain, Daci Mountain, Shilin Mountain, Nanping Mountain, Phoenix Mountain and Wu Shan in the southwest, collectively referred to as Nanshan. There are Lingyin Mountain, Beifeng Mountain Mountain, Xiangu Mountain, Qixialing Mountain and Baoshi Mountain in the north, collectively referred to as Beishan Mountain. They hold out the pearl of the West Lake like everyone's heart. The height of the mountain is no more than 400 meters, but the peaks are beautiful and the nymphs are beautiful. The north and south peaks are far apart, towering into the sky.
The Ten Scenes of the West Lake were formed in the Southern Song Dynasty and basically distributed around the West Lake. Some of them are located on the lake: Su Causeway Xiao Chun, Quyuan Fenghe, Pinghu Qiuyue, Broken Bridge Canxue, Liulang Wenying, Huagang Fish Watching, Leifeng Sunset, Twin Peaks, Nanping Night Bell, Santan silver moon and West Lake Ten Scenery all have their own strengths, which together represent the essence of the ancient West Lake scenery, so both Hangzhou locals and foreign tourists.
1985, Hangzhou citizens and people all over the country actively participated in the selection of the ten scenic spots of the new West Lake, which was determined after repeated deliberation by the expert selection committee. They are: Yun Qi Bamboo Trail, Manlong Guiyu, Tiger Run, Longjing Tea, Jiuxi Tobacco Tree, Wushan Tianfeng, Soft Shield Huanbi, Huanglong, Jade Emperor Feiyun and Gem Liuxia.
Other scenic spots include Baoju Xiu Xiu, Long Bridge Old Moon, Ancient Pagoda Affectionate, Lakeside Green Corridor, Gorgeous Gardens, Jinsha Style, Jiuli Yun Song, Meiwu Tea Scenery, Xishan Party, Prince Wild Fun, Plant Kingdom, Zhongshan Site, Lingyin Buddhist Kingdom, Wang Yue Tomb Temple, etc.
The West Lake is not only famous for its beautiful landscapes and deep beautiful forests and valleys, but also rich in cultural relics and beautiful myths and legends, which are skillfully integrated with nature, humanities, history and art. There are many historical sites in the West Lake, including 5 national key cultural relics protection units, 35 provincial cultural relics protection units and 25 municipal cultural relics protection units. There are also 39 cultural relics protection sites and various characteristic museums dotted around, which are famous historical and cultural tourist attractions in China.
"If you can't throw it in Hangzhou, half of it is this lake"-West Lake is a poem, a natural picture and a beautiful story. Both people who have lived here for many years and travelers who have passed in a hurry are fascinated by the beautiful scenery of a Chinese odyssey.
In the spring of March, the grass grows and the warblers fly, Su Bai Causeway, peaches and willows meet the shore. There are waves and cruise ships on both sides, and empty mountains and green waters in the distance. Walking on the embankment at this time, you will be amazed and ecstatic by the scenery in front of you. The beauty of the West Lake is not unique to spring. No matter when you come, you will appreciate the unusual amorous feelings, such as the lotus flowers all over the sky in summer, the three pools and the moon in the autumn night, the red berries in the shadow after the winter snow, the warbler in the willow cage gauze and the balcony in the misty rain.
Scenic spot evaluation
The West Lake is a poem, a natural picture and a beautiful story. People who have lived here for many years, or travelers who pass by in a hurry, are fascinated by the beautiful scenery of a Chinese Odyssey. In spring and March, the grass grows and the warblers fly. The two dikes are plain white, and the peaches and willows sandwich the shore. There are waves and cruise ships on both sides, and empty mountains and green waters in the distance. Walking on the embankment at this time, you will be amazed at the scenery in front of you, even ecstatic, and wonder if you have entered a paradise.
The beautiful scenery of the West Lake is not only unique in spring, but also meets the lotus flowers in the sky in summer, the moonlight-soaked Santan Yinyue in autumn night, the red plum in the shadow after the winter snow, and the willow cage screen window and the songbirds on the balcony in the misty rain-no matter when you come, you will appreciate the unusual style.
West Lake tourism traffic
You can take the 1-5 tourist shuttle bus to the West Lake, and you can coin it automatically. The fare is 2 yuan. When you get to the West Lake, you can take a bus to the scenic spot you want to go to. Most buses are coin-operated, and the fare is 1 yuan. In addition, most scenic spots in the West Lake have recently opened public bicycle services. You can rent a car at one of the designated stations and return it at other stations. You can take a minibus in the scenic spot, usually around 15-35 yuan.
[Main Landscape]
Ten Scenes of Old West Lake
The Ten Scenes of the Old West Lake were formed in the Southern Song Dynasty. The scenic spots are basically distributed around the West Lake, and the others are all by the West Lake.
○ Three pools printing the moon
A. Nanping night clock
○ Twin peaks in the clouds.
Leifeng sunset
Watching fish in Huagang.
Liu Lang Wenying
○ Broken bridge and residual snow
Autumn moon in Pinghu
Quyuan fenghe
Su Causeway, Xiao Chun.
The ten scenic spots of the West Lake are all good at winning, and together they can represent the essence of the scenic spots of the ancient West Lake. Therefore, whether it is a native of Hangzhou or a foreign tourist, it is said first and then traveled.
Bamboo Path in Yun Qi
The Ten Scenes of the New West Lake were determined in 1985 through the active participation of Hangzhou citizens and local people and after repeated consideration by the expert selection committee.
○ Jade Emperor Flying Cloud
Wushan tianfeng
A soft shield ring.
○ Manguilong Rain
Longjing tea
nine creeks in misty forest
Huanglong Cui Tu
Hupao Spring
○ Gemstone Flowing Xia
Yun Qi Bamboo Trail
Ten Scenes of Xinxin West Lake in 2007
Lingyin Zen
Liuhe tingtao
Yuemiao Qixia
Sunny rain by the lake
Money words express loyalty.
Wansong College
Yang di Jing hang
Three sets of clouds and water
Mei Wu Spring Jujube
North Street
Fifteen scenic spots of the new West Lake
Including "One Street, Two Pavilions, Three Gardens, Four Tombs and Five Scenes" 15 West Lake Scenic Area.
○ First Street: Beishan Street historical and cultural block.
Hall 2: China Tea Museum and Su Dongpo Memorial Hall
○ Three Gardens: Yun Qi Scenic Area, Renshoushan Park and Longhongjian Scenic Area.
○ Four Tombs: Gong Chenyu's Tomb, Su Xiaoxiao's Tomb, Tomb and Chen's Tomb.
○ Five Scenes: Zhujiajia, Wei Lu, Yucen Poetry Society, Liuyushan Residence and Santaige.
Thirty-six scenic spots of New West Lake
Li Gengtang
○ Langdangling (entrance)
○ Memorial Room of Premier Zhou Enlai in meijiawu
Tang Shengmen
○ Kyle Poirot and Hangzhou Memorial Sculpture
○ Farewell to Bai Gong (Farewell to Bai Juyi's group sculpture)
Xintai hotel
Volunteer statue
○ Monument to the fallen soldiers in the Battle of Songhu
○ Tang Sheng Road Villa Group
Qingqi camp and training ground
○ Storm Pavilion (Storm Bridge, Xiaodejing)
○ Tang water diversion memorial card
Yang Gongdi Monument Pavilion
Yongfu bridge
Yujian bridge
Jingxing ancient bridge
Songhe mountain villa
Li Hong Villa
Faxiang Zhang Tang
Huang Mao building.
○ Wuzhuangyuan Square
○ Zijiu Caotang
○ Yu Qu Yuanmu (including Youtai Fairy Hall)
○ Damailing Sudongpo Cliff Stone Carvings
○ Tomb of Yuqian (Temple)
Zhao memorial pavilion
○ Wufeng Caotang
○ Maoxiang Ancient Road (including Tongli Ancient Bridge)
Lanyuan
A small secluded garden
Tianze building
Zhaogongdi
○ Yannan Luji (former residence of Gai Jiaotian)
○ Around blue lagoon Villa
○ Fengheyu Wine Shop
Evolution of scenic spots in West Lake
Since the Southern Song Dynasty moved the capital, it has brought unprecedented prosperity to the West Lake, with the emergence of the famous "Ten Scenes of the West Lake", including the autumn moon in Pinghu, the spring dawn in Su Causeway, the residual snow on the bridge, the sunset glow of Leifeng, the midnight bell in Nanping, the wind lotus of Qu Yuan, the fish watching in Huagang, the singing of willow waves, the moonlight in Santan and the clouds with double peaks.
Following the example of the Song Dynasty, Yuan people set up Six Bridges, Liu Liyunshang, Lingshiqiao Pavilion, Gushan Xue Ji, Beiguan Night Market, Geling Chaozuo, Zhejiang, Cold Spring Ape Shaw, Two Peaks and White Clouds, and Benyuan Ten Scenes in jathyapple, West Lake.
In the Qing Dynasty, 18 scenic spots were added, including Hushan Chunshe, Gongde Chongfang, Hai Xia Xishuang, Meilin He Jiong, Yuqiu Maqiurong, Lianchi Songshe, Baoshifeng Pavilion, Tingwan Riding and Shooting, Jiaoshi Mingqin, Yuquan Yuyue, Fengling Songtao, Lakeview, Wu Shan Daguan, Tianzhuxiang City, Yun Qi Fan Jing, low-light sea view, and so on.
Until the new ten scenic spots of the modern West Lake, Yun Qi Bamboo Trail, Manlong Guiyu, Tiger Running Mooncherry, Longjing Tea, Jiuxi Smoke Tree, Wushan Tianfeng, Soft Pier Huanbi, Huanglong Cui Tu, Jade Emperor Feiyun and Gem Liuxia all show people's love for the West Lake.
Then, in 2007, the West Lake Expo in Hangzhou, China selected the latest ten scenic spots in the West Lake, including Lingyin Zen, Liuhe Tingtao, Qixia of Yuemu, Yanyu on the lakeside, Qiancibiao Middle School, Academy, Jingxing of Di Yang, Santai Yunshui, Meiwu Chunzao and North Street Dream-seeking.
The origin of the name of West Lake
The West Lake in Hangzhou was first recorded by Ban Gu in the Geography of Han Shu (Volume 28) in the Eastern Han Dynasty: "Wulin Mountain is the place where Wulin water goes. East into the sea, 830 miles. " It is generally believed that Wulin Mountain is the general name of the mountains around Lingyin and Tianzhu. Nanxi and Beixi, which originated here, flow into Jinsha River and flow eastward into West Lake, which is the largest natural water source of the West Lake. So the name "Wulin Water" is the earliest recorded name of West Lake.
Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics in the Northern Wei Dynasty recorded: "There is a sacred lake in the Ming Dynasty near the Nanjiang River in the county. According to the legend of elders, there are Taurus in the lake. Seeing it in ancient times, it is unpredictable, and the lake is named. " At this time, two other ancient names of West Lake were derived: Ming Sheng Lake and Jinniu Lake.
Around the Eastern Han Dynasty, a local official named Huaxin built a pond in the east of the West Lake to prevent the salt tide of the Qiantang River, hence the name Qiantang Lake. This is the general name of Tang Tang West Lake. In Bai Juyi's poems, Qiantang Lake is often mentioned. For example, in answering a guest's question about Hangzhou, "Indigo is piled up in Tianzhu Mountain, and green oil is shed in Qiantang Lake". The poet Zhang Hu also wrote a poem called "Early Spring Night in Qiantang River".
The name "West" Lake appeared because after the Sui Dynasty, the original Qiantang County moved from the west to the east of the West Lake, that is, Qiantang Lake, which was originally in the east of the city, is now located in the west of the city. Lake lives in the west of the city, hence the name West Lake, just like other places with the same name in China. At the latest in the Tang Dynasty, the title of "West Lake" has been frequently used. It is also a poem by Bai Juyi, and the word "West Lake" is often used. For example, his poems include "West Lake Night Return to Gushan Temple to Offer Guests", "West Lake Farewell" and so on.
After Su Shi (Dongpo), a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, sang the eternal swan song "If you want to compare the West Lake to Chinese calligraphy, light makeup is always appropriate" in his famous poem "Drinking on the lake after the rain", the West Lake has the reputation of Chinese calligraphy lake. It was a peerless beauty of Yue in the Spring and Autumn Period. Compared with dozens of lakes named after West Lake in the world, only West Lake in Hangzhou deserves such a high reputation. During the Southern Song Dynasty, the West Lake was extremely prosperous and gorgeous. Jiangnan ruling group did not want to restore their homeland, but indulged in lakes, mountains and luxuries, spending money like water and reveling. So the West Lake is called "selling gold pot", which is very appropriate and very spicy.
In addition to the names mentioned above, West Lake has many aliases, such as Longchuan, Ganyuan, Hanshi Lake, Fangshengchi, Shang Hu, Gaoshi Lake, Yueming Lake, Ren Mei Lake and so on. Each alias has its own origin. Hanshi Lake was built by Bai Juyi during the reign of Tang Changqing to store water and drain water. The upper lake in the north is relative to the lower lake; The release pond was obtained because Wang Qinruo, the governor of Hangzhou, invited the West Lake as the release pond during the Jubilee of the Northern Song Dynasty. Sage Lake is a key to the literati architecture in the Southern Song Dynasty, and it is known as the sage of the West Lake. Wait, wait. There are so many elegant names of West Lake, which just shows her long history, beautiful scenery, rich cultural connotation and charming charm from one side.
Related poems
Topic Andy Lin
Lin Sheng
When will the singing and dancing in the West Lake stop?
Warm wind makes tourists drunk and makes Hangzhou a continent!
Drinking in the lake is clear after the rain.
-Su Shi
The water is bright and sunny, and the mountains are cloudy and rainy.
If there are more dead beauties in the West Lake, C+ is so appropriate.
Lin Zifang of Chu Xiao Jingci School.
-Yang Wanli
It is the scenery of the West Lake in June, which is really different from other seasons.
Lotus leaves will not turn green the next day, and lotus flowers are particularly bright red in the sun.
Drunk book in Wang Hu Building on June 27th.
-Su Shi
Clouds poured out and poured down like ink, but a mountain range was exposed on the horizon, bright and fresh, and the splashing water was like white pearl gravel, splashing on the boat.
Suddenly, the wind rolled up and dispersed the clouds in the sky. The lake was blue as a mirror, beautiful and gentle.
Qiantang Chun Hu hang
Bai Juyi
From the north side of Gushan Temple to the west side of Jiating, the lake is just level with the embankment, with low clouds and waves on the lake.
A few early warblers compete for warm trees, whose new swallow pecks at spring mud?
Colorful spring flowers will gradually fascinate people's eyes, and shallow spring grass can barely cover the horseshoe.
I love the beauty on the east bank of the West Lake, and I can't get enough of it, especially the white sand embankment under the green poplar.
Leifeng shines in the evening.
Yin gaoting
Cloudy mountains and pale mountains play the role of money, while thousands of feet's floating picture leans in the air.
Painting a boat on the lake is all I want, and the lonely peak is still sunset red.
Sudi Xiao Chun
[Ming] Zhou Yang
Just when the future is a dark flower, the thick lake fog dispels the forest sand.
Where the yellow crane stops smoking, it crows over Su Causeway Xiao.
Breweries and lotus ponds in summer
[Ming] Wang Yanna
The ancient bend pillow lotus pond, the wind hesitates to brew incense.
You are so honored. Ling Boxian is drunk, and the brocade skirt is afraid of new coolness.
Bimodal cloud insertion
Chen Mi
The north and south peaks are high in the sky, and the two peaks are relatively unconnected.
Come to Xinyu Lake late, a crazy cloud locks two ends.
Hu Xin Pavilion
[Qing] Xu
I haven't traveled all over 100 places, but the solitary pavilion of Shuiyunjian is still good.
The station is empty on all sides, with Chengtou on one side and three mountains on the other.
Climb up to Zhang Ting to watch the tide with Yan Qiantang.
meng haoran
I stopped playing when I heard Lei Zhen in One Hundred Miles.
Even riding out, the river is waiting for the high tide.
According to the day and autumn, the sky is clear, and the sky is clear.
The stormy waves came like snow, and it was cold.
By the Light of the Silvery Moon
[Song] NaHo
The moonlight is cold and the spring water is not flowing. Where is the eulogy?
In the west wind of Baiping Polygonum hydropiper, the lake is full of beautiful autumn.
See the willow trees in Jinmen?
Facing tribute
Outside the golden gate, the willow is like gold, and it will not be green for three days.
Bring a skill, and let people know that spring is already deep in the city.
Nanwan Pingzhong
Doctor Wan [Ming]
Jade screen smoke flies at dusk, and the hall bells glow.
The path is full of talk, and the mountain increases the deduction of firewood.
Pan-West Lake at night
Dong Ming
The West Lake is full of clothes, and Qian Shan is hazy in autumn.
The second waterfowl doesn't know where to stay, but also flies to the Wang Hu Pavilion.
Huagang fish watching
[Qing] Xu
The water is new red, and the landscape of Luyuan is full of autumn market.
As far as I am concerned, I only feel the pleasure of swimming, but I also forget that the pleasure of machines is like fish.
West Lake Willow Branch Ci
[Qing] Shu Tian
Short stripes brush short long dikes with an oriole Chen Wenjing crow on them.
You can't hide the smoke in Cui Mu, and the west of the bridge is one painting after another.
Stay away from the west lake
Tang Bai Juyi
The journey is sad, and the ancestral account leaves the throat.
Tristan doesn't have to keep five horses, and Huang En can only stay for three years.
Song seats are laid under the shade of green vines, and prostitutes boats are parked in red lotus flowers.
Looking back everywhere, you can love, but it is not the lake that is difficult.
Hangzhou Fang Hui
Tang Bai Juyi
I haven't drunk much since I left Qiantang Mountain River, and I'm too lazy to recite poems.
I want to report this intention to West Lake.
Send the title of Yuhang County Building to Ambassador Pei.
Tang Bai Juyi
The official calendar is 20 years, and the official tour is 30 years.
Jiangshan and romance, the most unforgettable thing is Hangzhou.
At the end of the sand embankment in the north, at the head of the stone embankment in the West Lake.
Green bamboo shoots leave in spring, and red candles return to the boat at night.
I dare not leave my love, but I miss the old days.
With this sentence sung by Jun, the topic is the building.
He Xichuan Li Shangshu Hangzhou Yue Wei Tour Room Taiwei West Lake
Yuxi Liu Tang
Hanchuan trees fall at night, and jade hooks hang on the West Lake. The flag was surrounded by water and the ship was submerged.
I am eager to recall the past, and my heart is like a * * *. Seven laws have been in existence for a long time, and the rhyme is sad for autumn.
Yingzhou is having a banquet at the West Lake Pavilion.
Don Xu Hun
I don't know how to go back to the West Lake for a feast, but a song and a glass of wine.
The city takes the sunset to smell the drums, and the temple looks at the balcony against the autumn water.
Lantianke is still noisy, and Guiyan is a rare bird.
If you want to sign a car to cross the palace, the frost chrysanthemum will go around the pool.
Tiaoxi fishing map
Tangluoyin
When Lv Wang exhibited the temple, the straight hook fishing country was even better.
If you teach students to live on the West Lake, you must also provide fish for the house.
Farewell to West Lake
Don Li Shen
The leaves of Pu look withered, and the birds on the waves are lonely.
Wind pipe music is easy to scatter flowers, but loom feathers are difficult to float.
Snow deceives spring and destroys fragrant calyx early, while falcon stirs autumn and blows green.
Colorful hair has no place to live, and sighing at the bridge is a kind of sadness.
Wang Yuee tomb
Yuan
The grass is separated from the tomb of the king of Hubei, and the stone beast is in danger.
Officials in Nandu look down on the state capital, but the people in the Central Plains are still looking forward to Wang Shi's banner.
When a hero is killed, it is too late to regret, and the world is doomed.
Don't sing this poem to the West Lake. I can't sing it.
Yixihu
Zhangming huangyan
I met Xizi Lake in my dream, but I woke up in a vague dream.
The Wu Tomb of Gaoling is connected with Suzhong, adding a new temple.
West lake miscellaneous poems
Qing huangren
Cherish tourists' paintings, embroider the wrong platform, and spread it in the shade.
The song dynasty bought thousands of land and won Qiantang ten hectares of lake.
Suosanmen Bay in Wen Yi forced Zhejiang to own three ships carrying soldiers.
Qing Kang Youwei
The desolate white horse plays the city flute and dreams of the six bridges of West Lake.
Great country. Who can see it? The sound of waves breaks the tide in Zhejiang.
Swim grass
Modern and contemporary Yu Dafu
Wuyi Thirty-six Xiongfeng and Qingxi Jiuqu are different.
If you look at the scenery from a strange place, the West Lake will always be a small home.