In the impression of many people, Qiqihar in ancient times was vast and uninhabited. Where can humans survive? Even when it comes to stone tool culture, everyone's first reaction is the archaeologist Liang Siyong and the Neolithic cultural site of Ang Ang Creek represented by Five Blessingg and Tengjiagang. Is this hot land under our feet really so desolate? Did the Stone Age last only about 7500 years? Here, I don't need to say more, let the archaeological findings tell you.
Stone tools prove that it is a famous cold black soil at the intersection of Xiaoxing 'anling and Songnen Plain in the southwest of Heilongjiang Province, with 47 north latitude. The terrain here is high in the north and low in the south, with the southern foothills of Xiaoxing 'anling in the north and west, and Nenjiang alluvial plain in the middle and south-this is only the result of crustal changes over hundreds of millions of years. The Nenjiang River, which originated in Ilhuli Mountain, goes down with the trend and blends with countless streams and winds for thousands of miles. It flows into Songhua River in Songyuan City, Jilin Province, and flows to Heilongjiang into the sea.
Things have changed. About 30,000 years ago, the global climate was warming during the Ice Age. At this time, there are signs of ancient human activities in Qiqihar area. 1982, hydrogeologists in Heilongjiang Province discovered the earliest known remains of human activities in Qiqihar, namely the Paleolithic Cultural Site in jing xing, the second terrace on the right bank of Hanshui River, six kilometers south of jing xing Town, Longjiang County, Qiqihar City. It must be 20 thousand to 30 thousand years ago. Since then, archaeologists have discovered three Paleolithic cultural sites belonging to the same stone culture type nearby: Yao Gang in jing xing Town, Wanghaitun in Qikeshu Town and Zhengyang Livestock Farm in Qikeshu Town. Chisels, scrapers, fine stone cores, fine stone leaves and stone chips unearthed from flint, agate and Shi Ying are all made of rough and rough materials. Archaeologists believe that the paleolithic culture types in Jingxing fill a missing link in the development sequence of prehistoric culture in this area and even in Heilongjiang Province, which is of great significance for studying the transition from Paleolithic to Neolithic and exploring the emergence, development and time-space relationship of microlithics.
As if in a blink of an eye, Qiqihar has once again ushered in a new recovery after ten thousand years. At that time, the climate was mild, lakes and swamps were densely covered, and vegetation was lush. Large mammoths, northeast bison, argali, wild boar, Platts antelope and wild deer haunt the grassy hills. Large waterfowl live around the lake, and the water is rich in fish. The ancestors of Nenshui lived by mountains and rivers, some lived in the high-lying areas on both sides of Nenjiang River, and some walked between the foothills of the remaining veins in Daxing 'anling, eating their hair and drinking their blood. They use primitive tools, such as cutters, hairpin-shaped devices, scrapers, pointed devices, carvers, cutters, stone chips, stone cores, stone leaves, bone implements and so on. They live in harmony with nature. This scene has been interpreted in the late Paleolithic sites of about 10,000 years, such as Banla Mountain in Longjiang County, Daxing Tun in Ang Ang Creek, Qinghe Tun in nehe city, Shenquanzi, Kumu and Xiaotun in Fuyu County, Dahab, Manggetu and Heigangzi in Meris District, Shedong Mountain and Shanpo Tun in Nianzi Mountain. In particular, the Daxing Tun Paleolithic Cultural Site in Ang 'angxi was identified by experts as a temporary camp for early hunters because of its rich cultural remains.
Archaeologists believe that most of the above-mentioned paleolithic tools belong to polished stone tools, reflecting the transition process from grinding stone tools to grinding stone tools, which is the symbol of ancient human life from the late Paleolithic period to the early Neolithic period and a type of fishing and hunting culture. The ancestors wore clothes made of animal skins or leaves, learned to use fire, ate barbecue food and lived in caves. Jia Lanpo, a famous archaeologist, thinks that the paleolithic culture in Nenjiang Valley is related to the tradition of small stone tools in North China and should be a continuation of the paleolithic culture in North China from the perspective of the stone tools unearthed in Nianzishan, Banlashan and Daxing Tun and their processing technology. The discovery of these sites not only provides important evidence for studying the relationship between Paleolithic culture in northern China and northeastern China, but also has important value for studying the origin of ancient culture in China, Northeast Asia (including Japanese archipelago) and North America.
A few years ago, when I went to visit Nianzi Mountain, I passed by Shedong Mountain and found that the deep hole had been filled with soil by the relevant parties. At that time, Mr. Li Long, an archaeologist at Qiqihar Cultural Management Station, found many large forged stone tools near this cave, which should be the habitat of ancient humans. I think it would be a good scenic spot if an ancient human activity scene was arranged here. Perhaps the relevant parties are not clear about the value of the "snake hole". If they do, it's boring to shut it down on the pretext of safety. On July 20 17, I went to Nianzishan to collect wind, and found that the site sign had been hung at the mouth of the cave. It was simply too easy to inspect in the cave.
According to the statistics of the cultural administration department, so far, there have been 13 late Paleolithic remains in Qiqihar, but in fact there are far more Paleolithic cultural sites in Nenjiang River basin, only some of them have not been discovered, and some of them are submerged in Yunur reservoir area. In 2002, before the Nierji Reservoir was filled, archaeologists searched the Nenjiang River to rescue the historical sites in the flooded area. About 400 meters northeast of Shenquan Village, Xuetian Township, nehe city, archaeologists discovered an ancient human site in the late Paleolithic period-Shenquan Stone Age No.2, and unearthed more than 3,000 stone tools, such as stone cones, stone leaves, wedge-shaped stone cores, scrapers, choppers and pointers, which were called "stone tool processing plants". Among them, there is an agate stone cone, exquisite and exquisite, which is the best. With the completion and storage of Nierji Reservoir, many stone tools, bronzes, early ironware, Liao and Jin Dynasties and Qing Dynasty remains were submerged on both sides of Nenjiang River.
(Author: Zhang Shousheng)
Qiqihar News Media Center was edited by Qiqihar People's Network.
Paleolithic Age (2) Nenjiang (1) Stone tools (1)