Zhuge Liang: Zhuge Liang's ability to govern the country and the army, his character of helping the world and loving the people, and his modesty and prudence set an example for various outstanding historical figures in later generations.
Zhou Yu: Zhou Yu in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is narrow-minded and always less intelligent than Zhuge Liang. Unlike Zhou Yu, praised by Su Shi as "heroic and heroic", he is an "eternal romantic figure".
Lu Bu: He was brave, resourceful, capricious, short-lived and affectionate all his life. He has a bad temper, good face, conceit, impulsiveness, irritability and impatience, but he is not a foolhardy man, but sometimes his emotions overwhelm his reason. The figure he rescued from danger was Liu Bei.
Liu Bei: Chen Shou's evaluation of Liu Bei is: "Hongyi is generous, knows people and treats scholars, and is a hero in the style of Gao Zu." And entrusted the whole country to Zhuge Liang, but with the same mind, sincere monarch and minister serve the public and prosper in ancient and modern times. If you have no right to do something, you can't catch Wei Wu. Because the cardinality is too narrow. However, he "persisted, and he would never do it." "In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the author described Liu Bei as a representative of the benevolent, who was the orthodox successor of the imperial power in the Han Dynasty. Therefore, it is extremely exaggerated to describe Liu Bei's kind, generous and kind-hearted personality, but while highlighting his kindness, he fell into an incompetent side, giving people the feeling of incompetence and hypocrisy. Liu Bei in TV plays is often Lacrimosa. Although crying and tears show Liu Bei's benevolence and righteousness, they give people the impression that Liu Bei's world is crying, distorting Liu Bei's true image as a "lean" and "outstanding person".
Guan Yu: In history, Guan Yu was the tiger general of "ten thousand enemies". He is proud and has no regrets, and his grievances are clear. He is famous for his loyalty, but he is "righteous and proud" and has more courage and less wisdom. After Ma Chao surrendered to Liu Bei, he was named General of the Day. When Guan Yu was in charge of Jingzhou, he wrote a book with Zhuge Liang, "Ask who can compare with the super talent." Zhuge Liang wrote back that Ma Chao is a great man in the world, but he is not as good as Guan Yu's "peerless", and Guan Yu "keeps books to entertain himself as a guest." This is a typical brave and foolhardy military commander's character. However, in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, because he is a member of Liu Bei's camp and has the characteristics of loyalty, he is portrayed as the embodiment of benevolence and righteousness. He followed Liu Bei and did not avoid difficulties and obstacles. Xiapi was captured and surrendered to Cao Cao, but he was worried about Liu Bei. Just because Cao Cao was very kind to him, he killed Yan Liang, the general of Yuan Shao, for Cao Cao before he left Cao and returned to Liu, and lifted the siege of the white horse. However, it is written in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms that Guan Yu met three times when Pi surrendered, and Cao Cao had a small banquet on the third day and a big banquet on the fifth day, but it was false. In short, in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the author described Guan Yu as a "righteous man", so his image was seriously distorted.
Cao Cao: In history, Cao Cao's character is very complicated. Chen Shou thinks that Cao Cao is "the first in the history of the Three Kingdoms". "The magic of application and transaction, Han Bai's unique strategy, and the official licensing materials have their own tools, and they are sentimental and don't forget the old evils." Cao Cao has been in charge of the army for more than 30 years, but he can't let go. He must be endowed when he climbs high. He is better at poetry, cursive script and Go. Live frugally and don't pay attention to clothes. Discuss with others, laughing and laughing. "Honor should be rewarded, generous daughter; Nothing can be done, nothing can be done. " He is a first-rate politician, strategist and writer in the history of China. In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, these good aspects of Cao Cao's character and morality are ignored, while his cruel and treacherous side is exaggerated. Therefore, Luo Guanzhong's Cao Cao is a typical treacherous, cruel, willful and suspicious villain.
Zhou Yu: Zhou Yu in history was "generous", modest and obedient, and "open and ambitious". Liu Bei called him "the plan of civil and military affairs, the English of ten thousand people." Sun Quan praised him as "the capital of Wang Zuo". However, in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Zhou Yu became the bottom figure of Zhuge Liang. Zhou Yu was written to raise Zhuge Liang. Therefore, Zhou Yu in Romance of the Three Kingdoms is narrow-minded and always inferior to Zhuge Liang in wisdom. Unlike Su Shi and Zhou Yu's "heroic, black scarf, laughing and laughing" and "romantic figure of the ages", he became the person who suffered the most injustice in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
Lu Su: If the characters of Cao Cao, Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu and others in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms are distorted, but there is still some basis, then in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Lu Su is almost completely fabricated except for his name. Lu Su in history was "in the army, never leaving his book", "far-sighted" and "brilliant". When he first met Sun Quan, he put forward the founding policy: set foot in the east of the Yangtze River, reject Cao Cao in the north, wait for the destruction of Huang Zu, head for Liu Biao, who was accidentally discovered in the Yangtze River, and then build the so-called emperor for the world. This is similar to Zhuge Liang's longzhong pair. When Cao Cao's army went south to Jingzhou, Sun Quan's men all surrendered, but Lu Su advocated resisting Cao and advised Sun Quan to recall Zhou Yu to defend the business war. After Battle of Red Cliffs, he urged-Cao. In the history of Wu Dong, Lu Su was a real Zhuge Liang figure, and Sun Quan also admired him very much. The establishment and development of Wu was basically carried out in accordance with the political strategy and strategic policy put forward by Lu Su. However, in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Lu Su became a victim of the wits and wits of Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu, a typical example of being fooled and bullied.
Wei Yan: Brave, daring, repetitive and cunning.
Jiang Wei: Loyalty, scheming and loyalty to the monarch.
Sun Quan: Be bold, take the overall situation into consideration, be sensible, and distinguish between loyalists and traitors.
1. Cao Cao
Native place [Yanzhou] Peiguoqiao County [now Bozhou, Anhui Province]
Short and ugly in appearance
Wang Wei, the official prime minister, said that Wu chased Wei Taizu and Wu Di.
Birth and death 155-220 (66 years old)
domestic
Data father Cao Song mother Zou.
Spouse Bian Shi
Children Cao Cao Ang Cao Pi Cao Zhang Cao Zhi Cao Xiong Chong Cao Yu
Brothers and sisters Cao Cao Binde
Related figures Dong Zhuo Yuan Shao Zhou Liu Yubei Guan Yu
The forces that once worked in the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Wei and Jin Dynasties
Cao Cao-concise historical biography
Politicians, military strategists and poets of the Three Kingdoms unified the north and held the emperor for a lifetime. Cao Cao's father, Cao Song, was the adopted son of eunuch Cao Teng, and Cao Teng was a descendant of Han Xiang and Cao Can. Cao Cao was the King of Wu when he died. After Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor, he was honored as the Emperor of Wu, known as Wei Wudi in history. Cao Cao reclaimed land in the north to build water conservancy projects, which solved the problem of insufficient rations and played a certain role in the recovery of agricultural production. Employ talents, attract the middle and lower classes of the landlord class, restrain the strongmen and strengthen centralization. The social economy of the ruling area has been restored and developed. The method of selecting a good soldier is written by Sun Tzu's Brief Explanation of the Art of War, The Art of War and other books. Good poems, such as "A Journey in the Great Miles" and "Watching the Sea", express their political aspirations and reflect the miserable life of the people at the end of the Han Dynasty. They are magnificent, generous and sad. Prose is also neat. His works include Wei Wudi.
Cao Cao-Romantic Biography
Cao Cao, one of the eight captains of Xiyuan, once assassinated Dong Zhuo alone. After his failure, he joined forces with Yuan Shao to crusade against Dong Zhuo, and then developed his own power alone. Throughout his life, he defeated Yuan Shu, Lu Bu, Zhang Xiu, Yuan Shao, Liu Biao, Zhang Lu, Ma Chao and other separatist forces to unify the North. However, in the campaign of south expedition to Jiangdong, Cao Cao was defeated in Chibi. Later, in the battle with Shu Han for Hanzhong, Cao Cao failed again. Cao Cao never proclaimed himself emperor. Shortly after his death, Xelloss proclaimed himself emperor and made Cao Cao emperor of Wei Wu.
Cao Cao-Historical Evaluation
◆ Chen Shou: "At the end of the Han Dynasty, the world was in chaos, and the heroes rose together. Yuan Shaohu stayed in four States, which was extremely powerful. Mao strategized, lashed out at the demons of internal, application and business, and the unique strategies of Korea and Belarus, and granted materials by the government, each with its own tools, melodramatic and arbitrary, and did not think about old evils, and finally conquered the imperial plane and became a career in the wild, but it was only slightly superior. I can be described as an extraordinary person and a peerless hero. "
◆ Wang Shen: For more than 30 years, Taizu Imperial Army has been reluctant to give up books. The book talks about the art of war and thinks about classics at night. Climbing to the top must be given, and the strings of new poems make a movement. Shu Wei
◆ Zhong Rong: Cao Gong is ancient and straight, with a sad sentence. poetic sentiment
◆ Xu Zijiang: an able person who manages the world, a traitor in troubled times. Shu Wei
The word Xuande will eventually belong to Shu.
Native place [Youzhou] Zhuoxian County, Zhuo Jun [now Zhuozhou, Hebei Province]
It looked seven feet and five inches long. He dropped his hand to his knees and looked at his ears.
The courtiers of the Emperor of Shu were called Zhao Lie.
Birth and death 16 1-223 (63 years old)
domestic
Information father ricas mother unknown.
Spouse dried rice in Shangxiangwu City, Sun Shi
Children Liu Feng
Unknown brothers and sisters
Related figures Zhuge Guanliang yu zhang Cao Fei Cao
Sun Liu Zan expressed Shu Wei Yuan Shao, a former power in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
2. Liu Bei-concise historical biography
Liu Bei, the first emperor of Shu Han, is said to be a descendant of Liu Sheng, the son of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty. Liu Bei lost his father and made a living by selling shoes and weaving mats with his mother. During the Yellow Scarf Uprising, Liu Bei organized volunteers and government forces to wipe out the Yellow Scarf. He used to be a county commandant in Anxi county, and soon abandoned his official because of flogging Du You. After the warlord regime, Liu Bei was weak and often relied on others. He has taken refuge in Gongsun Zan, Cao Cao, Yuan Shao, Liu Biao and others. After many twists and turns, he still has no place of his own. Battle of Red Cliffs, Liu Bei and Wu jointly fought against Cao Cao and won. He borrowed Wu Dong to Jingzhou, which developed rapidly, annexed Yizhou, occupied Hanzhong and established the Shu-Han regime. After Guan Yu died, Jingzhou was seized by Sun Quan, and Liu Bei conquered Wu after he proclaimed himself emperor. The battle of Yiling was defeated by Lu Xun and died in Baidicheng, leaving Zhuge Liang alone in his sickbed.
Liu Bei-Romantic Biography
Liu Bei, the founding emperor of Shu Han, is a descendant of Liu Sheng, the son of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty. Liu Bei is a poor boy who makes a living by selling shoes and weaving straw mats. During the Yellow turban insurrectionary, Liu Bei became brothers with Guan Yu and Zhang Fei in Taoyuan. Together, he wiped out the yellow turban insurrectionary, made meritorious service, and served as the commandant of Anxi County, and soon resigned. When Dong Zhuo was in chaos, Liu Bei and Gongsun Zan crusaded against Dong Zhuo, and the three defeated Lu Bu in Hulao Pass. After the warlord regime, Liu Bei was weak and often relied on others. He has taken refuge in Gongsun Zan, Cao Cao, Yuan Shao, Liu Biao and others. After many twists and turns, he still has no place of his own. On the eve of Battle of Red Cliffs, Liu Bei came to Jingzhou Caotang and asked Zhuge Liang to come out to help. Battle of Red Cliffs, together with Sun Quan, defeated Cao Cao and laid the foundation for a three-point world. With the help of Zhuge Liang, Liu Bei occupied Jingzhou, and soon entered Yizhou, captured Hanzhong and established a political power across Jingyi and Yizhou. After Guan Yu died, Jingzhou was seized by Sun Quan, and Liu Bei was furious. After he proclaimed himself emperor, he conquered the State of Wu. The battle of Yiling was defeated by tracing the cause, and he soon died in Baidicheng, leaving Zhuge Liang alone.
Liu Bei-Historical Evaluation
◆ Chen Shou: The late master Hongyi was generous, knowing people and treating others, with high-impedance demeanor and heroic tools. The whole country entrusted to Zhuge Liang, but the heart was unconcerned, sincere to the public, and the ancient and modern track was also prosperous. If you don't understand Wei Wu, you are too narrow-minded. However, if you don't scratch, you won't be next. The amount of restraint will not be self-sufficient, not only for the benefit, but also to avoid harm to the cloud.
◆ Lu Bu: I am the most trustworthy person.
◆ Cao Cao: Today's heroes in the world are only kings, and they only listen to their ears.
◆ Fuwo: Generosity, benevolence, and moderation can win people's strength.
◆ Zhang Fu: Wei and kindness, courage and benevolence, generosity and understanding.
The data word "one virtue" finally belongs to Shu.
Native place [Jizhou] Zhuoxian, Zhuo Jun [now Zhuozhou, Hebei]
Relevant records that have not appeared for the time being.
Officials call Huan a riding general.
Birth and death? — 22 1
domestic
Information father unknown mother unknown
Spouse Xiahou
Children Zhang Shao
Unknown brothers and sisters
Related figure Liu Bei Guan Yu
The forces that serve Shu.
3. Zhang Fei-a concise historical biography
I met Liu Guan in Zhuo Jun, worked with Guan Yu in Liu Bei's place, and regarded Guan Yu as my brother. As Liu Bei helped Cao Cao defeat Lu Bu, he was awarded the corps commander. In Dangyang Changosaka, Zhang Fei led twenty riders to break the bridge by water and stopped Cao Cao's army. No one dared to enter Cao Jun, Liu Bei pacified Jingzhou, Zhang Fei served as prefect, General Lu and Xinting. When Liu Bei entered Shu, Zhang Fei and Kong Ming went upstream to Jiangzhou and were released by Yan Yan, the prefect. Yizhou was pacified, and Zhang Fei was appointed as the Brazilian satrap, which quickly repelled Zhang He's attack. It is a festival for Liu Bei to flatter Wang Hanzhong and make Zhang Fei the right general. In the first year of Zhangwu, he moved to ride a general, led a captain of the official department, and entered Xixiang Hou. After Liu Bei attacked Wu, Zhang Feiben led ten thousand soldiers to Jiangzhou from Langzhong. Before he left, he was killed by Zhang Da and Fan Jiang. After chasing, the more Huan Hou.
Zhang Fei-Romantic Biography
Zhang Fei became sworn to Liu Bei and Guan Yu in Taoyuan. Zhang Fei ranked third and conquered the Yellow Scarf with Liu Bei. Liu Bei was sealed as a plain and Zhang Fei was a Sima in another department. Xuzhou city was broken, and Zhang Fei occupied the ancient city and made a county magistrate. Cao Cao pacified Jingzhou, and Zhang Fei led more than twenty riders. He immediately mounted the long cold watch, scaring Cao Jun away for dozens of miles. After Liu Bei entered Shu, Zhang Fei led reinforcements along the river and attacked numerous cities without hesitation. Later, he was named general of the Five Tigers of Shu Han. After Guan Yu's death, Zhang Fei was heartbroken. He drank and whipped his men every day and was killed by his men while sleeping.
Zhang Fei-Historical Evaluation
Chen Shou: "Guan Yu and Zhang Fei both claim to be enemies of ten thousand people, and they are tiger ministers in the world. Feathering Cao Gong, flying Yan Yan, has the wind of a national scholar. However, feathers are just pride, flying violently without grace, and it is normal to take short clothes.
4. Guan Yu (—2 19) was born in the Huan period of the Eastern Han Dynasty and was born in Hedong (now Yuncheng, Shanxi) county. Famous soldiers of Shu and Han in the Three Kingdoms period. After his death, he was revered by the people and praised by the court. He was honored as Guan and also called Bodhisattva by Buddhism.
all one's life
In his early years, he fled from his hometown to Zhuo Jun, a secluded state, for committing crimes. /kloc-in 0/88, Liu Bei organized volunteers to fight against the yellow turban insurrectionary army in Zhuoxian county, and Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were among them. Three people sleep in the same bed, and they are like brothers. When Liu Bei sat down, they often took pains to stand with him, sometimes for most of the day. Three people crusaded against the yellow turban insurrectionary, and after occupying important positions, Liu Bei defected to his former classmate Gongsun Zan, and was named the country of the plain. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were appointed as Sima of other ministries, belonging to different ministries.
After Liu Bei led Xuzhou, he was attacked by Yuan Shu and Lu Bu, and defected to Cao Cao, who recommended Liu Bei as General Zuo and Yu Zhou Pastoral. 198, Cao Cao defeated Lu Bu and appointed Che Zhou as the secretariat of Xuzhou. When Yuan Shu went north to Yuan Shao, Liu Bei was ordered by Cao Cao to intercept Yuan Shu in Xuzhou. Liu Bei took the opportunity to attack and kill Che Zhou, ordered Guan Yu to keep Pi, led Xuzhou, and Liu Bei returned to Xiaopei. In 200, Liu Bei was defeated by Cao Cao, Guan Yu was captured, and Cao Cao was appointed as a partial general to keep Guan Yu for his own use. After Yuan Shaopai's general Yan Liang led Chunyu Qiong and Guo Tu to attack Baima, Cao Cao personally led the army to rescue and appointed Zhang Liao and Guan Yu as pioneers. Guan Yu, seeing that Yan Liang might cover up, charged on horseback, assassinated Yan Liang and beheaded him among all the troops. Yuan Jun's generals are unstoppable, and the danger of a white horse has been solved. Guan Yu was named the Pavilion Hou of Hanshou. Knowing that Guan Yu was leaving, Cao Cao rewarded him and wanted to keep him, but Guan Yu sealed Cao Cao's reward, left his book behind and went back to find Liu Bei. Cao Cao wanted to kill him, and Cao Cao thought, "Each has his own master, so don't chase him."
Liu Bei took refuge in Liu Biao and stationed in Xinye. In 208, when Cao Cao went south, Liu Beinan fled and sent Guan Yu to meet him in Jiangling by hundreds of ships, but Liu Bei was chased by Cao Cao Jun on the way. Fortunately, Guan Yu went to Hanjin by boat and went to Xiakou by boat together. After Liu Bei and Sun Quan defeated Cao Cao, Cao Cao left Cao Ren and others to defend Jingzhou, so Liu Bei and Sun Quan's general Zhou Yu attacked Cao Ren and ordered Guan Yu to break Cao Ren's back road. Liu Bei got Jingnan, and Guan Yu named Yuan Xun as the prefect and general of Xiangyang. In the meantime, Xiangyang was actually Cao Cao's sphere of influence, so it was stationed in Jiangbei. After Liu Bei pacified Shu, Guan Yu was authorized to take charge of Jingzhou.
In 2 15, Sun Quan lost the Northern War, thinking that Battle of Red Cliffs had surpassed Liu Bei in COSCO, and turned to Liu Bei for Jingzhou. Liu Bei refused, so Sun Quan ordered Monroe to attack the south of Jingzhou, and Lu Su contained Guan Yu in Yiyang. Finally, Sun Liu agreed to share Jingzhou equally, but the relationship between the two sides deteriorated, and Sun hated Liu Bei and Guan Yu. In 2 19, Liu Bei called himself the king of Hanzhong and named Guan Yu a former general. In the same year, Guan Yu attacked Fancheng, and Cao Cao sent a general class to help. At that time, heavy rain caused the Hanshui River to skyrocket. Guan Yu took advantage of the celestial phenomena to capture more than 30,000 enemy troops alive, captured them in the Forbidden City, killed Pound, further besieged Cao Jun general Coss in Fancheng, and sent troops to surround Xiangyang. At that time, many bandits under Cao Cao had been remotely controlled by Guan Yu, and many rebels wanted to woo Guan Yu for help. Guan Yu was a great hero in China.
2 19 10, Wang Cao wanted to move the capital to avoid its sharp edge, but was dissuaded by Sima Yi and Jiang Ji, thinking that Sun Quan did not want to see Guan Yu. Sun Quan really invited Cao Cao to attack Guan Yu's rear because he coveted Jingzhou. Cao Cao is still not at ease. He mobilized generals such as Huang Xu and Zhang Liao, led troops to rescue Fancheng, such as Pei Qian, Lu Gong and Yu Zhou, and prepared to conquer Guan Yu himself. Sun Quan also mobilized all the main forces, ordered Lv Meng to sneak attack Jingzhou as a coach, and personally led the army to Jingzhou as a backup. The commander of Jiangling, an important town in Jingzhou, and the police surrendered without fighting. Sun Quan's subordinates Lu Meng and Lu Xun occupied all areas of Jingzhou. Born in the rear, Guan Yu lost the battle with Huang Xu, so he lifted the siege of Fancheng and withdrew to the south, but the water army still controlled the Hanshui River. The families of Guan Yu's army are mostly in Jingzhou. Knowing the fall of Jingzhou, the foot soldiers gradually dispersed, and Guan Yu had to retreat to Maicheng. 65438+ In February, Guan Yu tried to feign a breakthrough, but he was caught by Ma Zhong of Pan Zhang on the way and was beheaded in Linzhou. After Liu Chan, Guan Yu was regarded as a powerful marquis.
trait
Guan Yu and Hu Zimei, ten thousand enemies, loyalty and righteousness; Be good at reading Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals, and you can read it like a stream. When he surrendered to Cao Ying, although he was treated with courtesy, he turned his heart to Liu Bei. Be kind to the foot soldiers. I even curetted bones to cure poison. I was once injured by a poisonous arrow. Every rainy day, the bones don't hurt. A famous doctor said that I had to scrape bones and detoxify before I could recover. Guan Yu immediately extended his arm to the doctor and began to scrape the bone, and the blood flowed to the plate. But Guan Yu ate meat and drank wine, as cool as a cucumber.
But he is proud by nature and is very proud of literati. I have a bad relationship with my colleagues. For example, after Huang paid homage to the general, he said angrily, "The brave will never be in the same column as the veteran!" " Fortunately, Liu Bei sent Fei Shi to explain. Mi Fang, Stone Man and Pan Jun are all different from Guan Yu.
evaluate
Chen Shou, the author of the Three Kingdoms, commented: "Guan Yu and Zhang Fei are all enemies, and the tiger ministers in the world. Feathering Cao Gong, flying Yan Yan, has the wind of a national scholar. But the feather is just proud, flying violently without grace, and it is normal to defeat with short service. "
Wen Hui: "Guan Yu is sharp."
Monroe: "Thinking people are long and eager to learn, and easy to read Zuo Zhuan. They are smart and masculine, but they are quite conceited, so they are good people. " "Although there is a family today, and Guan Yu is a bear or a tiger, is it safe?"
Zhuge Liang Shu and Guan Yu: "Meng Qi is a great hero because he is both civil and military. He is the best player in the world and a disciple of Fu and Peng. You and Yi Debi are not as good as the peerless group. "
Guo Jia and Cheng Yu called Guan Yu and Zhang Fei "ten thousand enemies"
Ye Liu called Guan Yu and Zhang Fei "brave the three armies."
Zhou Yu called Guan Yu and Zhang Fei "General Xiong Hu"
Fu Gan called Guan Yu and Zhang Fei: "If you are brave enough to defeat ten thousand people, you must do it."
Yang praised and said, "Guan, born in, magnificent and winged." Ping Fan left and right sides, roaring to send electricity, benefiting from difficulties, praising the great cause of the Lord, chasing Korea and Geng, and singing in chorus with both virtues. If the explanation is rude, it will lead to rape, and the sorrow will only be light, and the country will be surrendered. "
Guan Yu and Zhang Fei became synonymous with bravery and good fighting in later generations:
Xia Liu Biography of the Book of Jin: "Every time Jin and Xia Liu hit a thief, they were trapped and destroyed, and Hebei was better than Guan Yu and Zhang Fei."
Shu Wei Cui Yanbo biography: "Cui Gong, ancient Zhang Guan also."
You can refer to the brave part of Zhang Guan in Volume 7 of Zhao Yi's Notes on the Twenty-two Histories, and sort out in detail the materials that the ancients used Guan Yu or Zhang Guan as synonyms for brave generals.
Birth dispute
In the Guandi Temple in Changping Village, Yuncheng, China, there is an inscription on the tombstone of Mu Houzu, a former general in the 19th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1680). He was born on June 24th, the 3rd year of Huan (160), and stood on the stone plate in the 2nd year of Qing Emperor Chongqi (1629). Besides, there are several popular sayings about Guan Yu's birthday. Comparing and studying several materials, it is more credible that public opinion believes that Guan Yu was born on June 22nd in the third year of Yan Xi [1].
However, this information has always been controversial. Guan Yu's birth is not recorded in the History of the Three Kingdoms and other historical materials of the same period. In addition, the content of Guandi's history mostly comes from Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which is not a rigorous historical material. The research on the inscription of sacrificial field and the tombstone inscription of former general Guan Zhuang Mu Houzu is not strict. And the biographies of celebrities in China compiled by Wang et al. -2 19), so there is still no exact and reliable information.
5. Lu Bu
Tall (estimated to be over 190m), handsome in appearance and strong in martial arts. Lu Bu is not only well dressed, but also likes to be cool. As soon as he appeared, he was "imposing, holding a square-painted halberd and glaring", which was simply cool. He often takes a square halberd and rides a red rabbit BMW to pick up girls everywhere. At that time, it was called "Lyu3 bu4 in the crowd, red rabbit in the horse pile".
Lu Bu is from Jiuyuan County, Wuyuan County. He is good at riding and shooting. Known as General Fei, he is famous in Bing. Ding Yuan, secretariat of history, with cloth as the main book. After Dong Zhuo entered Beijing, he induced Lu Bu to kill Ding Yuan and led his men to vote. When Dong Zhuo saw his personal servant, he ordered Buqi to ride a captain and left and right attendants. Buyi is also Dong Zhuo's father. But Dong Zhuo often wants to kill Bu because of his small anger. Bu was afraid and killed Dong Zhuo at the instigation of Stuart Wangyun. Zhuo Dang and others gathered together as thieves to attack Chang 'an, but Bu couldn't refuse and fled everywhere, taking refuge in Yuan Shu, Yuan Shao, and so on. Finally, under the planning of Zhang Miao and Chen Gong, he entered Yanzhou and fought fiercely with Cao Cao several times. Winning first and then losing, he took refuge in Xuzhou Liu Bei and stationed in Xiaopei. Lu Bu seized Xuzhou by Liu Bei's attack on Yuan Shu, and then made peace with Bei under the mediation of Cao Cao. Yuan Shu attacked Liu Bei, and Lu Bu made a bet on shooting Ji at Yuanmen, forcing him to retreat. Yuan Shu rose up and attacked Lu Bu, and Lu Bu was defeated. But after Cao Cao and Liu Bei joined forces to attack, they were trapped in Xiapi. Although Buyi is fierce, he is suspicious and has no plan. He believes in his wife's words and does not believe in the words of the group. In March, Cao Cao hacked everywhere, and the Lyu3 bu4 army flew up and down, tying Hou Cheng, Song Xian and Xu Wei to Chen Gong's hands to surrender. Lyu3 bu4 also tied, and Chen Gong and Seibel were slaughtered in the White Gate Tower. Lyu3 bu4 is frivolous, cunning and mercenary, which doomed him to be a hero for a while and not a great cause.
6.zhao yun
Zhao Yun is eight feet long and magnificent.
The five tigers in Shu ranked third. Zilong, a native of Zhengding, Changshan (now Zhengding, Hebei), is famous for his bravery and good fighting skills. Originally a subordinate of Gongsun Zan, he later returned to Liu Bei. Liu Bei was defeated in Changbanpo, Dangyang, and Zhao Yun went in and out of Cao Cao's million-strong army, saving Mrs. Gan and Dou. Liu Bei married his relatives in Wu Dong, and Zhao Yun led the guards. Later, he cut off the river to save Dou and used a pike. He is unpredictable and brave. He participated in countless battles in his life and made many outstanding achievements. After the worship of the general of the foreign army, the general of the army conquered the south and sealed Yongchang Pavilion. In 227 AD, Zhuge Liang attacked Guanzhong, lost in Jigu Valley, and returned to Hanzhong, where he died at the age of 73.
7. General Gan Ning of the State of Wu. The word Xingba was born in Linjiang (now Zhongxian County, Sichuan Province). At first I followed Liu Biao and Huang Zu. After Huang Zubing was defeated and killed, he surrendered to Sun Quan. As a famous general of the water army, he is brave and extraordinary. He often took the lead in wars and made outstanding contributions all his life. Cao Jun led a hundred death squads to attack Cao at night, and returned with a great victory, leaving no one injured. When Liu Bei attacked Wu, he was shot dead by Fan Wangsha. When he died, there were hundreds of crows in the tree, which surrounded his body and did not fly away. Sun Quan was deeply saddened by the news of Gan Ning's death and set up a temple to worship.
8. Zhang Liao, whose name is Wen Yuan, was born in Yanmen Mayi (now Shuoxian County, Shanxi Province). He worked for Ding Yuan, a subordinate of Bing secretariat, and later joined Dong Zhuo. After Dong Zhuo's death, Zhang Liao led troops to take refuge in Lu Bu, and served as the riding captain under Lu Bu. Later, Lu Bu was defeated by Cao Cao and Liu Bei, and finally took refuge in Cao Cao. Strong martial arts, extraordinary courage, resourcefulness, and many achievements. In the 20th year of Jian 'an (AD 2 15), Sun Quan attacked Hefei. He led more than 800 death squads to defend the city, courageously raided and defeated Wu Jun. When Wu Jun heard the name of Zhang Liao, everyone was frightened. Even the children of Wu cried at night, but he was afraid to cry when he heard the word Zhang Liao. In the year of Huang San (222), Cao Pi made a personal expedition and divided the troops into three ways to attack Wu. Zhang Liao and his generals defeated Lu Fanjun, the general of Wu Dong, and died in the army.
9. Zhuge Liang
Eight feet long, with a face like a crown jade, wearing a black silk scarf and a crane, it looks like a fairy. In addition, the novel also mentions in other chapters that Zhuge Liang often took a feather fan and rode in a four-wheeled vehicle after he took charge of Liu Bei's army. In short, the stereotype of Zhuge Liang's appearance in the novel is: wearing a black silk scarf, wearing a crane, holding a feather fan, and sometimes riding a four-wheeled vehicle.
Do your best. After death, 54 people (465,438+0.5%) did what they knew they couldn't do, 8 people (6.2%) practiced frugality to support morality, 2 people (65,438+0.5%) had no complaints despite the harsh criminal law, and 6 people (4.6%) advised Ye Ming with a clear conscience (education is the main thing). Skilled in thinking, good at inventing and creating 7(5.4%) essays, 0(0%) excellent, cautious and not impulsive, 3(2.3%) kind and meticulous, not appreciative, evil without fiber 1(0.8%), realistic, 2( 1.5%). Mastering everything 6(4.6%), outstanding eloquence 1(0.8%), intensive study of metaphysics 1(0.8%) has its own unique aesthetic view, talent and kindness = beauty 1 1(8.5%), and the selection of talents can pay more attention to morality.
10. Sun Quan
The Historical Evaluation of Sun Quan
◆ Chen Shou: "Sun Quan bowed his head and endured humiliation, and his talents are still counted. There is a wonder of Gou Jian, and the British are outstanding. Therefore, I can be good at Jiang Biao and become a career. But the nature is too taboo, fruit is killing, and it is very nourishing at the end of the year. As for "traveling" and "three-dimensional heir", what is the so-called "giving Jue Sun Mou Yan Ji to him"? Later, Ye Ling arrived late, so he returned to China, probably not because of this. "
◆ Liu Bei: Sun Qi is long, short and difficult. I can't see him anymore. Yangshan gongzai chicken
Cao Cao: Give birth to a child like Sun Zhongmou. Wu Li
19 years old, Sun Quan succeeded his brother Sun Ce, who was defeated by Huang Zu in Jiangdong. After Wu Dong joined forces with Liu Bei, Cao was defeated by Cao Jun in Battle of Red Cliffs. Soochow later fought Cao near Hefei, retaken Jingzhou from Liu Bei, killed Guan Yu and shattered Liu Bei's crusade army. After Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor, Sun Quan proclaimed himself emperor to the north first, then Jianwu proclaimed himself emperor and moved to Jianye.
Sun Quan is decisive and brave. He used to be very calm when he was exploring Wei Jun's lineup. Wei Jun's bows and arrows were all shot, and the arrows were concentrated on one side of the ship. Sun Quan ordered the boat to turn around, and then it was hit by an arrow on the other side. It was not until the arrows were aligned and the boat was flat that it sailed back safely. He is quite talented in "reading and passing on history". He once wrote to Cao Cao and said, "Spring water can only be born. Go to your first step quickly and don't die. Not alone. " The word 16 is of great significance.
In the 13th year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 208), Cao Cao defeated Liu Biao and won Jingzhou in an attempt to destroy Wu in one fell swoop. He claimed to Sun Quan: "Today, 800,000 Fang Zhi Water Army will treat the cat in Wu." Sun Quan was not intimidated by Cao Cao's aggressiveness. He resolutely adopted Lu Su's suggestion and made an alliance with Liu Bei. In the famous Battle of Red Cliffs, he defeated Cao Jun with fire attack tactics, which laid a tripartite confrontation between the three countries.
Sun Quan sized up the situation and considered choosing a suitable political center again. In the sixteenth year of Jian 'an (AD 2 1 1), after listening to the opinions of all parties, he resolutely decided to move the capital from Jingkou (now Zhenjiang) to Moling (now Nanjing) and build Shicheng in Shishi Mountain. The following year, Moling was changed to Jianye. In the second year of Huang Chu (AD 2 1 1), it was renamed Wuchang because it competed with Liu Bei for Jingzhou, and in order to direct the war against Shu, Sun Yicheng in Jingzhou was the political center. In April of the first year of Huanglong (AD 229), Sun Quan proclaimed himself emperor in Wuchang. In September of the same year, the capital moved back from Wuchang to "the boat and car are convenient and the risks are endless: the fields are loose and there are losses; A company that can enter and fight, retreat and defend. In this way, Sun Quan created the capital history of Nanjing.
Sun Quan plans to build Jianye Capital, which is 20 miles around the city, 19 steps. Jianye City, Shitou Town and Danyang County outside the city all have magnificent Miyagi and government offices, houses and temples, and all have markets with concentrated population and prosperous business. Jianye, founded by Sun Quan, became a real city in ancient times and laid the foundation for the future development of Nanjing.
Sun Quan has made great contributions to the development of Jianye and even the whole Jiangnan area. He took many measures to encourage the development of production. He "personally recovered the land" and replaced eight cattle used for driving with farm cattle to show his support for agricultural production. He also ordered that the official official be forbidden to recruit farmers to take corvee when they are busy at home, so as to ensure the construction of water conservancy during the production period, dredge and expand the Qinhuai River waterway, and open up Pogangdu, Du Yun, Dongqu and Chaogou. At that time, there were thousands of skilled handicraft workers in Jianye City, engaged in silk weaving, smelting and casting. Sun Quan also developed navigation, sending generals Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhi to Yizhou (now Taiwan Province Province), sending envoys to Liaodong Peninsula and Hainan countries, and some envoys to Koguryo, Funan (now Cambodia), Lin Yi (now central Vietnam) and Nanyang Islands. In 247 AD, Jianchu Temple was also built for Buddhist monks in the Western Regions, which was the first Buddhist temple in Jinling.
Sun Quan ruled Jiangdong for 5 1 year. His life was the golden age of Wu's entrepreneurship. In his later years, Sun Deng, a talented prince, unfortunately died young, and his other sons fought for the throne, which greatly weakened Wu. In the second year of Taiyuan (AD 252), Sun Quan, an outstanding politician living east of the Yangtze River, died in disappointment. 7 1 year-old, buried in the Yang of Jiangshan (now Meihua Mountain in Zijin Mountain). 1 1. Zhou Yu
Zhou Yu befriended Sun Ce since childhood, and Sun Ce swept Jiangdong when Yuan Shu rose. Then I went back to guard Danyang. Yuan Shu admired Zhou Yu's talent and wanted to hire Zhou Yu as a general, but Zhou Yu refused on the grounds that Yuan Shu could not achieve great things. Later, he tried to find Sun Ce as a corps commander, and Sun Ce treated him very well. At the same time, he married Er Qiao, who is known as the "national color", and became his brother-in-law. After Sun Ce's assassination, Zhou Yu and Zhang Zhao assisted Sun Quan together and took charge of the military and political affairs for the Central Guard. In Battle of Red Cliffs, he argued with Cao Cao and commanded the whole army to join forces with Cao Jun in Wulin, winning. After Battle of Red Cliffs, Zhou Yu advised Sun Quan to appease Liu Bei in Wu Jun and kill his will with beautiful women and playthings, but Sun Quan did not adopt it. Sun Quan later adopted Zhou Yu's suggestion and planned to send troops to capture Shu, destroy Zhang Lu and then destroy Cao Cao. Zhou Yu died in Baling while preparing for war in Gangneung at the age of 36. Sun Quan once mourned for his plain clothes. Zhou Yu was cheerful and generous, and won Wayne significantly. Be proficient in melody, even if you are drunk, you can hear melody errors.
12. Ma Chao (175-222), Mengzi, male. Known as "Ma Jin Chao", Fufeng Maoling (now northeast of Xingping, Shaanxi) was a noble family, and he was a Shu general in the Three Kingdoms. His father, Marten, kept his name. After General Han, his father, Ma Su, was named Zi Shuo. When Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty was a county commandant in Tianshui, he lost his official position in Longxi and married the girl Marten. Therefore, Ma Chao has a quarter of Qiang descent.
Respondent: jbr Pb- first grade of probation 12-2 10:48.
Zhuge Liang is wise and loyal. Do your best until you die.
Liu Bei is very kind.
Cao Cao is suspicious.
Zhang Fei is coarse and fine, and has a bad temper.
Guan Yu Xinyi
Huang Zhong is strong in his old age.
Zhao Yun is very brave.
Lu Su is honest and honest.
Zhou Yu is narrow-minded
Lyu3 bu4 is meaningless and is called the slave of the three surnames.