In the process of strengthening the autocratic centralized political system, we should not only overcome the contradiction between the central and local governments, but also overcome the contradiction between monarchical power and relative power. The Sui Dynasty implemented the system of three provinces and six ministries, and dispersed the power of the former prime minister in three provinces and six ministries. This new measure was inherited and developed by the Tang Dynasty, thus perfecting centralization. The imperial examination system since Sui and Tang Dynasties also adapted to the development of the political system at that time. The implementation of the three provinces and six departments system and the perfection of the imperial examination system.
After the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty, Song Taizu learned the lessons of the separatist regime in the buffer region since the end of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, accepted Zhao Pu's suggestion, and took measures such as "a glass of wine to disarm and return to the field", recovered the military power of the generals in the DPRK and our army, restored the local administrative, military and financial power to the central government, and prevented the emergence of local separatist forces. This strengthened the discussion in the central government, but it also caused some adverse consequences, leading to the formation of a huge bureaucracy and a huge army in the Northern Song Dynasty, which led to.
The Yuan Dynasty achieved great national unity. In order to strengthen feudal rule and jurisdiction over the vast territory, Zhongshu Province was established. Implementing the provincial system in local areas is not only a successful attempt to consolidate a unified multi-ethnic country in the Yuan Dynasty, but also a new measure to strengthen centralization. It is a major development of the ancient county system and has a far-reaching impact on future generations.
After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, in order to deal with the relationship between monarch and minister and the relationship between the central and local governments, the prime minister was abolished in the central government and the power was divided into six parts, which ended the prime minister system since the Qin Dynasty. The establishment of three departments in local provinces further weakened local power. The establishment of factories and health secret service agencies again and again in the Ming Dynasty and the recruitment of talented people with stereotyped writing are outstanding manifestations of the strengthening of absolutism. The Qing Dynasty followed the Ming system, followed by the Ministry of Military Affairs, and set up a literary inquisition in Daxing, which made China's autocratic and centralized political system reach its peak.
Authoritarianism is based on feudal economy. The dispersion of feudal economy needs strong centralization to maintain national unity and social stability, thus ensuring the development of feudal economy. In order to maintain its rule, the feudal landlord class needed strong political power to suppress the peasants' resistance and consolidate its ruling position. Scattered individual small farmers also need strong political power to stabilize society, resist foreign enemies and fight against major disasters.
The centralization of absolutism is compatible with the feudal mode of production in China. As the management system of the feudal country, it undertook two national functions: on the one hand, it oppressed, exploited and suppressed the people; On the other hand, it also plays a role in organizing public affairs.
Its historical role is: promoting the formation and development of a unified multi-ethnic country, consolidating national unity, creating conditions for the development of feudal economy, and also facilitating national integration, so that China has produced material civilization and spiritual civilization higher than other countries in the world at the same time. But it also strengthened the control over the people and affected the free and lively development of politics, economy and culture. This system often depends on the personal politics of the monarch. Because the emperor's personal factors had a great influence on the political situation, various contradictions and struggles within the ruling group (eunuch dictatorship, clique struggle, consorts interfering in politics, etc.). ) can be said to be a by-product of centralized absolutism. Its negative effects became more and more serious in the late feudal society, especially after the Ming and Qing Dynasties, which hindered the embryonic development of capitalism and social change, imprisoned people's thoughts and caused the stagnation of productive forces. This is also an important political reason for the long-term stagnation of feudal society in China.
This is the direction I took in the development of ancient history