Development trend: from self-sufficient feudal small-scale peasant economy to capitalist commodity economy economically, from feudal imperial power to democracy and rule of law politically.

After the Second Opium War, with the deepening of the economic aggression of the great powers, the self-sufficient small-scale peasant economy in the Qing Dynasty gradually collapsed, and many farmers and craftsmen went bankrupt, creating a market and sufficient labor force for the emergence of national capitalism.

Under these social backgrounds, some bureaucrats, landlords and businessmen have invested in modern enterprises, and some old workshops and handicraft workshops have also begun to adopt machine production. At the end of 1960s, about 19, the earliest commercial national capitalist enterprise in modern China was born.

Politically, it led to the emergence and development of the national bourgeoisie, provided the social foundation for the reform movement and the democratic revolutionary movement, and also led to the growth of the proletariat, which prepared the class conditions for the new-democratic revolution and the establishment of China.

Extended data:

Modernization, also known as modernization, is marked by economic industrialization and political democratization, and its core is industrialization, which is the necessary stage for human society to transform from a traditional agricultural society to a modern industrial society. Among them, economic industrialization is fundamental.

Under the double oppression of foreign capitalism and domestic feudalism, China's modern national industry experienced the ups and downs of Chinese national capitalist enterprises. It has both contradictions and connections with foreign capitalism and domestic feudalism.

Need to rely on foreign countries in machinery and technology; It is also necessary to apply for asylum from the government to alleviate oppression. If the enterprise is located in the concession, it will hire foreigners as managers and directors, or use the name of foreign businessmen to alleviate the oppression of the government.

Some seek the protection of the imperial court, donate officials to become red-crowned crane businessmen, or get in touch with politicians and seek the support of enlightened bureaucrats. This is also an important reason why the development of national enterprises is faltering.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Modern History of China