The establishment of the sui dynasty 1. The establishment of sui dynasty
In 58 1 year, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty seized the Northern Zhou regime, established the Sui Dynasty, and made Chang 'an its capital.
2. The unification of the Sui Dynasty
Time: In 589, the Sui Dynasty destroyed Chen and unified the north and south.
Reasons: ① After a long period of division and war, the people long for reunification.
(2) Great ethnic integration in the north and economic development in the south of the Yangtze River.
(3) The Sui Dynasty managed vigorously, and its national strength was strong; The Chen dynasty ruled corruptly and its national strength was weak.
Significance: It ended the long-term division and achieved unity, laying the foundation for the prosperity and development of economy and culture in Sui and Tang Dynasties.
3. The economic prosperity of the Sui Dynasty-Emperor rule
(1) Performance: population surge, cultivated land expansion and abundant granaries.
(2) the reason
(1) National unity and social stability;
(2) Emperor Wendi vigorously developed production;
The ruler advocates thrift.
(3) During the reign of Emperor Wendi, the country was unified and stable, the people's burden was light, and the economy flourished. Historically, the rule of Emperor Wen was called "the rule of opening the emperor".
Cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries in the Tang Dynasty I. Sending envoys to the Tang Dynasty
1. Meaning: In the Tang Dynasty, in order to learn the advanced culture of China, the Japanese sent envoys to China, which was then called "sending envoys to the Tang Dynasty".
2. Overview: Japan sent more than a dozen envoys to the Tang Dynasty, with a maximum of more than 500 at a time, accompanied by many foreign students and monks studying abroad.
3. Contribution: Sending the advanced system, astronomical calendar, characters, classics, calligraphy art and architectural technology of the Tang Dynasty back to Japan has had a far-reaching impact on the development of Japanese society.
Second, Jian Zhen Du Dong.
1. Reason: Accepting the invitation of Japanese monks.
2. Process: In 754, Jian Zhen arrived in Japan for the sixth time. He taught Buddhist scriptures in Japan and also spread China's medicine, literature, calligraphy, architecture and painting.
3. Significance: It has made outstanding contributions to the cultural exchange between China and Japan.
Third, Xuanzang went west.
1. Time: Early years of Zhenguan.
2. Process: Xuanzang arrived in Tianzhu after a long journey of four years. He visited famous temples, studied Buddhism and returned to Chang 'an with a large number of Buddhist scriptures.
3. Contribution: Great contribution has been made to the development of Buddhism in China. The Records of the Western Regions of Datang, dictated by him, records the landscapes and social customs of more than 100 countries and regions he visited, and is a precious document for studying the history of exchanges between China and foreign countries.
Thinking: What are the characteristics of foreign exchanges in the Tang Dynasty? What is the reason for the active foreign exchange in the Tang Dynasty? What does it bring us?
Features: ① Active foreign contacts, and contacts with some countries in Asia, Africa and Europe. (2) The Tang government encouraged businessmen from all over the world to trade in China and allowed them to live in China for a long time. Chang 'an, Luoyang, Guangzhou, Yangzhou and other places have frequent foreign trade activities. (4) The Tang Dynasty enjoyed a high reputation in the world, and all countries called China a "Tang man".
Reasons: ① the country is stable and unified; (2) economic and cultural prosperity; ③ Opening-up policy; (4) Foreign traffic is developed.
Enlightenment: First, we must have a stable political situation and adhere to the policy of opening to the outside world. Second, improve their own quality and strive to develop economy and culture. Third, learn from the broad mind of the Tang Dynasty, while spreading advanced culture, we should be good at absorbing its essence for our use.
A Brief Introduction to Southern Economic Development in Song Dynasty (1) Agriculture in South China has made great progress. Rice jumped to the top of food crops in Song Dynasty. Cotton planting area expanded to the Yangtze River basin. Tea planting has also made great progress.
(2) The handicraft industry in the south is prosperous. The silk industry is superior to the north. During the Southern Song Dynasty, the cotton textile industry had developed to the southeast coastal areas. Jiangnan area has become the focus of China porcelain industry; Shipbuilding in Song Dynasty ranked first in the world at that time.
(3) The handicraft industry in the south was developed, including commercial cities such as Kaifeng and Hangzhou, and foreign trade ports such as Guangzhou and Quanzhou, and it was an important country engaged in overseas trade at that time.
An Shi Rebellion 1. BACKGROUND: After the last years of the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, he pursued pleasure and cronyism, and his political affairs became increasingly corrupt. An Lushan, the frontier general, became our envoy to john young and other three places, shouldering the heavy responsibility of defending the Northeast and gradually expanding his power.
2. Outbreak: In 755, An Lushan used the imperial court as an excuse to launch a rebellion with Shi Siming as a traitor, which was called "An Shi Rebellion" in history.
3. Impact: It has caused great damage to social economy, especially in the northern region. Since then, the national situation in the Tang Dynasty has turned from prosperity to decline, and various contradictions have become more and more acute. The decline of the central power in the Tang Dynasty gradually formed a situation of separatist regime in the buffer regions.
Knowledge points in Ming and Qing dynasties 1. The secret service of the Ming Dynasty: Zhu Yuanzhang set up a Royal Guards, and Judy set up an East Factory to inspect the investigation objects. According to the regulations of the Ming government, the imperial examination can only be put forward within the scope of the four books and five classics, and the style of the answer sheet must be divided into eight parts, which is called "eight-part essay"
2. In the early Ming Dynasty, Emperor Chengzu of Ming Dynasty (Judy) sent Zheng He to the Western Ocean from 1405- 1433 for seven times, reaching as far as the Red Sea coast and the east coast of Africa. He is a great navigator in the history of China and the world.
3. At the end of Ming Dynasty, Nuerhachi, the outstanding leader of Jurchen, unified the ministries of Jurchen. 16 16 years, Nurhachi became Khan by himself, with the title of Jin, which was called Houjin in history. Moved the capital to Shenyang and later renamed Shengjing.
4. At the end of Ming Dynasty (1624), Dutch colonists occupied Taiwan Province Province, the treasure island of China. In 16 1 year, Zheng Chenggong led his troops into Taiwan Province province. At the beginning of 1662, the Dutch colonists were forced to surrender, and Taiwan Province Province returned to the embrace of the motherland. Zheng Chenggong is a national hero in the history of our country. Zheng Chenggong set up counties in Taiwan Province Province to strengthen management.
5. Taiji inherited the Khan position and renamed the Jurchen nationality Manchuria. 1636, proclaimed himself emperor in Shengjing, and changed "Jin" to Qing. 1644 moved the capital to Beijing to rule the country and level the world.
6. In order to strengthen the absolute monarchy, the Ministry of War was established, and the King's Conference existed in name only, but was cancelled during the Qianlong period. The establishment of the military department marked the further strengthening of the centralization of feudal monarchy in China.