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Ren Gong Jieji. Willing to save the crisis often helps to save the emergency. This is for Chunyu. This newspaper specializes in alms bowls. Shandong Mayu. Words.
On September 2 10, the class took an examination of the Eight Tower. Now, Yang Zibo of Baoguang has a poem to record his story, and he also gives a poem.
Song Guoyin
The majestic world is waiting for Bodhi Township. Insects and plants, each emitting infinite light. And the feeling of Buddha is bright.
3. On the pillow, there are homonyms between multiple tracks.
Song Wang Mai
Firecrackers are moderately busy, and pepper cups are exchanged for chunyang. I owe books, Yuan and Sun Shen tea posts, and watch a puppet show in the New Year.
Kang Yongnian, a soldier with the rank of Yu Bing, tried to return to agriculture one after another before he was sixty-one, and gave him a little discipline because of his ambition.
teacher
If you don't act as an official, Yu Bing is Zhi Zhi. Bow your head and feel ashamed.
2. Are there any sentences in The Analects that describe the rank of men and women? Yes, but they are not good. Not all the sentences in The Analects are good, so we should accept criticism.
"It's hard to raise a female villain. If you are near, you won't have grandchildren. If you are far away, you will complain." (The Analects of Confucius Yang Huo).
Quote the Analects of Confucius and only note the title. ) is widely regarded as the argument that Confucius despises women and manual workers.
Even overseas people who sincerely respect Confucius find it difficult to say it, and they say helplessly, "Confucius is wrong." Confucius is a historical figure, although he stood in the position of human beings and transcended the limitations of the times and classes from the height of history; But after all, he lives in reality and cannot but be influenced by reality.
What he said, not only today, but also at that time, could not be "every sentence is the truth." Even then, some words were obviously wrong.
For example, "Ye Gong said to Confucius,' Our party is straight, its father is busy with sheep, and its son is a witness.' Confucius said:' The straightness of our Party is different.
The father is the son, and the son is the father, straight in it. "("Lutz ") does not conform to the spirit of Confucius' thought.
The Book of Filial Piety written by Ceng Zi's disciples was revised: "Ceng Zi asked Confucius," Is it filial to dare to ask your son to obey his father's orders? Confucius said,' What is it? What is this? In the past, the son of heaven had seven ministers who fought for power and profit. Although he can't help it, he hasn't lost his world ... If his father had a competitive son, he wouldn't fall into injustice. So, when you are unjust, you can't argue with your father ... so when you are unjust, you can argue with it.
How to be filial according to the father's orders? (admonition) Zhao Qi, a Confucian scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty, noted in Mencius' Zhang Sentences that "there are three kinds of unfilial, and there will be no major events afterwards" ("Mencius' Li Zhi"): "There are three gifts of unfilial: that is, A Yiqu is unjust and obedient to his relatives, and one is also; Poor and old-age, not for Lu, second; Never marry, never have children, and never be worshipped by your ancestors. Among the three, there is nothing bigger than this. "
(Quoted from Notes to Thirteen Classics) This kind of anti-economic understanding was very systematic and complete by Xunzi. Xunzi said, "Treat him as a filial piety and a younger brother." Up and down, people are in the middle; People are great if they follow the Tao, the monarch, the righteousness and the father.
..... There are three reasons why dutiful sons don't do it: they are in danger, they are in danger, and they are unwilling to do it. Obedience is humiliating, disobedience is glorious and disobedience is just.
Obedience is an animal, disobedience is a modification, and disobedience is a respect for a dutiful son. Therefore, it is impossible to be disobedient and not a child; If you can't follow this, you are indifferent.
Knowing the meaning of never obeying, but being respectful, faithful and cautious can be described as great filial piety. Chuanyue: Also known as "following the Tao, not following the monarch, not following the righteousness, not following the father". "
Confucius rebuked Zi Gong, saying that "a son is filial from his father, and a minister is loyal from his monarch" and that "I don't know the way of a villain" (Xunzi Zidao). Biography of Confucius and Mencius seems to be quietly but actively correcting the mistakes of Confucius and Old Master Q, while vulgar Confucianism has developed into "three taboos" for venerable persons, relatives and sages.
Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, it comes down to a taboo: taboo for the monarch, not only for the faults of the monarch, but also for the merits and demerits of the ministers: all merits belong to the holiness of the son of heaven, and all faults are the sins of the subjects. To this day, he is still regarded as a great politician.
Confucius said that "the son is the father's secret" is wrong, but "gentleman Confucianism" corrected it, which violated the economic and trade principles and inherited and developed Confucius' thought; However, the vicious development of "Little Confucianism" deviated from Confucian classics and distorted and corrupted Confucius' thought. The fate of the sentence "Only women are difficult to raise" is even worse: Confucius is not wrong and has been completely distorted or misunderstood by future generations intentionally or unintentionally. According to logical analysis, if "only" is an adverb, it is always common to say "only, only".
This is how Mr. Yang Bojun translated The Analects of Confucius. It means: only "little women" are difficult to raise.
But only "little women" are difficult to raise, not all "little women" are difficult to raise. This sentence is a proposition of proper name rather than full name.
The word "Wei" can also be used as an modal particle at the beginning of a sentence. In this way, the meaning of this sentence is "ah, women are hard to raise!" " Although this is not a declarative sentence, it obviously summarizes something and can be regarded as a full-name proposition. But from the analysis of its meaning, it is actually a special proposition.
The first sentence is argumentation, and the second sentence is argumentation: "If you are near, you will not have grandchildren, but if you are far away, you will complain", which is the reason and expression of "little women" and the definition of "little women" mentioned by Confucius: not all little women are difficult to support, but "if you are near, you will have grandchildren, but if you are far away, you will complain". The word "woman" mentioned by Confucius is not the same as a woman. The word "woman" is nothing more than a woman who "has no children and grandchildren if she is near, but resents if she is far away".
Similarly, the "villain" is not a manual worker among men, but a man who is "not a grandson if he is near, but resentful if he is far away". From the above analysis, it can be seen that neither "women" nor "villains" refer to all women and manual workers.
Unfortunately, Mohist and famous scholars who paid attention to logic in ancient China declined after Qin and Han Dynasties, which led to the underdevelopment of China's traditional cultural logic thought since Qin and Han Dynasties. Scholars who study western logic in modern times are too eager to learn old chapters at critical times and are content to impose the charges of contempt for women and working people on Confucius.
The Analects of Confucius is a Confucius quotation recited by Confucius disciples and redisseminators. It is a summary of experience, not a statement of rational logic. It has no inference process, omits the language environment, generalizes words under certain conditions and gives them universal meaning. Therefore, later generations look for meaning from the text, take what they need, or explain and quote according to their own needs. For example, Confucius said, "I have never seen such a good virtue as a good color", which was repeated in Zi Han and Wei Linggong.
According to Historical Records Confucius Family, this sentence was said after Zi met Nanzi. Very vivid. Wei Linggong's favorite concubine, Nanzi, was not satisfied with seeing Confucius, but she also showed off publicly to improve her opinion.
Confucius "lived in Yue Wei, Gong Ling and his wife rode in the same car, and Guan Yongqu took part in it, so that Confucius could ride two times and show off the city." Confucius said,' I have never seen the virtue of lewdness.
So ugly, to defend. "So we can conclude that the language environment of this sentence.
However, the chapter of "Forever Night" recorded the story of "seeing Nanzi". I guess "only women are hard to raise" was probably said after this incident.
They all mean: "woman" is Nanzi, "villain" refers to lewd Wei Linggong, and "difficult to raise" is aimed at them both: difficult to get along with and difficult to raise. Later generations are limited to "villains" who are manual workers, and those in power are "kings".
3. What are the levels of poets from low to high? I can summarize them into the following four realms.
Low-level "utilitarian realm". Performance: pretentious, fishing for fame, writing poetry for fame, money, women.
Intermediate "moral realm". Performance: altruism for the public, love their jobs, worry about the country and the people, and hate diseases.
Advanced "realm of heaven and earth". It is manifested as: recognizing that heaven and earth coexist with me, everything is one with me, being worthy of the world, loving the world, being calm, simple and ignorant, being wise and ignorant, and interacting with heaven and earth alone.
The top "natural realm". It is manifested as: tacit understanding and innocence, ignorance of physics, wonderful harmony with human nature, harmony with heaven and earth, harmony with the sun and the moon, harmony with the four seasons, harmony with the good and bad of ghosts and gods, unwillingness to think, unwillingness to think, happiness in knowing destiny, and doing what you want without crossing the line.
American Maslow divides human needs into five levels, from low to high: physiological needs, security needs, social needs, respect needs and self-realization needs. This classic theory is connected with the above four realms, and it needs to determine the nature of the soul, while the character determines the quality of poetry.
Therefore, the poet has four levels accordingly:
Low-level "vulgar poet": despised by people in the realm of utility.
Intermediate "sad poet": respected in the moral field. They are heroes who can best represent the conscience of the world, but they are not masters in terms of artistic achievements.
Senior "elegant poet": admired in the realm of heaven and earth.
Top "natural poet": in the realm of nature, people love him.
4. The question of the poet's grade Hello, this is not graded, but the title given by the poet's work intention and people's taste before, 1, poetry bone-Chen Ziang.
His poems are full of passion, lofty style and "Han and Wei style", and are known as "poetic bones".
2. Poet-Wang Bo
His poems are fluent, generous and unique, and are called "outstanding poets"
3. Poetic fanaticism-He Zhangzhi
Open-minded, calling himself "Siming fanatic" Because his poems are bold and unrestrained, he is called "poetry mad".
4. The Seven Wonders of Paradise of the Poet Wang Changling.
His four-line poem "Feeling Deep and Suffering, Writing Style Obscure" was rated as "the poet's son of heaven".
5. Poet Fairy-Li Bai
Poetry is rich and peculiar in imagination, bold and unrestrained in style, colorful, fresh and natural in language, and is known as the "Poet Fairy".
6. Poet Saint Du Fu
His poems are closely related to current events and have profound thoughts. Broad realm, known as the "poet".
7. Poet prisoner-Meng Jiao
Poetry is painstakingly dedicated and poorly managed, and there is no good problem. It was once called "poetry prisoner".
8. Poetry slave-Jia Dao
I have been writing poems all my life, and I like to lament, so I call it a "poem slave".
9. Poet-Liu Yuxi
His poems are calm and dignified, and his style is natural and rough. Bai Juyi gave him the reputation of "great poet".
10, Shi Fo-Wang Wei
This title not only has the Buddhist meaning and religious tendency in Wang Wei's poems, but also expresses the affirmation of Wang Wei's lofty position in the Tang Dynasty.
1 1, the poet magic-Bai Juyi
Bai Juyi works hard in writing poems, as he himself said: "The meaning of drunkenness is not in wine, and the meaning of drunkenness is not in wine, so he worries about the west in the afternoon." Excessive reading and writing lead to tongue and finger pain. Therefore, it is called "poet magic".
12, Wuyan Great Wall-Liu Changqing
He is good at five-character poems, which account for 78% of all his poems and are called "Five-character Great Wall".
13, Shi Gui-Li He
His poems are good at casting words, galloping imagination, and using myths and legends to create colorful images, which is called "Shi Gui".
14, Du Weizi-Du Mu
He once wrote Wei Zihua, which is a lyric of things and praises himself with flowers. He called it "Du Weizi".
15, Wen Bajiao-Wen
He has great wit. Every time he takes an exam, the eight-pronged hand becomes eight rhymes, and he is called "Wen Bajiao".
16，Zhegu Zheng-Zheng Gu
It is famous for "Partridge Poetry", so it is called "Partridge Zheng".
17, Cui Yuanyang-Cui Jue
Fu's Poem of Yuanyang has a unique style and is called "Cuiyuanyang".
18, Poet Fairy-Su Shi
Su Shi's poems are free, fresh, vigorous and unique, and are called poetic immortals.
5. Describe the level of poetry as a mirror, the moon is lifted like a mirror, and the sea clouds twinkle like a palace.
The reflection of the moon in the water is like a sky mirror flying down from the sky. Clouds rise and change endlessly, forming a mirage.
Jingmen farewell
Lipper
Sail from Jingmen Ferry, and soon you will be with southerners.
At the end of the mountain range and the beginning of the plain, the river winds through the wilderness.
The moon rises like a mirror, and the sea clouds twinkle like palaces.
The water brings you the feeling of home and makes your boat travel 300 miles.
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Interpretation of poetry
I have been to Jingmen to visit Chu from afar. With the appearance of low-lying Yuan Ye, the mountains gradually disappeared. Rivers run in the endless Yuan Ye. The reflection of the moon in the water is like a sky mirror flying down from the sky. Clouds rise and change endlessly, forming a mirage. I still cherish the water in my hometown, flowing through Wan Li to send me on a long voyage.
words explanation
Far: Far from it.
Jiang: The Yangtze River.
Down: Move down.
Phantom: A mirage.
Still: often.
Appreciation of poetry and prose
The poet crossed Jingmen far away, looking at a magnificent school of great rivers and mountains, and his heart was bold and unrestrained. Expressed his mind and enterprising spirit, full of energy and high spirits. The first three sections of this poem describe the wonderful scenery the poet saw when he crossed Jingmen Mountain. The last couplet is about the poet's homesickness when he is enjoying the scenery around Jingmen and facing the surging river flowing through his hometown. The poet didn't directly say that he missed his hometown, but said that the water in his hometown sent me all the way to travel, which showed his homesickness more and more from the negative writing.
The whole poem is magnificent in imagination, lofty in artistic conception and full of the brilliance of life.
First, the bright moon in the water is like a round mirror to set off the calm of the river, and then the clouds in the sky form a mirage to set off the vastness of the river bank and the height of the sky. By changing the scenery, the poet describes the close-up and long-term view of the Yangtze River from different angles, which is brilliant and artistic.