According to the Records of Ningbo Prefecture, Cixi County and Guobao Temple, Guobao Temple was founded in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Because it is located halfway up Lingshan Mountain, it is named Lingshan Temple. Its back pillow trade peak, left auxiliary trunk, right Bi lion rock, secluded hall, hidden corridor. In the fifth year of Tang Huichang (845), the Buddhist temple was destroyed. In the first year of Guangming (880), it was rebuilt and renamed as Guobao Temple. In the second year of Song Zhiping (1065), it was renamed as Jingjinyuan, and later renamed as Guobao Temple.
Guobao Temple is famous far and near, and its exquisite architectural technology is amazing. Guobao Temple was originally composed of buildings such as Shanmen and Tianwangtang. The existing Daxiong Hall was rebuilt in the sixth year of the Northern Song Dynasty (10 13). It is the oldest and best-preserved wooden Buddhist building in Jiangnan, with unique structure and magnificent momentum. In the 23rd year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1684), double eaves were added, which became the formation of Xieding Mountain. The Millennium Hall, as great as ever, is a wonderful flower of China's architectural culture, with high historical, artistic and scientific value. Its main features are: the depth of plane layout (13.38m) is greater than the width (11.83m), and it is a vertical rectangle; Three hollow algae wells are beautifully placed on the ceiling of the front trough; Complex barrel arch structure; [Four-section joint] is a melon-shaped, and the column has obvious side feet; The cross beam and the partition are made in the form of a moon beam with two shoulders rolling braking. These are close to or consistent with the "architectural style" of the Song Dynasty, inheriting some architectural heritages of the Tang Dynasty and providing valuable examples for the study of architecture in the Song Dynasty.
In addition to the "wonder" of wood structure, Guobao Temple has another "wonder", that is, there are no birds nesting, spider silk hanging beams in every corner of the hall, and there is no erosion by insects and ants. It turns out that there is a yellow juniper in the building materials of the main hall, which has a pungent smell and emits a smell that scares birds and insects. There is also a saying that birds and insects are driven away by the sound wave vibration caused by special building structures.
Others are mostly Qing Dynasty buildings. 1983 moved into three halls of Ming dynasty, 1984 moved into two classic buildings of Tang dynasty. Now Guobao Temple has become a wooden building complex in Tang, Song, Ming, Qing and Republic of China. Covering an area of 13000 square meters, with a building area of over 6000 square meters. The five buildings, namely, the Mountain Gate, the Heavenly King Hall, the Ursa Hall, the Guanyin Hall and the Tibetan Classics Building, are arranged in sequence on the central axis, and the east-west axis is the bell tower, drum tower, guest room and other ancillary buildings. 196 1 In March, the State Council listed Guobao Temple as a national key cultural relics protection unit.
Guobao Temple has a long history. According to legend, Zhang Yi, a title of generals in ancient times, and Zhang Qifang, his son Zhong Shulang, loved the beautiful scenery here and lived in seclusion. Buddhism was introduced and the house was built into a temple. Because it is on Lingshan Mountain, it was named Lingshan Temple first. In the fifth year of Tang Huichang (845), the Buddha and the temple were destroyed. In the first year of Tang Guangming (880), it was rebuilt and renamed as Guobao Temple. Guobao Temple is not famous for its religious temples, but because our ancestors were amazing for their exquisite architectural techniques a thousand years ago. The essence of Guobao Temple, Daxiong Hall or Infinite Hall, was rebuilt in the sixth year of the Northern Song Dynasty (10 13), which is one of the oldest and most well-preserved wooden structures in the south of the Yangtze River. In the twenty-third year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty, double eaves were built around it, which became the form of double eaves resting on the top of the mountain.
Why is it called Wuliang Store? In fact, the hall has beams, but it is blocked by algae wells and smallpox. On the other hand, it is related to homophonic, and it is a kind of infinite life Buddha. The main hall building is unique: (1) the plane layout is deeper than the width and is rectangular; (2) Three hollowed-out algae wells are beautifully placed on the ceiling of the front trough; (3) The complicated bucket structure is adopted, and the bucket and the Ang are skillfully connected by tenon and mortise, without a nail, so that the whole hall is stable and ingenious, and the wind resistance and earthquake resistance are good; (4) The design of the column is even more ingenious, and the appearance is melon-shaped. Four small columns in the center of the column are spliced and wrapped with four battens, which not only saves wood, but also does not affect the firmness and has a beautiful appearance. The column has obvious lateral feet. (5) asymmetry. The stigma on the west side of the Buddhist platform in the main hall is a square barrel, and the stigma on the east side is a round stone barrel; There are four jumps in the east and five jumps in the west.
The main hall of Guobao Temple has high architectural history, art and scientific value. It is a typical architectural style in Song Dynasty, which embodies the unique architectural style and high level of mechanical research at that time. Therefore, in the records of Guobao Temple, there are many predecessors' poems: "Aoshan is ancient, the palace is strangely constructed", "Ascending bucket _ people are extremely clever, and auspicious symbols will last forever." Appreciate the grandeur and novelty of the hall structure.
The mystery of the hall is that birds are not born, mice are not allowed in, spiders do not weave webs, and there is no dust on the beams. What is the reason? Some of them can be explained by the smell of building materials, while others can be explained by structure and air convection. There is no conclusion yet, which needs to be discussed.
This ancient temple is famous for its architecture. It is an ancient architectural complex in the Han Dynasty (a title of generals in ancient times), the Tang Dynasty (a classic building), the Song Dynasty (a hall without beams), the Ming Dynasty (a smoke-welcoming building), the Qing Dynasty (the Heavenly King Hall, the Guanyin Hall, the Bell Tower and the Drum Tower) and the Republic of China (a sutra-storing building). Covering an area of 20,000 square meters, the building is magnificent and the internal collection is unusual. There is a *** 17 exhibition room in the temple, which is open to the public all the year round. There are exhibitions of scientific and technological inventions and discoveries in the 20th century, art exhibitions of Guanyin statues in past dynasties, international friendship gifts exhibitions, Mingzhou Wedding Custom Museum, bronze ware exhibition hall, Qin Ci Long Cang, brick screen stone carvings, Ning style furniture, middle school students' bookstores and so on. Visitors can play with bells, drums and dragons.
The most attractive thing in the collection is the most conspicuous "Ningbo sedan chair" in Mingzhou Wedding Custom Museum. In the past, girls got married and took sedan chairs, and the sedan chairs in Ningbo had the highest specifications. This dazzling, gorgeous and noble Ningbo sedan chair is decorated with more than 300 gold story characters. The sedan chair is 2.9 meters high and has *** 1 1 floor. Each floor is carved in different ways, with 10 thousand works, so it is called "Wangong Reef". "I was carried by a sedan chair" naturally became the rhetoric of the old ladies.
You can also see some rare treasures in the International Friendship Treasures Museum. In the frequent international exchanges between Chinese people and people of other countries, leaders, officials, non-governmental organizations and celebrities from various countries have presented a large number of precious gifts to Chinese leaders, governments and mass organizations, including the woodcarving doe presented by the Gambian government and the Qibao Shaoshuanghe Pan presented by the Japanese government. These gifts are a symbol of friendship between the people of China and other countries, and they are a witness to history. At the same time, they generally reflect the national characteristics, cultural traditions and unique artistic styles of various countries for us to broaden our horizons and see the world.
In the bronze exhibition hall, there are bronze Confucius Temple ritual vessels and bronze Buddha statues cast in the twelfth year of Tongzhi. There are 65,438+06 bronze chimes, 65,438+04 chimes, 2 special chimes, as well as elephants, cows, reeds and cups. The chimes seem to be the same size, but in fact they are different in thickness. When you knock at the door, every sound is different and the bell is different. Buddha and Bodhisattva are different in size and shape, which respectively represent the styles and characteristics of each period.
Guobao Temple has seventeen exhibition rooms, which are open to the public all day. In addition to the building itself, important cultural relics include the collection of dragons, the display of Buddha statues, bronze ritual vessels, brick carvings, China's world cultural and natural heritage, thousands of workshops, thousands of sedan chairs and so on. The six scenic spots in Lingshan (Guobao Temple, Linglong Spring, Qingyi Pavilion, Wang Haijian, Meilin and Hanxiutan) cover an area of 72.47 hectares, mainly natural forests, with a good ecological environment, many ancient and famous trees and a green coverage rate of over 90%. It is an ideal place for people to travel, entertain and relax, and it is one of the earliest tourist attractions in Ningbo.
In 2002, Guobao Temple, with the aim of "welcoming guests from all over the world and being satisfied with Guobao Temple", received more than 300,000 visitors annually through the evaluation of national AAA-level tourist attractions.
In 2003, it will be the 990th anniversary of the building model of the Song Dynasty-Ningbo Guobao Temple. To commemorate the 990th anniversary of this important architectural heritage of the Song Dynasty in the architectural history of China, various commemorative activities will be held. In addition, Guobao Temple Scenic Area will hold the first Ningbo Lotus Culture Festival on the basis of continuing to hold and launch activities and services such as appreciating autumn osmanthus, picking tea, picking bayberry and camping barbecue.
In 2003, it will be the 990th anniversary of the building model of the Song Dynasty-Ningbo Guobao Temple. To commemorate the 990th anniversary of this important architectural heritage of the Song Dynasty in the architectural history of China, various commemorative activities will be held. In addition, Guobao Temple Scenic Area held the first Ningbo Lotus Culture Festival on the basis of continuing to hold and launch activities and services such as enjoying osmanthus in autumn, picking tea, picking bayberry and camping barbecue.