(2) The political system of China in Sui and Tang Dynasties.

Historical significance: It marks Japan's transition from a slave society to a feudal society and opens the way for the further development of Japan's economy.

Historical facts of Sino-Japanese exchanges: Japan sent envoys to the Tang Dynasty; Tang Wenhua's influence on Japan (politics, law, language, education, science, architecture, lifestyle, etc. ); Sino-Japanese trade exists (a large number of Tang coins "Kaiyuan Bao Tong" were unearthed in Japan); Messengers of Sino-Japanese friendly exchanges: Kibi No Asomi Makibi and Jian Zhen.

(3) Enlightenment: Reform is the driving force of development, and we should persist in reform and opening up. We should dare to break through the tradition and innovate, actively learn the advantages of foreign countries and learn advanced science and technology and management experience in light of China's specific national conditions. Only by constantly reforming our country can we make it rich and strong. .

22.( 1) code of hammurabi is the first relatively complete written code in the world. Pericles

(2) The Declaration of Human Rights and Napoleon's Constitution.

(3) Composition of1787

(4) Become a symbol of revolutionary victory, marking Europe's entry into capitalist society.

Bourgeois democracy and rule of law have replaced monarchy, church autocracy and rule of man, which is a great progress of society and a precedent of modern society ruled by law.

23.( 1) Spain and Portugal

(2) He refers to Columbus, who took A across the Atlantic to discover America (if this topic is what I have seen, then he should take A on the map and go west).

(3) Impact: It connected four continents, connected the world as a whole, expanded exchanges among countries, promoted the development of capitalism in Europe, and triggered a wave of colonial plunder in Western Europe.