From10000 to 8000 years ago, the early agriculture in China formed two systems, namely, the northern dry farming represented by chestnut and the southern paddy farming represented by rice, and the pattern of combining the southern rice with the northern chestnut with handicrafts and animal husbandry.

Primitive farming in the north is characterized by dry land agriculture, which is closely related to the natural conditions in the Yellow River basin. Spring, autumn and winter are dry and cold, and summer is hot and rainy. Therefore, chestnut with low requirements on fertility and drought resistance at seedling stage was selected. Primitive agriculture in South China is characterized by rice farming. The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are rainy and humid, so rice, a water-loving crop, is chosen as the main crop.

Extended data:

Agriculture first appeared in the Central Plains. Farming culture in Central Plains contains many characteristic farming techniques and scientific inventions. Many agricultural production tools were unearthed in Peiligang cultural site, which provided physical evidence for the development of early farming culture, especially the polished stone grinding rod, which became the earliest grain processing tool found in China.

Fuxi, the leader of Huang San, taught people to "weave nets", which opened the era of fishing and hunting economy; Emperor Yan, known as "Shennong", taught people to sow and harvest, which initiated the agricultural era. Dayu used dredging to control water, which promoted the development of water conservancy in China and promoted the progress of mathematics, surveying and mapping, transportation and other related technologies.

During the Warring States Period, the "Zheng Guoqu" built by Zheng Guo, a native of Henan, greatly improved the agricultural production conditions in Guanzhong area. With the national integration, especially the southward migration of Central Plains people, advanced agricultural technologies and concepts spread to the south, which promoted the improvement of ancient agricultural level in China. It can be said that the origin and development of agriculture in China, the invention and creation of agricultural technology, and the system and concept of agriculture are closely related to Henan.

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