2. Before1949, there were only 36 major airports used for air transportation in Chinese mainland, including Shanghai Longhua, Nanjing Dajiaochang, Chongqing Coral Dam and Chongqing Jiulongpo, most of which were poorly equipped. Except that the DC-4 transport plane can take off and land at Shanghai Longhua and Nanda airports, it is generally only applicable to the DC-2 and DC-3 transport planes at that time. After years of war and destruction, these airports urgently need renovation and construction.
3. Initial period (1949— 1957)
3.1.1949.1.9 Under the instigation of China * * * Production Party, the employees of "Two Airlines" launched an uprising, returned the 12 aircraft, and later repaired the/KLOC-0 left by the Kuomintang in the mainland. During the first five-year plan period, the model was initially updated. By the end of 1957, China Civil Aviation had various types of aircraft 1 18, most of which were Soviet aircraft.
3.2 During this period, civil aviation focused on the construction of Tianjin Zhang Gui Zhuang Airport, Taiyuan Qinxian Airport, Wuhan Nanhu Airport and Beijing Capital Airport. With the completion of the Capital Airport 1958, China civil aviation has a relatively complete foundation.
4. Adjustment period (1958 ——1965)
4. 1 Due to the influence of the Great Leap Forward, China's civil aviation suffered great impacts and setbacks in the first few years of this period. The main problems are: ignoring objective economic laws, aiming high and planning big, resulting in unbalanced proportion; Local routes are blindly decentralized to provinces and regions; Undertake a large number of abnormal air transport; Without economic benefits, enterprises will lose money.
Since 4.2 196 1, the civil aviation system has conscientiously implemented the central government's policy of "adjustment, consolidation, enrichment and improvement", which has brought the civil aviation cause back to the right track and achieved great development.
From 4.3 to 1965, the number of domestic routes has increased to 46, and the focus of domestic route layout has also shifted from the southeast coast and hinterland to remote areas in the southwest and northwest. During this period, the development of general aviation has grown steadily. 1By the end of 965, China Civil Aviation had 355 aircraft of various types. 1959, China Civil Aviation purchased Il-18 aircraft, which marked the change from using piston propeller aircraft to using turboprop aircraft. 1963, China Civil Aviation once again purchased the British Viscount, thus ending the situation that only Soviet-made aircraft were used for a long time.
4.4 In order to meet the needs of aircraft renewal and international navigation development, during this period, Nanning, Kunming, Guiyang and other airports were built and rebuilt, and the flight conditions and service facilities were improved accordingly, especially the expansion projects of Shanghai Hongqiao Airport and Guangzhou Baiyun Airport were completed.
5. Staggered forward (1966— 1976)
5. 1 In the first five years of this period, civil aviation suffered serious damage and losses. 197 1 After September, under the care of Premier Zhou, China Civil Aviation focused on developing long-distance international routes. By the end of 1976, China's civil aviation international routes had grown to eight, with a navigable mileage of 4 1000 km, accounting for 41%of the total navigable mileage; Domestic routes increased to 123.
5.2 197 1 year, China Civil Aviation purchased five Il -62 aircraft from the Soviet Union, and in 1973, it purchased 10 Boeing -707 aircraft from the United States. In addition, Trident aircraft was purchased from Britain and An -24 aircraft was purchased from the Soviet Union. In this way, the total number of all kinds of civil aviation transport aircraft in China reaches 1 17, which can better implement the business policy of "combining inside and outside, giving consideration to both distance and distance".
5.3 China civil aviation enterprises turned losses into profits from 1975, and 1976 and 1976 * * realized profits of nearly 35 million yuan, which reversed the passive situation of long-term losses and dependence on state subsidies.
6. New development period (1977 to present)
After the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee (6. 1), China's civil aviation industry has accelerated its pace and made great achievements.
6.1.1.1.980 Comrade Deng Xiaoping pointed out that civil aviation must take the road of enterprise. In March of the same year, the Civil Aviation Administration was changed to the Bureau directly under the State Council again.
Since then, the management system of civil aviation in China has been reformed, including: in order to change the situation of exclusive operation, six national backbone airlines have been established on the basis of the original six administrations; Actively support all regions and departments to set up airlines; Separate the airport from the navigation management and establish an independent enterprise unit at the airport; Navigation management belongs to the government department and is led by the regional administration. As the administrative department of civil aviation in the State Council, CAAC no longer directly operates aviation business, but mainly exercises government functions and conducts administrative management.
6. 1.2 1980, China civil aviation purchased Boeing -—747SP wide-body passenger aircraft, which indicates that the use of aircraft has partially reached the international advanced level. 1983, a number of advanced Boeing and McDonnell Douglas aircraft were purchased through the combination of loans, international leasing and self-financing, which made the transport aircraft used by China civil aviation reach the international advanced level. At the same time, a number of old models were eliminated, which accelerated the update speed of models. By the end of 1990, China Civil Aviation had 42 1 aircraft, including 206 transport aircraft and 2 15 general aviation and teaching calibration aircraft.
6. 1.3 The introduction of large and medium-sized passenger aircraft objectively requires civil aviation airports to have corresponding development levels and supporting facilities. Civil aviation airports have experienced unprecedented prosperity. By the end of 1990, the total number of airports for civil aviation flights had reached 1 10, of which 7 airports could take off and land Boeing -747 aircraft.
6.2 During the Eighth Five-Year Plan period, China civil aviation continued to maintain the momentum of sustained and rapid development. By 1995, the total transportation turnover of the whole industry was 765,438+400 million tons kilometers, the passenger transportation volume was 5 1 17000 people, and the cargo and mail transportation volume was1kloc-0/000 tons, with an average annual growth of 23.4% and 25.5% in five years. The total number of routes reached 797.
6.2. During the period of1Eighth Five-Year Plan, the number of civil aircraft in China increased the fastest. At the end of 1995, the total number of civil aircraft in China reached 852, including 4 16 transport aircraft and 436 general aviation and teaching calibration aircraft, with a total commercial tonnage of 7,900 tons and 60,500 seats. Five-year financing lease 198 aircraft, using foreign capital of 7.2 billion US dollars; A loan of 8.64 billion yuan was used to purchase aircraft and special vehicles. Aircraft maintenance also has the D-level maintenance and overhaul capability of some aircraft and engines in use in China. 6.2.2 During the Eighth Five-Year Plan period, the investment in capital construction and technical transformation was 32 billion yuan, with 9 airports 19 newly built or expanded and 5 airports 15 newly expanded. At the same time, some large airport construction projects started. By the end of 1995, there will be navigation.
This class operates 139 airports, of which 14 can take off and land Boeing -747 aircraft and 8 1 can take off and land Boeing -737 aircraft.
7. Ninth Five-Year Plan and Long-term Target 2010 (1996-2010)
7. 1 In the Ninth Five-Year Plan and the next ten years, China's civil aviation will maintain a sustained high-speed growth, and the average annual growth rate of air transportation will reach about 14% during the Ninth Five-Year Plan period. It is estimated that in 2000, the total turnover of air transportation will reach 654.38+0.4 billion tons-kilometers, passenger transportation will reach 654.38+0 billion, and cargo and mail transportation will reach 2 million tons.
In the first decade of the next century, the average annual growth rate of air transport will remain at around 10%. By 2065,438+00, the total transportation turnover will reach about 35 billion tons kilometers, the number of passengers will reach 250 million, and the number of goods and mail will reach 5 million tons.
7.2 By the year 2000, the whole industry will have about 660 transport planes, with a total commercial tonnage of 6.5438+0.35 million tons and a passenger capacity of 96,000, which are 765.438+0% and 58% higher than that of 654.38+0.95 respectively. There are about 600 general aviation aircraft in the whole industry. By 20 10, the total size of the transportation fleet in the whole industry will increase by about 1.5 times compared with 2000.
7.3 During the Ninth Five-Year Plan, 465,438+0 airports will be built in 40 cities. These airports include 3 1 airports in 27 provincial capitals and 3 municipalities directly under the central government, and 10 airports in important open and tourist cities such as Shenzhen, Xiamen, Chongqing, Dalian, Guilin, Shantou, Qingdao, Zhuhai, Wenzhou and Ningbo. Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou are the top priorities. By 20 10, there will be about 170 airports for civil aviation flights.
7.4 During the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, air traffic control will realize the transformation from procedural control to radar control, build a civil aviation communication system with advanced technology and high reliability, and further improve route navigation facilities; Synchronize with international civil aviation, plan and implement the construction of new navigation system; Building meteorological system according to the requirements of meteorological automation.
7.5 The construction of aircraft maintenance system will improve the maintenance quality and market competitiveness, enable major aircraft and engines to be maintained at home, and actively undertake foreign maintenance business. Complete the renovation of aircraft maintenance bases in Beijing, Shanghai and Chengdu, and build Guangzhou aircraft maintenance base in combination with the relocation of Guangzhou Baiyun Airport.