Natural gas was discovered in China during the Western Zhou Dynasty. During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, working people in Sichuan discovered natural gas while digging a salt well in Lin Qiong (now Qiongzhou City, Sichuan Province), and named the well producing natural gas as "Huojing". Lin Qiong is famous for "Huojing", which was called "Huojing Town" in the Northern and Southern Dynasties and renamed "Huojing County" in the Sui Dynasty. Later, natural gas was discovered in Shaanxi, Gansu, Yunnan, Hubei, Hebei, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and other places in China. With the gradual understanding of the nature of natural gas, ancient China people began to develop and utilize natural gas purposefully. According to historical records, since the Jin Dynasty, ancient people began to use natural gas for cooking salt, cooking and lighting.
During the Western Han Dynasty, people in Yan 'an area of northern Shaanxi collected oil floating on the water and used it as fuel. In the Northern Song Dynasty, oil was processed into stone candles for lighting. After the Yuan Dynasty, the scale of producing stone candles with petroleum became larger and larger, and workshops for processing stone candles appeared. In the Ming Dynasty, people in northern Shaanxi boiled oil and lit lamps, indicating that China had mastered the technology of extracting lamp oil from oil more than 400 years ago.
In ancient times, oil was also used as medicine. Our ancestors made many attempts and studies on the medicinal properties of oil. As early as the Northern and Southern Dynasties, petroleum was used as a medicine to treat alopecia. Li Shizhen, a great medical scientist in Ming Dynasty, summarized the experience of ancient working people in using petroleum as medicine in detail, and pointed out that petroleum can "treat infantile convulsion, and can be used together with other drugs to make pills, dispel sores, tinea and insects ...".
Using oil fume to make ink is a unique invention in ancient China. Song Yanmo has been widely used in China since the Han Dynasty. Shen Kuo, a scientist in the Northern Song Dynasty, made oily smoke ink as black as paint. Because oil smoke ink is better than Song Yanmo, it is produced in large quantities by the people and spread widely.
The earliest written record of petroleum in the world was found in Han Shu written by Ban Gu, a historian of the Eastern Han Dynasty in China (AD 32-92). It is recorded in the book that "Gao Nu Gao Nu extends in Shaanxi today, and Lianshui is a tributary of this Yanhe River. Water is flammable. " Historically, oil has been called stone paint, ointment, fertilizer, stone grease, fat water, combustible water and so on. In ancient China, Shen Kuo, a scientist in the Northern Song Dynasty, made great contributions to the study of oil and natural gas. More than 900 years ago, Shen Kuo first put forward the name "oil". Shen Kuo said in "Meng Qian Bi Tan" written at the end of1/kloc-0: "Yan 'an has oil, and it used to be said that Gaonu County produces fertile water, so it is. "1080, Shen Kuo made an on-the-spot investigation on the occurrence, performance and use of oil in Yanchang area. Among the ancient scientific works in the world, he was the first person to discuss oil in detail. Shen Kuo predicted: "This thing will be popular all over the world. "This has been confirmed by today's practice.
2. The invention of barrel well The development of ancient drilling technology in China can be roughly divided into two stages: shallow well with big mouth and deep well with small mouth. The wells dug before the Northern Song Dynasty were generally shallow wells with large mouths, and the wells dug later were mostly deep wells with small mouths. Large shallow wells are dug directly to the bottom by people with simple tools such as shovels and picks. Small-mouth deep wells are dug with special rigs, which are called "Zhuo-barrel wells".
Drilling a barrel well (Figure 1- 1) requires complex equipment and advanced tools. In the middle of Northern Song Dynasty, with the development of iron smelting industry, labor tools were constantly innovated and reformed. The invention and application of simple machinery such as pulleys and levers created the necessary conditions for the invention of barrel well technology.
Figure 1- 1 Schematic diagram of drilling shaft
Su Shi's Dongpo Zhi Lin recorded the construction method of "Zhuotongjing". The drill used to dig this well is only as big as a bowl, and the depth can reach several feet. In ancient times, it took at least four or five years to drill a long barrel well, and some took more than ten years.
The oil discovered in ancient times is only a small amount of oil seedlings exposed in the ground. In order to get more oil, we must open the underground treasure house. 1835 A natural gas well was drilled in Zigong City, Sichuan Province, with a depth of 100 1.42 m, which is the first deep well in the modern world with a depth exceeding1000m. Later, this well was approved by the State Council as a national key protected cultural relic.
China's ancient invention of the technology of drilling Zhuo barrel well is a great pioneering work in the world drilling history. Later, this technology was introduced to western countries, which promoted the rise and development of the world oil industry and mining industry and made outstanding contributions to the benefit of mankind. Therefore, it is known as the "father of drilling" of world oil and the "fifth invention" of China. Joseph Needham, a British scholar, said when enumerating China's major inventions introduced to Europe: "China's super barrel well technology was introduced to the West in the 1 1 century. 1900 years ago, all the deep wells in the world were drilled by the method created by China people. "
3. The first oil well and the first gas well in China in ancient times, Cao Xuequan, a scholar of Ming Dynasty in China, recorded in Zhong Shu Guang Ji that during Zheng De's reign of Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1506- 1522), a large amount of "oil and water" came out accidentally while digging a salt well in Leshan, Sichuan. This "oil-water" can be used for lighting at night after it is ignited. So I continued to dig several wells to collect oil and water. Drake drilled an oil well with a depth of 2 1.69m in Pennsylvania in May 1859; Russian Semenoff drilled an oil well on the Black Sea coast on 1848. It can be seen that the earliest oil wells in China were more than 300 years earlier than those drilled in the United States and Russia.
China is not only the digger of the world's first oil well, but also the digger of the world's first gas well. In the past, most western scholars thought that Britain was the first country to dig natural gas wells in the world. Britain began to exploit natural gas in 1668, while China's ancient books recorded that the famous Lin Qiong fire well was dug in Sichuan during the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 25-220). It can be seen that the history of drilling natural gas wells in China is at least 1500 years earlier than that in Britain.
4. The earliest oilfield developed in China is Miaoli Oilfield in Taiwan Province Province. 186 1 year, a man named Qiu Gou found oil seedlings in the sulfur pit area in the southeast of Hsinchu County. So, he dug a pit 3 meters deep there and could collect 6 kilograms of crude oil every day. He used the crude oil to light lanterns and sold the remaining crude oil to local farmers for lighting or treating diseases. This matter quickly attracted people's attention. When the Qing government knew about it, Convenient 1876 was nationalized, and technicians were invited from the United States to buy drilling rigs. 1878 Miaoli drilled the first oil well with a daily oil production of about 750kg.
The earliest oilfield developed in China is Yanchang Oilfield in northern Shaanxi. Yanchang Oilfield is located in Yanchang County, Shaanxi Province, China. Although our ancestors discovered oil here as early as two thousand years ago, they didn't really put it into development until nearly a hundred years later. 1840 After the Opium War, the imperialist powers extended their claws of aggression to China and plundered China's resources. Germany, Japan, the United States and Russia all want the right to exploit oil in northern Shaanxi. In order to protect the oil resources of the motherland, people of insight put forward the idea of "extending oil mines" in 1904. During the period of 1905, the Qing government approved the establishment of Yanchang oil plant and hired Japanese technicians to inspect Yanchang, and finally reached the conclusion that the oil reserves in Yanchang area were shallow and the oil quality was good. 1907, Yin Hong, the alternate magistrate, hired seven Japanese technicians, including Ichiro Sato, to buy drilling rigs and oil refining equipment from Japan. In April of that year, the well location was delineated outside the west gate of Yanchang County, and the drilling rig was installed; Drill out on June 5; On September 6th, oil was discovered at a depth of 68.89m, with a daily output of crude oil 150 ~ 200 kg. Then drill down, in September 10, the well depth is 8 1m, which is called "Yiyanjing", and the initial daily output is1t. After 10 years of exploitation, the maximum daily oil production of this well reached 1.25t, and then gradually decreased until 1934 dried up and stopped production, with a total oil of 2550t, and the depth of 1978 well reached18m. After fracturing, the initial daily crude oil production is 3.9t；; /kloc-0 was further deepened to 152m in August, 1985, and crude oil was produced 3 tons per day in the initial stage after fracturing. With the exploitation of oil wells, the oil production tools on "Yiyanjing" have also changed from the initial machines to modern pumping units. 1985, on the occasion of extending the 80th anniversary of the completion of the oil mine, Kang, former deputy prime minister and minister of petroleum of the State Council, wrote the inscription "The first oil well on land in China" for "Yiyanjing". 1996165438+1On October 20th, the "Yan Yi Jing" was announced by the State Council as a national key protected cultural relic.
5. Cradle of China's petroleum industry 1935- 1938, politicians from Sun Jian and others made three field trips to the desolate Qilian Mountains in Gansu. Through research and analysis, it is considered that laojunmiao area along Yumen Oil River has favorable conditions for oil and gas storage. According to the well location determined by Sun Jianchu, the excavation of well 1 began in March 1939. On May 6th, a drilling rig was transported from Yanchang Oil Mine to start drilling. In August 1 1, the oil layer was discovered when drilling to115.5m. The daily crude oil injection was about 10t. Thus, laojunmiao Oilfield was discovered and the development of Yumen Oilfield began. From 1939 to 1949, Yumen Oilfield * * produced nearly 50× 104t of crude oil, accounting for more than 90% of the total crude oil output in the same period. It can not only meet the industrial and civil needs of the northwest provinces, but also strongly support the people of China in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation.
1On September 28th, 949, Yumen Oilfield was liberated, and Kang, then the general military representative, announced that he would take over the oilfield. According to Peng's instructions on "building Yumen into the cradle of China's petroleum industry", Kang mobilized workers to actively produce crude oil, which provided strong support for the People's Liberation Army to March into Xinjiang and liberate the whole country. After the founding of New China, Yumen Oilfield was highly concerned and valued by the Party and the government, and was listed as a national key construction unit. The construction of oil fields has been strongly supported by all sectors of the country. By 1957, the annual crude oil output of Yumen Oilfield increased from 9× 104t in 1949 to 75.54× 104t, accounting for 87.78% of the national crude oil output in that year. Xinhua News Agency1October 8th news, 1957, 10, China's first petroleum industrial base was built in Yumen. 1958, the crude oil output of Yumen Oilfield exceeded one million tons, and 1959 reached the peak of 140× 104t, which propped up half of China's oil at that time.
At the end of 1950s, China petroleum industry began to enter a period of great development. Yumen Oilfield has transferred more than 78,000 personnel and more than 2,000 sets of equipment, which has strongly supported the construction of various oilfields in China in terms of manpower, technology and equipment. Today, no matter in the vast Gobi desert or in the vast grassland, from the foot of Tianshan Mountain to the coast of Bohai Sea and from Jiangnan to the North China Plain, "where there is oil, there are Yumen people".
In 1990s, Yumen Oilfield put forward the resounding slogan of "making a comeback and reappearing youth", and developed Tuha Oilfield and Qingxi Oilfield with Yumen as the main body. Today, Yumen Oilfield is being revived.
6. Daqing Oilfield is the largest oilfield in China, located in the west of Heilongjiang Province, in the middle of Songnen Plain, between Harbin and Qiqihar. The length of the oilfield from north to south is 140km, and the width from east to west is 73km, with a total area of 5470km2.
In the late 1950s, China successively explored the northern Songliao Basin, Hailaer Basin, Yilan-Lan Shu Graben and Sanjiang Basin. In April 1 1. 0959, the third benchmark well in Songliao basin, well Songji 3, gushed crude oil on September 26th, which became a sign of discovery in Daqing Oilfield.
The good news came on the eve of the anniversary of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC) 10. Ouyang Qin, then secretary of the Heilongjiang Provincial Party Committee, went to the scene to congratulate and proposed to name this newly discovered oilfield "Anniversary Oilfield". Since then, the resounding name of Daqing Oilfield has been closely linked with the brilliant development of China's oil industry.
In order to get rid of the label of "oil-poor country", in March 1960, the CPC Central Committee decided that Yu Yu personally took the lead, mobilized workers from 37 factories, mines, colleges and universities, fresh graduates and more than 30,000 demobilized soldiers to join forces in anniversary, and launched a full-fledged oil conference war. The oil workers, represented by the iron king Man Jinxi, overcame unimaginable difficulties. It took only one year and three months to find out the oil-bearing area and reserves in this area, and the largest oil production base in China was initially built in less than two years. From 65438 to 0963, the annual output of crude oil in Daqing Oilfield reached more than 4 million tons. 196365438+On February 3, Zhou Enlai solemnly declared at the Second National People's Congress: "China is basically self-sufficient in oil, and the era when China people used foreign oil is gone forever." At the beginning of 1964, Mao Zedong issued the call of "Celebrating Industry". Since then, Daqing Oilfield has become a banner of China industry.
1976, the annual oil production of Daqing Oilfield exceeded 5000× 104t. Since 1980s, Daqing Oilfield has taken the road of "prospering oil through science and technology", actively carried out scientific experiments and tackled key technical problems, and formed a theory of petroleum geological development with China characteristics. Through the unremitting efforts of petroleum workers, the annual output of crude oil in Daqing Oilfield has been stable at more than 5000× 104t for 27 consecutive years, reaching the advanced level of similar oilfield development in the world. In 2006, Daqing Oilfield produced 4340.5× 104t crude oil and 24.5× 108m3 natural gas, achieving an oil-gas equivalent of 4535.9× 104t.
Under the cordial care of the party and the country, the anniversary oilfield has made outstanding contributions to the rapid development of China's petroleum industry. While creating great material wealth, it also cultivated the fine style of "three old four strict" and "four similarities" and the Daqing spirit of "patriotism, pioneering, seeking truth from facts and dedication". Entering the 2 1 century, Daqing Oilfield is advancing with the times, pioneering and innovating, and is standing in the motherland with a brand-new look, creating new glory for the petroleum industry.
7. The growth process of modern petroleum industry in China.
1949 China crude oil output was only 12× 104t, of which natural crude oil was 7× 104t and 5×104t; Artificial crude oil. The annual output of natural gas is 0./kloc-0 /×108m3; The proven oil reserves are 2900×104t; ; The crude oil processing capacity is 17.5× 104t, excluding Taiwan Province Province. .
China's modern petroleum industry is a young industry growing up with New China. In the early 1950s, China actively resumed Yumen in the northeast, extended the oil mine and artificial oil industry, and explored the oil in the northwest. By the end of 1952, the national crude oil output reached 43.5× 104t. Karamay Oilfield was discovered in 1956, which is the first breakthrough in oil exploration after the founding of New China. The oil exploration strategy moved eastward in the middle and late 1950s. On September 26th, 1959, songji No.3 blowout in the northeast Songliao basin produced oil, which opened the prelude to the development of Daqing Oilfield. The first phase of Lanzhou Refinery was completed and put into operation in September. 1958. This is the first large refinery with an annual processing capacity of 100× 104t in China. 1953 10 Beijing petroleum institute (now China youshi university) was established. 1955 In July, the Ministry of Petroleum Industry was established. 1958 10 petroleum research institute was established. 1958165438+10, the second petroleum institute in China-Sichuan Petroleum Institute (now Southwest Petroleum University) was established.
From 65438 to 0963, the annual output of crude oil in China reached 648× 104t, which basically met the domestic demand and fundamentally changed the backward appearance of China's petroleum industry. Subsequently, China successively discovered and developed Shengli Oilfield, Dagang Oilfield, Liaohe Oilfield and Huabei Oilfield, which made the national crude oil output increase rapidly. Starting from 1973, China began to export crude oil to Japan and other countries in exchange for a large amount of foreign exchange. 1978, China's annual crude oil output exceeded 1× 108t, and it has since entered the ranks of major oil producers in the world. From 65438 to 0985, the annual output of crude oil in China reached 1.25× 108t, ranking sixth in the world. In the 1990s, a breakthrough was made in oil and gas exploration and development in the central and western regions. Tarim Oilfield and Tuha Oilfield were discovered and developed one after another, initially forming a replacement area for oil and gas resources. At the same time, China has succeeded in oil and gas exploration and development in Bohai Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea. From 1996, the annual output of China's offshore oil broke through 1000× 104t for the first time, marking a new step for China's offshore oil industry.
By 2000, China's annual crude oil output reached 1.62× 108t, ranking fifth in the world in 13 years. The natural gas output is 227× 108m3, ranking 15 in the world. By 2006, the annual output of crude oil will reach 1.84× 108t, still ranking fifth in the world. The natural gas output reaches 595× 108m3.
Second, China's oil and gas resources and production China has a vast territory, a vast offshore continental shelf and favorable conditions for oil and gas formation. There are 670× 104km2 sedimentary basins where oil and gas may be distributed, and the area of sedimentary rocks ranks third in the world, including 520× 104km2 land area, 50×104km2 offshore continental shelf area and more than 500 large and small sedimentary basins.
Due to the complex environment formed by oil and natural gas, the distribution of oil and gas resources in China is very uneven. Oil resources are mainly concentrated in Northeast China, Bohai Rim, Northwest China and Southeast China. Natural gas resources are mainly distributed in the central and northwest regions. According to the geological characteristics and exploration degree of China petroliferous basin, it is divided into six petroliferous areas, namely:
(1) Eastern oil-gas bearing area-mainly including Northeast China and North China; (2) Central oil-bearing areas-mainly including Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia, Sichuan and Chongqing; (3) western oil-bearing areas-mainly including Xinjiang, Qinghai and western Gansu; (4) Southern oil-bearing areas-mainly including Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi; (5) Oil-bearing areas in Tibet, including areas south of Kunlun Mountain and west of Hengduan Mountain; (6) Offshore oil and gas-bearing areas-including the southeast coastal continental shelf and the South China Sea.
China is relatively rich in oil and gas resources. According to the preliminary results of the third evaluation of oil and gas resources in China in 2005, the total oil resources in China are about 102 1× 108t, of which 775×108t; On land. The total natural gas resources are 47× 10 12m3, of which the onshore resources are 38.9×10/2m3. Resource quantity is a prospective quantity predicted according to geological theory and related technologies. The oil and gas content confirmed by drilling and testing in resources is called reserves. Reserves and resources are both related and different. Through the classified study on the reserve growth law of different types of basins and depressions, it is considered that the final recoverable oil resources in China are about140×108 ~160×108t, and the final recoverable natural gas resources are about10×/kloc-0. On the whole, at present, the proven degree of oil in China is 33%, which is in the middle of exploration and still has great development potential; The proven degree of natural gas is less than 10%, which is still in the initial stage of exploration and belongs to the period of rapid growth.
In the next 15 ~ 20 years, with the increase of exploration investment, China's natural gas reserves will enter the stage of stable growth with high base. Average annual growth1500×108 ~ 2000×108m3. The increase of reserves will lay a resource foundation for increasing natural gas production. Although it is more and more difficult to explore petroleum resources, from the analysis of total petroleum resources and average proven degree, China's petroleum resources still have great potential. By strengthening exploration, improving oil recovery, increasing capital investment and improving technical level through scientific and technological innovation, the decline in productivity can be effectively compensated, the purpose of stable production and increased production can be achieved, and large oil fields may be found.
China is also rich in unconventional resources. The resource of coalbed methane is about 30× 10 12m3, ranking third in the world after Russia and Canada. Oil shale, oil sands and asphalt also have certain reserves; China sea area is also rich in natural gas hydrate resources, which can be used as a supplement to conventional oil and gas resources.
At present, more than 700 oil and gas fields have been discovered in 25 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and offshore waters, forming six major oil and gas regions. There are more than 20 major production bases on land, including Daqing, Shengli, Liaohe, Xinjiang, Changqing, Sichuan, Zhongyuan, North China, Dagang, Jilin, Jianghan, Qinghai and Henan. By the end of 2005, the proven petroleum geological reserves in China exceeded 25 billion tons, with the cumulative recoverable reserves of 70× 108 tons and the remaining recoverable reserves of 25× 108 tons. From 2006 to 20 10, the annual output of crude oil in China will be maintained at1.8×108 ~ 2.0×108t. At present, the reserve-production ratio in China is only14:1,while that in Middle Eastern countries is 80:1,and the world average is 40:1. China's proven natural gas reserves are mainly concentrated in the 10 large basin, followed by Bohai Bay, Sichuan, Songliao, Junggar, Yinggehai-Qiongdongnan, Qaidam, Turpan-Hami, Tarim, Bohai and Ordos. Under the background of energy shortage in recent years, the development of onshore and offshore gas fields in China has developed rapidly. By the end of 2004, the cumulative proven geological reserves of natural gas in China were 4.1×1012m3. The growth of natural gas reserves in China has entered youth from infancy. In 2005, the reserve-production ratio of natural gas in China was 45∶ 1, which was much higher than that of petroleum in China. It is predicted that by 20 10 and 2020, the accumulated proven natural gas reserves may reach 4.9×10/2m3 and 7.5×10/2m3 respectively, which means that the growth of natural gas reserves in China will remain youthful at least until 2020. At the same time, China's natural gas production will also increase rapidly, reaching 900×108 ~100×108m3 in 2020.
Three. Development Policies and Tasks China is a big producer and consumer of oil and gas. In 2006, China produced crude oil 1.84× 108t a year, but we consumed 3.30× 108t, of which 1.46× 108t was imported from abroad, and the dependence on foreign countries was about 44%. The International Energy Agency predicts that 50% of China's total crude oil consumption will need to be imported from abroad in 20 10. Oil and natural gas, as energy sources, are important strategic materials. In a sense, whoever has mastered oil will have mastered the economic lifeline of the world. Therefore, we must take corresponding countermeasures as soon as possible to speed up reform and development. While stabilizing the output of the old oil fields in the east, we will actively explore and develop the new western area and offshore oil and gas resources to make it a strategic replacement oil area. China government requires petroleum and petrochemical enterprises to go abroad and look for resources overseas, which is also our choice.
China is rich in natural gas resources, but its production scale is very small, which is far from being fully explored, developed and utilized. The utilization of natural gas in China is far below the world average. Global natural gas accounts for more than 20% of total energy consumption, while this ratio is only 3% in China, even lower than 8% in India.
China is a big oil consumer, but the utilization of oil resources is unreasonable. High energy consumption, low efficiency and serious waste. Therefore, it is very important to save energy, especially oil resources. From the perspective of oil utilization efficiency, China's GDP per thousand dollars is 0.2t, and that of the United States is 0.1t.. The low utilization efficiency is reflected in two aspects: first, as far as petroleum and petrochemical are concerned, all the best precious resources are not turned into refined oil in the production process; In addition, in the process of use, both our power oil and automobile oil are very different from those abroad. For example, we use fuel to generate electricity, which is a waste in itself.
Based on the above reasons, the development policy of China's petroleum industry is: "based on the domestic market, exploring the international market, strengthening exploration, rational development, practicing economy and establishing reserves." China petroleum industry will implement the strategy of marketization, internationalization, low cost, scientific and technological innovation and continuous restructuring. Focus on structural adjustment, improve the oil storage and production structure, increase the proportion of natural gas in crude oil production, increase the proportion of overseas oil in domestic crude oil, and optimize the proportion of oil and gas in China's primary energy consumption structure. In exchange for a long-term stable oil supply at a small economic cost, it ensures the sustained, stable and healthy development of the national economy Vigorously strengthen oil and gas exploration and rationally and effectively develop and utilize limited resources. Accelerate the development of natural gas industry and actively improve the storage and production structure and consumption structure. Strictly implement the laws and regulations of strict economy and curb unreasonable consumption. Gradually establish and improve the national strategic reserve system, and steadily develop oil substitute products. Improve the ability to deal with emergencies and ensure the safety of national oil supply.
During the 11th Five-Year Plan period, the tasks and policies for the development of China's petroleum industry are: intensifying the exploration of oil and natural gas resources. Strengthen the investigation and evaluation of oil and gas resources and expand the scope of exploration. Focus on developing sea areas, major oil and gas basins and new land oil and gas areas. Investigate and explore unconventional oil and gas resources such as coalbed methane, oil shale, oil sands and natural gas hydrate, and promote the diversification of oil and gas exploration and development entities. Implement simultaneous development of oil and gas, steadily increase crude oil production and increase natural gas production. Strengthen the transformation of stable production in old oil fields and delay the decline of production in old oil fields. Accelerate the development of oil and gas resources in deep-sea areas and areas such as Tarim, Junggar, Ordos, Qaidam and Sichuan Basin. Adhere to equal cooperation, mutual benefit and win-win, and expand the cooperative development of overseas oil and gas resources. Appropriate construction of imported LNG projects in coastal areas. Expand and build a new national oil reserve base. Accelerate the planning and construction of oil and gas trunk pipeline network and supporting facilities, and gradually improve the national oil and gas pipeline network. A pipeline will be built to transport refined oil from west to east and from north to south. Timely construction of the second line of west-to-east gas transmission and onshore imported oil and gas pipelines.