From this day on, the new China civil aviation took off against the rising sun of the Republic, and experienced an extraordinary development process from scratch, from small to large, from weak to strong.
Especially since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, China's civil aviation industry has made sustained and rapid development in air transport, general aviation, fleet renewal, airport construction, route layout, navigation guarantee, flight safety and personnel training, and has made remarkable achievements.
The development of civil aviation and the country's economic development are inseparable from the direct leadership and support of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council. It is the result of the joint efforts of several generations of civil aviation cadres and workers, and has written a magnificent chapter for the blue sky cause of the motherland.
The development of civil aviation in China has mainly gone through four stages:
The first stage (1949-1978):
1949165438+12 October, the the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee conference decided to set up a civil aviation bureau under the people's revolutionary military commission, under the guidance of the air force.
1On October 9th, General Manager of China Airlines 165438+ Liu Jingyi and General Manager of Central Airlines Chen Zhuolin led a glorious uprising in Hong Kong, and led 12 plane back to Beijing and Tianjin, which provided a certain material and technical force for the civil aviation construction in new China.
1950 when the new China civil aviation was founded, there were only over 30 small planes, the annual passenger traffic was only 10000, and the total transportation turnover was only1570,000 ton-km.
1958 on February 27th, the State Council informed that from now on, the Civil Aviation Administration of China will be placed under the leadership of the Ministry of Communications.
1958 March19, the State Council Notice: At the 95th meeting in the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), the State Council was approved to change the Civil Aviation Administration of China into a bureau directly under the Ministry of Communications.
1960165438+1October 17. After discussion in principle by the the State Council Municipal Organization Establishment Committee, it was decided to rename the Civil Aviation Administration of China as the General Administration of Civil Aviation of the Ministry of Communications.
It is the general administration of civil aviation in China, subordinate to the first level, responsible for the management of transport aviation and professional aviation, and directly leads the work of regional civil aviation bureaus.
1April, 1962 13, the 53rd meeting of the second NPC Standing Committee decided to rename the Civil Aviation Administration of China "CAAC".
1962 On April 15, the central government decided to change the CAAC from the Ministry of Communications to the bureau directly under the State Council, and its business work, party and government work, cadre and personnel work, etc. Directly managed by the air force.
During this period, due to several changes in the leadership system of civil aviation, the development of air transport was greatly influenced by politics and economy. 1978, the number of air passengers was only 23 1 10,000, and the total transportation turnover was 300 million kilometers.
The second stage (1978-1987):
109, Comrade Deng Xiaoping instructed to manage civil aviation from an economic perspective. 1980 February 14, Comrade Deng Xiaoping pointed out: "Civil aviation must be commercialized". On March 5 of the same year, the China government decided to separate civil aviation from the military establishment, and changed the Civil Aviation Administration of China from being subordinate to the Air Force to being directly under the State Council, and implemented enterprise management.
During this period, the Civil Aviation Administration of China was the government department in charge of civil aviation affairs, and it was a national enterprise directly engaged in air transport and general aviation business in the name of "China Civil Aviation (CAAC)".
There are six regional administrative agencies in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Lanzhou (later moved to Xi) and Shenyang. 1980, there were only 140 transport planes in the whole civil aviation, and most of them were Soviet-style Il-14 and Li -2 aircraft made in 1950s or 40s, with only twenty or forty passengers, and only 17 medium and large aircraft carried passengers 100. There are only 79 airports.
1980, the annual passenger traffic of China civil aviation was only 3.43 million passengers; The total annual transportation turnover was 429 million tons kilometers, ranking 35th in the world's civil aviation, second only to Singapore, India, the Philippines and Indonesia.
The third stage (1987 -2002):
1987, China government decided to reform the civil aviation industry, which is characterized by the separation of airlines and airports.
The main content is to separate the air transport and general aviation-related businesses, assets and personnel of the former Civil Aviation Administration of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Xi, Chengdu and Shenyang, and set up six national backbone airlines to operate independently, be responsible for their own profits and losses and compete on an equal footing.
The backbone airlines of these six countries are: China International Airlines, China Eastern Airlines, China Southern Airlines, Southwest China Airlines, Northwest China Airlines and China Northern Airlines. In addition, China General Airlines, which is mainly engaged in general aviation business and concurrently engaged in air transportation business, was also established in July. 1989.
While establishing backbone airlines, on the basis of the original airports where Beijing Administration Bureau, Shanghai Administration Bureau, Guangzhou Administration Bureau, Chengdu Administration Bureau, Xi 'an Administration Bureau and Shenyang Administration Bureau are located, six regional administrations of civil aviation in North China, East China, Central South, Southwest China, Northwest China and Northeast China were established, as well as Beijing Capital Airport, Shanghai Hongqiao Airport, Guangzhou Baiyun Airport, Chengdu Shuangliu Airport, Xi 'an Xiguan Airport (now moved to Xi 'an Xianyang Airport) and Shenyang Taoxian Airport.
The six regional administrations are not only government departments and enterprises that manage regional civil aviation affairs, but also lead and manage civil aviation provincial (autonomous regions and municipalities) bureaus and airports.
The air transport service guarantee system has also been reformed according to the requirements of specialized division of labor. 1990, China aviation fuel corporation was established on the basis of the original civil aviation fuel supply departments at all levels, specializing in aviation fuel supply guarantee business. The company supplies fuel to airlines through its branches at various airports.
Units of this nature include China Aviation Equipment Company, which is engaged in the import and export business of aviation equipment (aircraft, engines, etc.). ); The computer information center is engaged in the management and development of the national computer reservation and sales system; An aviation settlement center that provides international settlement services for airlines; And aircraft maintenance companies, aviation food companies, etc.
1993 On April19, the Civil Aviation Administration of China was renamed as the General Administration of Civil Aviation of China, directly under the State Council. 12 On February 20th, the organizational specification of CAAC was changed from vice ministerial level to full ministerial level.
In the past 20 years, the total turnover, passenger volume and freight volume of civil aviation transportation in China have increased by 18%, 16% and 16% respectively, which is more than twice the world average.
In 2002, the total transportation turnover of the civil aviation industry was 65.438+065 billion ton-kilometers, the passenger transportation volume was 85.94 million, and the cargo and mail transportation volume was 2.02 million tons, which further improved the international ranking and became a world-renowned civil aviation power.
The fourth stage (2002-):
In March, 2002, China government decided to reorganize the civil aviation industry in China. The main contents are:
1. airlines and service guarantee enterprises are reorganized jointly. After the merger of airlines directly under CAAC and service guarantee enterprises, they were formally established in June 65438+1October 65438+1October 2002, forming six major group companies.
They are: China Airlines Group, China Eastern Airlines Group, China Southern Airlines Group, China Civil Aviation Information Group, China Aviation Oil Group and China Aviation Equipment Import and Export Corporation. After its establishment, the group company was decoupled from the Civil Aviation Administration of China and handed over to the central management.
2. Regulatory reform of civil aviation government under CAAC.
7 regional administrations (North China Administration, Northeast Administration, East China Administration, Central South Administration, Southwest Administration, Northwest Administration and Xinjiang Administration)
Twenty-six provincial safety supervision and management offices (Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Dalian, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, Shandong, Qingdao, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Hainan, Guangxi, Shenzhen, Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan, Gansu, Qinghai and Ningxia) supervise civil aviation affairs.
3. Territorial management of airports According to the principle of separating government from enterprises and territorial management, territorial management reform was carried out in 90 airports. The airports directly managed by the Civil Aviation Administration are decentralized to the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) where they are located, and the related assets, liabilities and personnel are transferred together;
Civil airports and military-civilian airports jointly managed by the Civil Aviation Administration and local governments shall be handed over to provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) whose assets, liabilities and related personnel are managed by the Civil Aviation Administration.
Xizang Autonomous Region's Capital Airport and Civil Airport will continue to be managed by CAAC. On July 8, 2004, with the handover of Gansu Airport to local authorities, the reform of airport localization management was completely completed, which also marked the thorough reform of civil aviation system.
On June 2nd, 2004, 10, at the 35th General Assembly of ICAO, China was elected as the first member of the organization by a high vote.
In 2004, the total transportation turnover of the civil aviation industry was 23 billion tons kilometers, the passenger transportation volume was 65.438+0.2 billion, the cargo and mail transportation volume was 2.73 million tons, and the general aviation operation hours were 77,000 hours.
By the end of 2004, there were 200 scheduled flights 1, including 975 domestic routes (including Hong Kong and Macao routes), 225 international routes, and 33 airports (excluding Hong Kong and Macao) 1, which served domestic civil aviation scheduled flights, forming an airport with Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou as the center and provincial capital cities and tourist cities as the hub.
The scale of the civil aviation fleet is constantly expanding. By the end of 2004, China Civil Aviation had 754 transport planes, including 680 large and medium-sized planes, all of which were the most advanced in the world.
In 2004, the total turnover of civil aviation transportation in China reached 23 billion tons kilometers (excluding Hongkong, Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan Province Province), ranking third among ICAO 188 contracting parties.