In the history of the Three Kingdoms, Liang Wudi said that he was Cao Cao.
Cao Song's son, his father Cao Song "can't judge his origin and background", but in the Song Dynasty, Pei Songzhi quoted the biography of Cao Zang written by Wu people during the Three Kingdoms period, saying that Cao Song's real name was Xiahou, but this statement was not credible. Cao Song inherited the Marquis of Cao Teng. When Cao Cao was young, he was quick-witted, but he was willful, chivalrous, unruly, uneducated and unlearned. Therefore, no one in the society thinks he has any special talents, only Qiao Xuan of Liang thinks he is different. Qiao Xuan said to Cao Cao, "There will be chaos in the world, and people who are doomed can't help it. Who can live in peace? " He Qing of Nanyang said to him: "The Han Dynasty will die, and the person who lives in the world must be this person!" Xu Shao, a word general, is famous for knowing people. He once said to Cao Cao, "You are a traitor and a hero in troubled times." According to "The History of the Three Kingdoms and Xu Shaochuan", it is "a capable minister who manages the world and a traitor in troubled times." Sun Sheng wrote in Similarities and Differences Miscellaneous Words and Romance of the Three Kingdoms that "Zi can rule the world, and traitors come out in troubled times." In A.D. 184, Cao Cao made his mark in the Yellow Scarf Uprising at the end of the Han Dynasty, and was later named as one of the eight captains of Xiyuan, and participated in the war of the world governors against Dong Zhuo. After Dong Zhuo's death, he developed his own power and fought in troubled times. He successively conquered Li Jue in Guanzhong, Lu Bu in Xuzhou and Yuan Shu in Huainan, and accepted Zhang Xiu's surrender. In 10, Cao Cao defeated Yuan Shao with fewer victories and more defeats in Guandu (now northeast of zhongmou county, Henan). In 20 1 year, Yuan Shao's army was defeated again in Cangting (now northeast of guanxian). In February 65438+2007, the northern expedition to Wuhuan County completely eradicated the remnants of Yuan's family and basically unified the Central Plains. In 208 AD, Cao Cao became the prime minister of the Eastern Han Empire. In July, Cao Cao took Liu Biao south from Jingzhou. 12 February, he fought against Sun Liu's allied forces in Chibi (in Huanggang City, Hubei Province) and lost. 2 1 1 In July, Cao Cao led his troops to the western expedition and defeated the Guanzhong armies headed by Ma Chao, thus laying the foundation of Wei State. In 2 13, Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty sent Lv Chi to confer Cao Cao as Wang Wei, and Jizhou, Bingzhou and other ten counties as Wei fiefs. The Tongque Terrace in the Wei Palace is located in Yecheng, enjoying the imperial system and gaining the supreme power of "worshiping the unknown and riding a sword to the temple". In 2 15 AD, he captured Yangpingguan and defeated and surrendered to Zhang Lu in Hanzhong. In 2 16, Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty named Cao Cao Wang Wei. On March/0/5, 220 AD, Cao Cao died in Luoyang at the age of 66. Posthumous title "Prince of Wu" was buried in Gaoling. Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor shortly after he ascended the throne, calling Cao Cao "Emperor Wu" and the temple name "Mao". Cao Cao reclaimed land in the north to build water conservancy projects, which solved the problem of insufficient rations and played a certain role in the recovery of agricultural production. Employ talents, attract the middle and lower classes of the landlord class, restrain the strongmen and strengthen centralization. The social economy of the ruling area has been restored and developed. The method of selecting a good soldier includes Sun Tzu's Art of War, The Art of War and Meng De's New Book. Good poems, such as "A Journey in the Great Miles" and "Watching the Sea", express political aspirations and reflect the tragic life of the people at the end of the Han Dynasty. They are magnificent, generous and sad. Prose is also neat. His works include Wei Wudi. Politically and militarily, Cao Cao eliminated many separatist forces, unified most of northern China, and implemented a series of policies to restore economic production and social order, which laid the foundation for the founding of Cao Wei. In terms of literature, under the impetus of Cao Cao and his son, Jian 'an literature represented by "Three Caos" (Cao Cao, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi) was formed, which was called "Jian 'an Style" in history. His poems are famous for their generosity and tragic, and left a brilliant stroke in the history of literature.
Historical achievements
Cao Cao reclaimed land in the north to build water conservancy projects, which solved the problem of insufficient rations and played a certain role in the recovery of agricultural production. Employ people on their merits, break the concept of family status, attract the middle and lower classes of the landlord class, restrain the strongmen and strengthen centralization. The social economy of the ruling area has been restored and developed. He is good at the art of war, and has written books such as A Brief Explanation of Sun Tzu's Art of War, Sun Tzu's Art of War, and Meng De's New Book. Good poems, such as Travel Notes in Haoli, Watching the Sea and The Life of a Turtle, express his political ambitions and reflect the miserable life of the people in the late Han Dynasty. He is magnificent, generous and sad, and his achievements are extraordinary. Jiang Wen plays Cao Cao in Guan Yunchang.
[1] Cao Cao's positive role in unifying the north. As mentioned earlier, at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, due to political darkness, social production was seriously damaged, and people could not live, and finally a vigorous Yellow Scarf Uprising broke out. However, under the historical conditions at that time, the peasant uprising could not achieve the final victory, which was followed by the disintegration of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the warlord scuffle. In the scuffle, not only Dong Zhuo, Li Jue and other Liangzhou warlords slaughtered people and robbed property everywhere, but also the eastern generals under the banner of diligent king. Therefore, there is a bleak scene of "people eat people and the state is depressed". Apart from the reactionary rule in the Eastern Han Dynasty, it is unforgivable to suppress the peasant uprising and the warlords who destroyed social production. But relatively speaking, there are still differences between warlords. Take Cao Cao as an example. Although he suppressed the peasant uprising and killed innocent people, from his political, military and economic performance, he was better than the warlord he eliminated. For example, he reclaimed land, built water conservancy projects and implemented the system of selling salt and iron by officials, which played a positive role in social and economic recovery and economic rectification. As soon as Cao Cao embarked on his official career, he tried to use stricter laws to change the rampant situation of extravagance of powerful people at that time. However, because the curse lies in the central government, Cao did not dare to show his intentions. It was not until he came to power himself that the policy of restraining arrogance was fully implemented. He said: "the punishment of the husband is also the life of the people"; The policy of bringing order out of chaos should put punishment first. He used Wang Xiu, Sima Zhi, Yang Pei, Lv Qian, Man Chong, Jia Kui and other local officials to curb the lawless strongmen. If we compare Yuan Shao's and Cao Cao's political skills in Jizhou, we can see two different situations: "At the end of the Han Dynasty, politics was lenient and salt was lenient, so we didn't take it." Under Yuan Shao's lenient policy, "it is not enough to make the powerful and powerful arrogant, annex their relatives, make the people poor and weak, pay taxes on their behalf, and show off their wealth." As a result, it is naturally impossible to be "people-friendly to Qiang Bing". So Yuan Shao was defeated by Cao Cao, although he was big, with many soldiers and food. After the war in Jizhou, he immediately "emphasized the method of merging and strengthening the country" to achieve the effect of "making the people happy". Sima Guang said that Cao Cao's "turning chaos into governance" was not groundless. Moreover, the use of people is not heavy. He chooses officials to "understand the law" and can govern the country according to law. Cao Cao also advocates honesty. He used Cui Yan and Mao Jie for the election. "Everyone he uses is honest and upright. Although he was famous at that time, he didn't do what he should do, and he was finally admitted. " Thrift guides people, so people all over the world are inspired by honesty and thrift. Although your minister, dare not cross. "The social atmosphere has improved. Generally speaking, under Cao Cao's rule, the Yellow River Basin became politically clear to a certain extent, the economy gradually recovered, the class oppression was slightly alleviated, and the social atmosphere was improved. Therefore, some measures taken by Cao Cao in the name of Han Dynasty still have positive effects.