The first is to protect rights by legislation, and we will never tolerate the acts of making and selling fake goods and deceiving consumers. The "Guanshijin" promulgated in the Tang Dynasty stipulates that every year, there must be a special person to inspect the measuring instruments of all merchants, and the unqualified merchants should be severely punished. At the same time, it is stipulated that if food goes bad, it must be destroyed on the spot, those who illegally sell it will be imprisoned for three years, and those who cause death will be sentenced to death, as an example.
The second is anti-counterfeiting verification, similar to the current trademarks and anti-counterfeiting codes. During the Song Dynasty, the shoes made by Ren Ichiro were well known, so there were many fakes on the market. In order to crack down on counterfeit goods, Ren Yilang hid a piece of paper on the inside of the shoes, which wrote the production time and number of the shoes. By the Ming and Qing dynasties, the more famous products basically had their own anti-counterfeiting verification, and gradually formed trademarks.
The third is guild supervision. In the Song Dynasty, the court ordered all kinds of merchants to form various guilds, and merchants must register to join the guilds and accept their supervision. The guild is mainly responsible for spot-checking the quality of goods, and consumers can complain to the guild if they buy fake and shoddy products.
The fourth is the return system. "Tang Law" stipulates that if there is any problem within three days after the goods are sold, consumers can find a merchant to return them unconditionally, and a notary will check them. If the merchant refuses to return the goods, the consumer can report it to the official, and the official will intervene and give the merchant certain punishment.