Introduction: 193 1 On May 29th, 2008, accompanied by Japanese architect Araki Kisano and photographer Hideyoshi Iwata, who lived in Beijing (called Beiping in Japan), I drove to Dongling (where the tombs of Qing Shunzhi, Kangxi, Qianlong, Xianfeng and Tongzhi were located). On the way, they passed by Jixian County and occasionally saw a single-story door on the left side of the road, separated by a brick wall. This is an ancient building. These Japanese scholars parked their cars and entered through the side door. They saw a plaque hanging at the entrance of the top mountain of a single-story pyramid with four corners, titled "Dule Temple", and the left and right two King Kong Lux were facing each other in the door. Then I saw a two-story building, Guanyin Pavilion, standing upright, with a statue of Guanyin more than 50 feet high inside. This Dule Temple is one of the three major temples in Liao Dynasty in China. Its earliest historical record can be traced back to Zhenguan 10 in the Tang Dynasty. The Dule Temple we see now was rebuilt in the second year of Liao Dynasty (984). This is a thousand-year-old temple. From the architectural style, it is obvious that it belongs to Liao architecture, which shows that its carving is also synchronous with architecture. Today, we will analyze the architectural features of Shanmen and Guanyinge from Dule Temple, a thousand-year-old temple in Jixian County, Liao Dynasty. The discovery of the oldest Liao Dynasty wooden structure in China at Dule Temple in Jixian County is purely accidental and very gratifying. I decided to investigate this Galand on my way back because I need to get to the scheduled destination Dongling. First look at the gates of Dule Temple and Guanyin Pavilion, explain the internal Buddha statues, and then discuss the architectural age. Architectural features of the mountain gate of Dule Temple The mountain gate has three rooms and one household, with a pyramid-shaped roof, which may be an ancient relic. On the low stone altar, there is a step before and after. The column has a convex part, the bucket arch is a double-hop bucket arch, and the elbow-wood arc curve consists of a concave curve and an arc. The first end of the end face is obliquely cut, and the round rubber is supported by thin solid elbow wood. The second, third and fourth cubits attached to the wall are made of cubits. There is also a double-jump bucket arch in the bucket, but it is somewhat different from the bucket arch on the column. Local map of the mountain gate of Dule Temple in Jixian County The eaves of the bucket arch are double-glue structures with round cornices, which are generally seen. However, this is a later repair. The eaves are small, and the wood size specifications are also small. The two ends of the column are cut vertically, without platform wheels, which is ancient. Decorative braces between columns and crossbars and railings at the waist of columns were added later. There is a plaque hanging in the middle, which says "Dule Temple". The ground is paved with square bricks, and there is no floor at the caisson, and the rafters are exposed. Double rainbow beams are erected, loaded with slabs, supported by short beams and columns, three buckets and elbow wood, and supported by a short column inclined at both ends of the double rainbow beams. This is also an ancient system. The roof is paved with round tiles and flat tiles, and the owl tails at both ends of the roof have an ancient rhyme, similar to the Liao Dynasty architecture, the Daxiong Hall of Huayan Temple in Datong, Shanxi Province, and the owl tails of Hindu Tibetan temples in India. Beasts are juxtaposed on the eaves of the four corners for fear of adding them later. The inside and outside of Dule Temple are painted in plain colors, and the inside of the left and right side walls depict the four great kings, which were made by later generations. There is King Kong Lux on the left in front of the door. It is about 16 feet high and salty. Although it is a decoration for future generations, it still looks magnificent. It takes coffee as raw material, wears a crown, a chest ornament, holds a diamond pestle, pinches the wrist and cheats, which better shows the relaxation of muscles, and quite realistically shapes the pleated basket of the waist skirt of heaven and man and its flying feeling. Even after being repaired by later generations, its general posture and appearance are still the same as those of that year, and the building belongs to Liao Dynasty. Overview of Guanyin Pavilion in Dule Temple Architectural Features Guanyin Pavilion (Grand Pavilion) is five rooms wide and four rooms deep. Double-decked eaves rest on the top of the mountain, a stone altar stands, and there is a platform in front. Recently, the eaves of the upper and lower floors have been repaired, so that the eaves are too short and the rafters are slender, which does not match the large-size components such as the bucket arch, seriously damaging the aesthetics of the building. I'm sorry. There are three rooms in the center of the front of the first floor, one in the middle of the south is the entrance, two rooms at both ends, and brick walls in the east, west and north. The column is thick and has a round protrusion, and no table wheel is needed. The bucket arch is a four-hop arch, such as King Kong Gate, which has a fist end and a low solid elbow, a round elbow with a continuous arc, and a double-layer rubber roof supporting a circular cross section. Its small caisson and supporting wheel were modified by later generations, but the style at that time was slightly preserved. Elbow wood and the elbow wood on the wall of Guanyin Pavilion are elbow wood, just like King Kong Gate. There is a three-story flat bucket arch made of elbow wood between the three bucket arches in the middle, but there is no bucket beam or flat grave support below. It seems that the bucket arch has not been completed yet, which makes people feel a little inadequate. In addition, all the flat bucket arches are missing between the ends. The eaves are round and square, but as mentioned above, they have been rebuilt for future generations and are quite poor. There are no doors at the three entrances in front of Li Yin, but there are carved window roots between the door frame and the caisson, which were built in that year or rebuilt later. On the second floor, five rooms are wide and four rooms are deep. The first three rooms in the middle are people, and the other rooms are walls. There are cloisters around, supported by the waist arch of the double-hop bucket arch, and there are cloisters around. The second-floor bucket arch is a four-floor bucket, and the third and fourth-floor buckets adopt a double-floor tail hammer, and the tail end of the tail hammer is obliquely cut. There is also a kind of boxing end that is cut vertically and is also ancient. The penetrating end of Guanyin Pavilion column is also cut vertically. Two-jump bucket arches are used between the bucket arches, and there is no bucket beam or slab grave stock under them, which is the same as the first floor. Inside, one room is open around, as the outer hall, and the other three rooms are the inner hall in the center, with a round Buddhist altar in Tang Dynasty style and railings around it. It looks antique, but it is not clear whether it was made in that year. There is a Guanyin statue in the altar * * *, which is more than 50 feet high, and a Bodhisattva statue (suspected as "Brahma Indra") is placed on the left and right, which is about 10 foot high. Because such a large Buddha statue was placed in the hall, the caisson on the first floor of the inner hall was partially opened and directly connected with the second floor, forming a double-layer structure. On the first floor, a double-hop bucket arch is adopted, with railings around it and a Lei Wen-shaped raft in the middle. Its techniques are reminiscent of the railings of Jintang in Horyuji, Pentecostal Pagoda and Fahuatang Buddhist altar in Dongda Temple. On the second floor, the floor is cut into a flat hexagon, and the railing is also supported by a double-hop bucket arch. There is a complicated thunder wooden root between the middle end crossbar and the lower end crossbar of Guanyin Pavilion railing. Double-jump bucket arches are also used between buckets, and the bucket arches are supported by strange bucket bundles with plate-like strands. Through the wooden stairs located on the west side of the main hall, you can go up and down the first and second floors, and you can browse around the waist and chest of Guanyin statue. The caisson on the upper floor of the main hall is a wooden lattice caisson supported by a four-hop bucket arch, especially on the upper part of the elephant, with an octagonal cone and a triangular diamond intersecting each corner beam. The upper floor is surrounded by cloisters, supported by three-hop arches, especially in the middle part of the front, with railings as a whole. It is decorated with colors inside and outside, but it is quite simple. Only the painted patterns such as outer column penetration, elbow wood, circle and small wall were added by later generations. The roof is interlaced with velvet round tiles and flat tiles, as well as Bawa and Tangcao tiles considered to be Liao Dynasty. There is a tower in the center of the roof with its tail at both ends. Put a vertical kiss at the lower end of the vertical ridge and a wild animal on it. It is impossible to determine the age because it is impossible to observe it at close range. The Guanyin statue in front of Guanyin Pavilion in Dule Temple is shaped. Roughly, the height from the lower floor to the upper floor is 33 feet 8 inches, and the upper floor is about 15 feet from the lower end of Da Hongliang, and from there to the top of Guanyin is about 3 feet, so the height of the statue is about 5 1 foot. The statue is so high that it has never been seen anywhere else. Although it has been repaired and painted by later generations, its overall posture still maintains the style of that year, with a well-proportioned and regular face and a gentle and dignified state. The statue of Guanyin stands in front of the Buddha statue (suspected as "Brahma Indra"), about ten feet high. Unfortunately, the waiter on the right (opposite to the left) lost his right hand, and the waiter on the left injured his right eye and lost his left hand. Now, observing Erli Bodhisattva, she looks gentle, elegant, dignified and beautiful, with neat posture, and her clothes are quite realistic and steady, and later generations seldom repair them, retaining the style of that year. Only the color pattern was changed in modern times, but the previous style was largely retained. Its style is still the legacy of the Tang Dynasty, and we can see the aftertaste of Japanese sculpture in the Lening era. In fact, it is the oldest existing work in Liao Dynasty, and it is also an unparalleled masterpiece. Summary of the inscription on Ganlong of Dule Temple: The mountain gate of Dule Temple is the same as Guanyin Pavilion, which was rebuilt in Liao Dynasty. Its structure and technique can be said to be the representative of Liao architecture, and the King Kong Lux statue placed inside is also from Liao Dynasty. Although it was repaired by later generations, it generally reflected the style and technique at that time. Dule Temple is a famous ancient Galand. In the Ming Dynasty, Wang Hongzhuo wrote in the Record of Repairing Dule Temple: "It is the first Buddhist temple in Zhou Ye Palace and named Dule Temple. The man in the temple is called Brother Dashi. Cabinet hero known as Bodhisattva. " In the inner hall of Guanyin Pavilion, the plaque of Gan Long Imperial Pen "Pumenxiangjie" is hung on the front, and the plaque of Weifeng Imperial Pen "with a circle" is hung on the first floor. Only in this way can we achieve the prosperity of temple fair traffic in Buganlong and Xianfeng times. In addition, "Dule Morning Lantern" is one of the eight scenic spots in Yuyang, which shows that the temple is a famous ancient resort. But in recent years, the temple has been abandoned, and its monk room is used by primary schools. Unfortunately, the oldest and most expensive buildings in China, without any protection, are gradually tilting with their tall statues! Graphic author: brave people indulge themselves, welcome to read and pay attention. This article is original for historians, please don't copy it! The picture comes from the internet. If there are any questions, I will deal with them immediately. Reference: Xiudule Temple, an ancient architectural art in China.