The reform of the Soviet Union was initiated by Khrushchev, so Khrushchev can be regarded as the first generation reformer of the Soviet Union. However, it is precisely because its reform is the first time that Khrushchev's reform is rough because of lack of argumentation, and its policy is also impactful. After Brezhnev came to power, in order to overcome Khrushchev's shortcomings, he was no longer so reckless, which affected Brezhnev's later reforms in the Soviet Union. Brezhnev carried out the "new economic system" reform in 1965, but in a few years, while the Soviet Union stifled the reform movement in Czechoslovakia, its own reform also came to an abrupt end, and the new economic system and the "Prague Spring" both died together. Brezhnev's reform promoted the development of Soviet productive forces to a certain extent. However, due to his personal superstition and the aging of the Politburo with him as the core, the reform in the early 1980s did not play a role in invigorating the economy. In addition, the Soviet Union and the United States are in full swing for hegemony, and the Soviet economy is becoming more and more militarized. 1985 March 1 1: Gorbachev entered the Kremlin, and the Soviet Union was already at home and abroad when it came to power. At home, the development of the national economy has also stagnated, and various social contradictions have become increasingly serious. Externally, the global offensive launched by the Soviet Union in the 1970s began to be comprehensively countered by western groups. The "Star Wars Plan" put forward by the United States put the Soviet Union in danger of being dragged down by a new round of arms race, and the protracted war in Afghanistan also made the Soviet Union pay a heavy price. It can be considered that when Gorbachev came to power, the original foreign policy of the Soviet Union was unsustainable. In order to cooperate with domestic policy, Gorbachev made major adjustments to the foreign policy of the Soviet Union. Gorbachev "shouted loudly" in the report of the 27th Congress of CPSU: "The situation requires reform." And "accelerating the national socialist economic development is the key to solving all our problems; Only in this way can we achieve a new situation in Soviet society. He also talked about "improving social class relations, hunger nationalism" and "opening wider to the outside world", which attracted thunderous applause from time to time. " However, Gorbachev's "democratization" has no class. There are no boundaries between openness, abstraction and humanitarianism. An abnormal public opinion has been formed in China, which has gradually led the reform to a misunderstanding and caused great ideological confusion in Soviet society.
Hunger reform in socialist countries first began in Eastern Europe. After the establishment of the socialist system, all eastern European countries applied the Soviet model and formed a highly centralized management system. The Soviet model was originally a special model implemented in an extraordinary state. However, after the war, the Soviet Union "imported" into Eastern Europe without thinking, and its disadvantages became increasingly apparent. As a result, the reform phenomenon of reforming the Soviet model and taking its own path emerged one after another. Therefore, the Soviet Union and other eastern regions have been involved in the wave of socialist reform to varying degrees, forming an irreversible situation. However, the Soviet Union's reform in Eastern Europe did not achieve the goal of perfecting socialism. On the contrary, the reform came to a dead end, and the intensification of various contradictions reached an unmanageable level, which eventually made socialism lose its foundation for survival and development, and the * * * regime was also lost.
1in the summer of 988, the reform of the Soviet Union faced a complicated situation. On the one hand, economic reform is stagnant, on the other hand, left-wing radicalism is developing rapidly. 1990 After the 28th Congress of the CPSU was held, the situation in the Soviet Union changed dramatically, and various political forces were combined one after another, basically forming three forces, namely, the radical faction headed by Yeltsin, the centrist faction headed by Gorbachev and the traditional faction headed by Li Gachev. In this context, the 8654,38+09 incident broke out, because it should be said that yanayev and others launched the 8654,38+09 incident to stop the evolution of the Soviet Union. However, the rapid failure of the 8 19 incident accelerated the evolution of the Soviet Union. With a history of 93 years and 74 years in power, CPSU collapsed in an instant. CPSU, which used to fly over the Soviet Union, landed under party flag. The collapse of CPSU was a milestone in the evolution of the Soviet Union. Without the Soviet Union, the Soviet Union will surely embark on the road of disintegration.
The integration of eastern Europe began in Poland, followed by Hungary and the Democratic Republic of Germany ... Although the evolution process of each country is basically the same, the ways of political power transfer in eastern European countries are very different, which can be roughly divided into three categories: First, there are cracks in the top of the ruling party, and it is ruined and eventually loses state power, such as Hungary. Second, the ruling * * * tried to resist or even fight back under the impact of the comprehensive role at home and abroad, but was forced to hand over the regime and step down under the slogan of "unity, harmony, cooperation and concerted efforts", such as Poland, Democratic Germany, Czechoslovakia and Bulgaria. The third is to realize regime change and mutation through the struggle form of sock conflict, which is the most intense and sharp integration in Eastern Europe, such as Romania.
To sum up, it is not difficult to see that the Soviet Union put down the red flag and re-selected the social system in Eastern Europe, not because the initial revolution should not have broken out, but because of the combined efforts of internal and external factors in the process of socialist construction. This is also a socialist revolution. China has withstood the test of history, and the construction of Socialism with Chinese characteristics has achieved great success, which on the other hand proves that the revolution is correct and beyond doubt.
Taking history as a mirror, we can know that although our great country survived the catastrophe, it also paid the price of blood. But practice has proved that our vision is far-sighted. Although the price is too high. But we must know that in those days, nothing was more important than our socialist country. The integration of the Soviet Union and the East also proves a truth, when a major event occurs or the country encounters a major setback. Countries that adopt a "federal" or "confederate" system are likely to fall apart. Besides, these two systems are inherently unstable, with only permanent interests and no permanent friends. Who will share joys and sorrows with us? Now, we can't let our guard down because of the "federal" system in Taiwan Province Province. We should also understand that development is the last word, give priority to the development of socialist productive forces, refrain from confrontation, arms race or clique, and always be alert to the peaceful evolution of hostile forces. Also, because China is a country with democratic centralism, in case of Gorbachev-style * * *, the consequences will be unimaginable. In the 1970s and 1980s, the Soviet Union was worried about the age and health of * * *, and the age of * * * in China should not be underestimated. Therefore, we must have an effective supervision system and a reasonable democratic system in line with China's national conditions.