Liangzhou, one of the thirteen secretariat departments of Han Dynasty. Because it is in the west of China, it is also called Xiliang. "Liangzhou" in the history of China is not only Liangzhou District in Gansu today. Since the county was founded in the Han Dynasty, the name of Liangzhou has been changed many times, sometimes it is called Wuwei, sometimes it is called Guzang, sometimes it is called Xiliang, sometimes it is called Liang Qian, and its territory is also large and small. At its peak, it occupied more than half of Gansu and extended to several surrounding provinces, known as "Liangzhou Malaysia, running all over the world". (See Song of Shi Jing is a track song, Book of Songs, No.43 Liangzhou Loss: Aunt Liangzhou is rampant all over the world. Liangzhou coward, thieves disappear. At the end of the Han Dynasty, Liangzhou warlords Dong Zhuo (later Li Bo ┞ persimmon), Ma Teng (later Ma Chao) and Han Sui's Xiliang Army (later Xiliang Rebel Army) spanned more than half of China, and no one could beat them. However, Liangzhou's position in the history of China cannot be measured by the size of its territory. The study of China culture cannot bypass Liangzhou. For example, when Buddhism was introduced into the Central Plains, Liangzhou was the most crucial stop, and the Buddha's light came from the west. Since then, it has spread and has a later pattern; Kumarajiva, the four great translators of Buddhist scriptures in China, lived in Liangzhou for more than ten years, and his understanding of China Han culture was completed in Liangzhou. Up to now, his famous flaming tongue is still buried in Liangzhou, and he has been worshipped by passers-by in past dynasties; Learn from China's architecture, and you can't avoid Liangzhou. The original source of the pattern of ancient capitals such as Beijing and Xi 'an is Liangzhou. ..... In short, many aspects of China culture originated in Liangzhou. There are many corresponding evidences in Chen's On the Origin of Sui and Tang Systems.
There are two kinds of statements.
Question 2: Where is Liangzhou in the Tang Dynasty now? It is today's Gansu Province, also known as Hexi Corridor. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties in the Three Kingdoms at the end of Han Dynasty, the warlord named Zhang was called the King of Xiliang.
Question 3: Where is the ancient Liangzhou now? "Liangzhou" in the history of China is not only Liangzhou District in Gansu today. Since the county was founded in the Han Dynasty, the name of Liangzhou has been changed many times, sometimes it is called Wuwei, sometimes it is called Guzang, sometimes it is called Xiliang, sometimes it is called Liang Qian, and its territory is also large and small. At its peak, it occupied more than half of Gansu and extended to several surrounding provinces, known as "Liangzhou Malaysia, running all over the world". However, Liangzhou's position in the history of China cannot be measured by the size of its territory. The study of China culture cannot bypass Liangzhou. For example, when Buddhism was introduced into the Central Plains, Liangzhou was the most crucial stop, and the Buddha's light came from the west. Since then, it has spread and has a later pattern; Kumarajiva, the four great translators of Buddhist scriptures in China, lived in Liangzhou for more than ten years, and his understanding of China Han culture was completed in Liangzhou. Up to now, his famous flaming tongue is still buried in Liangzhou, and he has been worshipped by passers-by in past dynasties; Learn from China's architecture, and you can't avoid Liangzhou. The original source of the pattern of ancient capitals such as Beijing and Xi 'an is Liangzhou. ..... In short, many aspects of China culture originated in Liangzhou. There are many corresponding evidences in Chen's On the Origin of Sui and Tang Systems.
The geographical location of Liangzhou is very important. Lanzhou in the east, Xinjiang in the west, mountains far away, and deserts all around. "The first line is connected with the desert, and the throat of five counties is gripped." Gulang Gorge is known as the "Golden Gate and Silver Lock" in the west of China. The narrowest part is only a few meters. One person can keep it, and ten thousand people can't. Therefore, many stories have been left, for example, the female general of Yangmen in the Song Dynasty, when conquering Xixia, went to Gulang Gorge and committed suicide by jumping off a cliff, leaving the legend of "Twelve Widows Tearing Cliffs". Also marked with Ma Jiajun in Gulang Gorge fierce battle, heavy casualties. Last time, I brought Wu Jinhai and Huang Tao, editors of Shanghai Culture Publishing House, to my home. When they passed Gulang Gorge, they couldn't help wondering: No wonder the marked army was frustrated. Here, as long as the machine gun is erected, it is difficult to pass. Indeed, it is a long and narrow corridor, with thousands of steep cliffs, like the waist of bees, and a path winding west in the middle. The western part of Liangzhou is Qilian Mountain, the eastern part is Tengger and Badain Jaran Desert, and the central part is the "Hexi Corridor" in geography books. Grasping Liangzhou means grasping the throat of the Silk Road.
Liangzhou, because of its important geographical position, has become an important town of the Silk Road and a city of economic exchanges, which also determines its profound cultural accumulation. Liangzhou has been relatively stable since ancient times. As the old saying goes: "Qinchuan, blood has no wrist, only Liangzhou leans on the fence." Liangzhou people love peace, never exclude others, can bear the burden of humiliation, pay attention to "losing is a blessing", merchants never bully the weak and fear the hard, and gradually become an economic and cultural center. In the Tang Dynasty, "there were 100,000 households in Liangzhou, and the Hu people played the pipa half-heartedly." Said.
Liangzhou has a long history. According to research, during the primitive clan commune, there were people living here. Bronzes were used here more than four thousand years ago. The Spring and Autumn Period was Xirong's territory. When Zhou Youwang had the honor of praising him and playing the vassal in the bonfire, there were ancestors of Liangzhou people among the soldiers of Xirong who invaded the land of pickaxe. After the Warring States period, Liangzhou was the residence of the Yue people, and was later occupied by the Xiongnu King of Hugh Land. In the Han Dynasty, Huo Qubing, a general in ancient times, led an army to attack the Huns and won. Hexi corridor cried bitterly: "My Qilian Mountain died, which made my livestock lose interest;" If I die, I will hold the mountain and make my daughter colorless. " Since then, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty has set up four counties in Hexi, and Liangzhou was originally named "Wuwei", which belongs to the central territory.
Liangzhou people love peace. For thousands of years, there has never been a peasant uprising in this land. The only so-called "riot" was initiated by Qi Feiqing, an anti-Qingchuan scholar in the late Qing Dynasty. At that time, the government's oppression of the people had reached the extreme. The lyrics of Liangzhou Minor say: "Dolls need to climb for money, and old people need crutches." Excessive taxes are a dime a dozen. Qi Feiqing and others, who were said to have connections with Dr. Sun Yat-sen at that time, based themselves on society, spread chicken feather news, mobilized the people and rebelled against the government. This action is called "riot" in the annals, but the people call it "beating the police". This title is very interesting. The former is integrated into the national justice, while the latter is just venting anger. Liangzhou people can call the court "Qing" or "Ming". They only care about whether the other party bullies themselves. There is a little song in Liangzhou, which is dedicated to this story: thousands of people poured into the streets and smashed the patrol building. The masses were furious and arrogant, and when the officers and men arrived, the birds and animals dispersed. Qi Feiqing fled, then sneaked back to Liangzhou and brought up the case again, but his cousin denounced him and told the court to arrest him and behead him. This is the most masculine action in Liangzhou history. Rush in a hubbub and disperse in a hubbub, neither spreading in all directions nor lacking due tenacity. This is no accident. People who understand this truth will understand Liangzhou.
Compared with the war-torn history of China, >>
Question 4: Where is Liangzhou in the Tang Dynasty now? Liangzhou in the Tang Dynasty is now Wuwei.
Question 5: Where are Youzhou, Chongzhou and Liangzhou in the Tang Dynasty? At that time, Youzhou was under the jurisdiction of Jixian County (now southwest Beijing). Note that it is not Jixian County in Tianjin today. Today, Jixian County in Tianjin was then Jizhou). You Zhou Xia Ling 15 County is Changping County, located in the southwest of Changping District, Beijing, except Jixian County, where the state capital is located. Lu Xian County: The government is located in the east of Tongzhou District, Beijing. Anci County: Located in Jiuzhou Town, Langfang City, Hebei Province. Gu 'an County: Today's Gu 'an County, Hebei Province. Yongnu County: Wuqing County, Tianjin. Huichang County: Yongqing County, Hebei Province today. Guiyi County: Located in the northwest of Xiongxian County, Hebei Province. Liangxiang County: Located in liangxiang town, Fangshan District, Beijing. Fanyang County: Zhuozhou City, Hebei Province today. Longshan county: it is located in the west of Langfang city, Hebei province. Binhai County: The seat of the government is in the southwest of Beijing. Hua Wei County: It is located in Fangshan District, Beijing. Huairou County: today's Shunyi District of Beijing (note, Ming Hongwu moved to Huairou District of Beijing today when he resumed Huairou County in the 13th year). Liaoxi County: Zhiwangmintun, Zhangjiapu Township, southeast of Yixian County, Liaoning Province.
Question 6: What city or place is Liangzhou now? Is it the westernmost city on the border between China and foreign countries since the Tang Dynasty? Hello, this is Wuwei City, Gansu Province, and the downtown area of Wuwei is called Liangzhou District. Liangzhou is indeed a region, but * * * in today's Wuwei, that is, the nearby area belonged to Liangzhou in ancient times (you can check the entry of Wuwei in the encyclopedia). During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Wuwei was once bordered by the west. Yangmu 'an Yumenguan (now Jiuquan City) and Jiayuguan (now Jiayuguan City) were all in the west of Wuwei, but with Zhang Qian connecting the western regions, it has already reached Xinjiang in Central Asia. During the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the westernmost border of China was close to Kyrgyzstan in Central Asia. After the Anshi Rebellion, China gradually lost control of Xinjiang, and the border retreated to the west of Gansu (Xinjiang was not recovered until the Yuan Dynasty), but there was a beacon tower near Wuwei because of the Great Wall of Wan Li.
Question 7: Where is Xiliang in the Tang Dynasty now? The border of Xiliang is in Gansu (because it is west of Liangzhou, it is called Xiliang). It is Yongzhou in Sui Dynasty and Longyou Road in Tang Dynasty.
Xiliang (another name for Wuwei County and Liangzhou in Han Dynasty) is the western part of Liangzhou State. Xiliang has changed the name of Liangzhou many times since Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty built Wuwei County. The Qiang people ruled Hexi Corridor as ancient Tibet, and the Western Han Dynasty built Wuwei County as west cool. At one time, its territory was large and small. When it was large, it occupied most of Gansu and extended to several surrounding provinces. It was called Liangzhou in history. Xiliang (400-4, 265, 438+0), during the Sixteen States Period of the Jin Dynasty, there was a "five cool" regime in Liangzhou area. Historians call the Li regime centered on Jiuquan in the west of Liangzhou Xiliang to distinguish it from the other four regimes.