Chaoshan has been called "Chaozhou" for nearly 2000 years in history, such as "Chaozhou" (Sui, Tang and Song Dynasties), "Chaozhou Road" (Yuan Dynasty) and "Chaozhou House" (Ming and Qing Dynasties). It was not until the thirty-second year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1906) that the name "Chaoshan" came into being.
The origin of the word "Chaoshan" originated from Zhang Yunan, an overseas Chinese leader in Indonesia in the late Qing Dynasty.
1903, under the persuasion and encouragement of Zhang Bishi, the leader of overseas Chinese in Nanyang, the famous Indonesian overseas Chinese leader Zhang Yunan (Rong Xuan, a native of Songkou Town, Meixian County) was invited to return to China and decided to participate in the railway construction in his hometown. Zhang Yunan was received by Empress Dowager Cixi shortly after she entered Beijing, which was a special honor at that time. He proposed to the Qing court a plan to build the Chaoshan Railway in the lower reaches of the Han River, which was approved. Since then, it has taken an important step towards the ideal of "saving the country through industry".
The Chaoshan Railway to be built by Zhang Yunan starts from Shantou in the south and ends at Chaoan in the north, with a total length of 39 kilometers. Later, the Yixi branch line was added, with a length of 42 kilometers. After the route was determined, the Qing court sent Zhan Tianyou, a famous engineer, to conduct field investigation and decided to start construction. All projects, tracks, locomotives, carriages and platforms are appraised by Jardine Matheson, UK, with a total cost of 654.38+0.80-654.38+0.9 million yuan. On this basis, Zhang Yunan and Zhang Hongnan invited their relatives and friends to subscribe for shares, with an estimated value of 3 million yuan, of which the Zhang brothers each subscribed for 1 10,000 yuan.
Chaoshan Railway opens in Zhang Zhiqing.
Chaoshan Railway 1903 is ready to start construction, 1904 starts construction, and 1906 completes all trunk lines. In the same year, the "Chaoshan" locomotive was equipped and officially opened to traffic on 1 16, becoming the first railway in China's modern history. The carriages and headstock used in Chaoshan Railway are imported, and the coal-fired headstock imported from the United States provides strong power for the train. As a result, the word "Chaoshan" came into being and became increasingly known.
From the opening of 1906 Chaoshan Railway to the destruction and demolition of 1939 by the Japanese invaders, * * * existed for 33 years. During this period, it played a great role in the local passenger and freight transportation and the prosperity of urban and rural economy in Chaoshan.
After the completion of Chaoshan Railway, the Qing court awarded Zhang Yu the third-class standby in Nanjing and Tang Dynasty in recognition of his achievements. Soon, he was promoted to Minister of Commerce to inspect Nanyang.
Shantou Station of Chaoshan Railway.
1907 On May 22nd, Ding Wei Raoping Huanggang Uprising broke out, which was an armed uprising led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen personally to overthrow the feudal dynasty of Qing Dynasty. This armed uprising was four years earlier than 19 1 1 year191year Wuchang Uprising, creating the "six firsts" in the old democratic revolution. However, Singapore's Nanyang Daily accused Sun Yat-sen of colluding with Chaoshan society and instigating Huanggang Uprising. The name "Chaoshan" appeared in newspapers and has been widely known since then.
Shantou was established 192 1, and the city hall directly under the province was established. Shantou began to keep pace with Chaozhou Fucheng. Since then, the pattern of "Chao" and "Shantou" has been formed, and people are used to the names of Chaoshan people and Chaoshan dialect.
199 1 year, Shantou is divided into Shantou, Chaozhou and Jieyang. Since then, "Chaoshan" has become a fixed title, generally referring to Shantou, Chaozhou and Jieyang. There is also a big Chaoshan, including the above three cities plus Shanwei and Fengshun (whether Shanwei is Chaoshan or not, there is a special article before Chaoshan water, and interested friends can check it in the historical news).
However, overseas hipsters still use their old names, calling themselves chaozhou people, and their native place is often called "Chaozhou".
German-made steam locomotive running on Chaoshan Railway.
Since Chaoshan is known as big Chaoshan and small Chaoshan, Chaozhou can also be known as big Chaozhou and small Chaozhou. We can also equate Chaoshan with Great Chaozhou.
Although the Chaoshan Railway has long gone up in smoke, the achievements left by the Zhang Yunan brothers in building their hometown have mistakenly created the word "Chaoshan", which will always be remembered by future generations. Today, Shantou still has a "train road" (located on Wuqiao Island, connecting Yilan Bridge and jiefang bridge). Old Shantou people also used to call jiefang bridge "train bridge" and Chaoshan Road "train road" or "railway". The original starting point of Chaoshan Railway is located near Shantou Bus Terminal, and jiefang bridge is Chaoshan Railway Station. Today, the subgrade of Chaoshan highway is the Chaoshan railway line of that year.
After the Chaoshan Railway was demolished, no more railways were built in Chaoshan area for a long time. It was not until 1995 that the Guangmeishan Railway was completed and opened to traffic. In 20 13, Xiamen-Shenzhen high-speed railway was completed, and Chaoshan has a high-speed railway network extending in all directions. As early as a hundred years ago, the "Chaoshan Railway" was a miracle created by Chaoshan people, which also showed that Chaoshan people had the spirit of pioneering and being the first.
The train stops at Shantou Station of Chaoshan Railway.
After talking about the origin of Chaoshan, we have to talk about "congou" (some people call it congou, so I won't go into details here).
Gongfu tea originated in Song Dynasty, which is a combination of tea-making technology and tea set, and it is the most popular in Chaozhou Prefecture (now Chaoshan area). The reason why it is called congou tea is that this way of making tea is extremely exquisite, and this time it is for the knowledge of brewing and drinking. Su Zhe has a poem saying: "Fujian's tea is the best in the world, and I don't know how to devote myself to tea." (The Chaoshan area belonged to Fujian in ancient times, so Su Zhe refers to Chaoshan and Minnan areas with "middle of Fujian" in his poems. )
Nowadays, many people are debating whether congou is called "congou" or "Chaoshan congou". Always fighting like this makes Jieyang people embarrassed! Should it also be called "Jieyang congou"? In fact, Bian Xiao only heard of "Jieyang Fried Tea".
Everyone is from Chaoshan. It doesn't matter what you call them. Anyway, they mean the same thing. There is a saying in Chaoshan that "fertilizer and water don't flow to outsiders". Arguments are all about self-pity.