Russia is a country dominated by small-scale peasant economy, and the agricultural population accounts for 4/5 of the national population. During this period, Russian society was still czar tyranny and feudal serfdom.

/kloc-in the first half of the 0/9th century, capitalist factors gradually developed in Russian serfdom society. Large factories gradually replaced handicraft workshops, machine production gradually replaced manual operation, and free wage labor gradually replaced serf labor. In agriculture, the commodity economy has made great progress, the self-sufficient natural economy is disintegrating day by day, and the development of capitalism requires breaking the bondage of serfdom. However, Russia is still a backward feudal serfdom country with a narrow market and a lack of free labor, and its social economy lags far behind that of western European countries.

From 65438 to 1950s, Russia suffered a crushing defeat in the Crimean War, which further aggravated the domestic social and economic crisis.

1860 carried out the reform of serfdom, which alleviated social contradictions and developed the economy to a certain extent.