Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
1, time:1949 September 2, location: Beiping.
3. Main contents: The meeting adopted the "Common Program for People's Political Consultation in China" (which played the role of an interim constitution). Elect Mao Zedong as the chairman of the Central People's Government; The general assembly decided to use the five-star red flag as the national flag; March of the Volunteers as the national anthem; Take Beiping as the capital, change its name to Beijing, and adopt the year of AD; The congress decided to build a monument to the people's heroes in Tiananmen Square.
People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded: opening a new era in history.
1, time: 1949 10 10/founding ceremony was held, announcing the establishment of the central people's government and marking the establishment of new China.
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Significance: The establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC) opened a new era in the history of China. Since then, China has ended the humiliating history of being invaded and enslaved for more than 100 years and truly became an independent country; Since then, the people of China have stood up and become the masters of the country.
The establishment of New China has strengthened the forces of world peace, democracy and socialism, and inspired the liberation struggle of oppressed nations and people in the world.
Peaceful liberation of Tibet
1, time:1951May, Tibet was peacefully liberated.
2. Significance: At this point, the mainland of the motherland has achieved reunification and all ethnic groups have achieved great unity.
Lesson 2
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1June, 950, Korean civil war broke out (background). In order to resist US aggression and aid Korea and defend the country, Chinese people's Volunteer Army, with Peng as the commander, left for the Korean front on June 1950 (time).
2. Heroes: Give your life to block the loophole-Huang Jiguang, live in the fire forever-Qiu.
3. Because the volunteers carried forward a high degree of patriotism, internationalism and revolutionary heroism in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, they were not afraid of sacrifice and won the war with enthusiasm, optimism and courage.
Therefore, people call Chinese people's Volunteer Army "the cutest person".
Lesson 3
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Time: On June 1950, the Central People's Government promulgated the Land Reform Law of the People's Republic of China, and the land reform movement was launched in rural areas throughout the country. By the end of 1952, the national land reform movement was basically completed.
2. Important document: June 1950 Land Reform Law of the People's Republic of China.
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Significance: The completion of the land reform completely destroyed the feudal land system that existed in China for more than 2,000 years, and the landlord class was eliminated; The peasants turned over, got the land and became the owners of the land. This consolidated the people's political power, greatly liberated the rural productive forces, realized the rapid recovery and development of agricultural production, and prepared conditions for the country's industrialization.
Lesson 4
Achievements of the first five-year plan (1953-1957):1. Angang's large-scale rolling mill was completed and put into operation; 2. Changchun No.1 Automobile Factory produced the first automobile; 3. Successfully trial-produced the first jet plane; 4. Shenyang No.1 Machine Tool Plant was completed and put into operation; 5. Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge completed; 6. Sichuan-Tibet, Qinghai-Tibet and Xinjiang-Tibet highways have been completed; 7. Northeast industrial base was formed, the original industrial base in coastal areas was strengthened, and new industrial bases in North China and Northwest China were built.
The first socialist constitution
1, time:1954 In September, the First National People's Congress discussed and adopted the Constitution of People's Republic of China (PRC).
2. Nature: This is China's first socialist constitution; Established the basic political system of China-the people's congress system.
Lesson Five
Agricultural and handicraft cooperative movement
Form: The state carries out socialist transformation of agriculture and handicrafts, and organizes farmers and craftsmen to participate in agricultural production cooperatives and handicraft production cooperatives.
Capitalist industrial and commercial transformation-public-private partnership
Form: Since 1954, the state has carried out socialist transformation of capitalist industry and commerce through public-private partnership.
Policy: The state implements a redemption policy for the means of production owned by capitalists, which is a pioneering work to realize a peaceful transition and make China a socialist transformation.
Lesson 6
primary stage of socialism
1, Time: By the end of 1956, China had basically completed the three major transformations of agriculture, handicrafts and capitalist industry and commerce.
2. Symbol: The completion of the three major transformations indicates that the socialist system has been basically established in China, and China has begun to enter the primary stage of socialism.
The Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China-A Good Start to Explore the Socialist Road
1, time: 1956 2, location: Beijing
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Main contents: (1) The main contradiction in China is the contradiction between the people's demand for establishing an advanced industrial country and the reality of backward agricultural countries, and the contradiction between the people's demand for rapid economic and cultural development and the current situation that the economy and culture cannot meet the people's needs. (2) At present, the main task of the Party and the people is to concentrate on developing social productive forces, realize national industrialization, and gradually meet the people's growing material and cultural needs.
4. Significance: The Eighth National Congress is a good start to explore the road of building socialism.
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1958 put forward the general line of "building socialism with all efforts, striving for the upper reaches and building socialism quickly and economically". (Evaluation: The general line reflects the urgent desire of the broad masses to change the backward economic situation in China, but ignores the objective laws. )
The Great Leap Forward and the People's Commune Movement were a serious mistake of the Party in exploring the road of socialist construction.
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Achievements: Major industrial products have increased substantially, especially the petroleum industry (Daqing Oilfield has made China self-sufficient in petroleum and petroleum products). The new electronic industry, atomic energy industry and aerospace industry have grown from scratch.
Model figures: Wang Jinxi, an iron man in Daqing, Deng Jiaxian, a founding father of two bombs, and Jiao, a good cadre of the people.
Lesson 7
1, beginning: 1966 The Central Committee has successively issued the decision to launch the "Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution" and established the "Central Cultural Revolution Group".
From 1970 to 197 1, the counter-revolutionary group in Lin Biao instigated a counter-revolutionary coup. 1971September 13, Lin Biao and others fled by plane and died in a plane crash.
End: 1976 smash Jiang Qing counter-revolutionary group.
2. Nature: The Cultural Revolution was a civil strife wrongly initiated by leaders and exploited by counter-revolutionary groups, which brought serious disasters to the party, the country and the people of all ethnic groups.
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Enlightenment: After the ten-year catastrophe of the Cultural Revolution, people know that to avoid similar tragedies in the future, we must safeguard and develop people's democracy, improve and strengthen the socialist legal system, build a socialist country ruled by law and build a socialist political civilization.
4. The biggest injustice in the Cultural Revolution: Liu Shaoqi was persecuted to death.
5. 1976, the "April 5th Movement" broke out in Tomb-Sweeping Day, with the nature of mourning Premier Zhou and opposing the Gang of Four. Significance: It laid a mass foundation for smashing the Gang of Four.
Lesson 8
Discussion on the standard of truth
1. Background: After the downfall of the Gang of Four, the Central Committee at that time still adhered to the "Left" thinking and put forward the "two whatevers". This caused national discontent.
2. Main spirit: 1978 In May, Guangming Daily published "Practice is the only criterion for testing truth", which started the discussion on the criterion of truth.
3. Significance: This is a profound ideological emancipation movement.
Third plenary session of the eleventh central Committee
1, time: 1978 65438+ February.
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Content: ① ideological line: establish the guiding ideology of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts. Political line: make a great decision to shift the focus of the party and the state to socialist modernization and implement reform and opening up. (3) Organizational line: form the second generation of central collective leadership with Deng Xiaoping as the core.
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Significance: The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party is a turning point with far-reaching significance in the history of the Party since the founding of the People's Republic of China. The completion of the party's political line, ideological line and organizational line is the beginning of reform and opening up. Since then, the history of China has entered a new period of socialist modernization.
Strengthening democracy and the rule of law;
1 and 1980 are the biggest unjust cases in the history of Liu Shaoqi.
2. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, a series of laws were promulgated:
Lesson 9
Internal reform:
1, rural reform
(Content) After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, we will first carry out economic system reform in rural areas and implement the household contract responsibility system.
(Objective) To mobilize farmers' enthusiasm for production and promote rural economic development.
Agricultural production has developed greatly, and the countryside has begun to become rich.
2. Urban reform
(Focus) State-owned enterprise reform: develop the original single public ownership economy into a multi-ownership economy with the public ownership economy as the main body for common development; Separate government from enterprise management in state-owned enterprises, gradually expand their autonomy in production and operation, and implement the responsibility system for management; The system of distribution according to work and coexistence of various modes of distribution shall be implemented.
Opening to the outside world:
1, 1980 set up the first batch of special economic zones (Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou and Xiamen), which triggered the first climax of coastal opening up. 1988 added Hainan Special Economic Zone.
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Formation of opening-up pattern: Shanghai Pudong Development Zone (international economic center and financial center) was established, initially forming a multi-level, all-round and wide-ranging opening-up pattern of special economic zones, coastal open cities, coastal economic open zones and the mainland.
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Significance: The achievements of Shenzhen and other special economic zones fully prove that the general policy of reform and opening up is completely correct. Its success has accumulated experience for further expansion and development, and enriched our understanding of building Socialism with Chinese characteristics from the level of combining theory with practice.