Southern Syria has a tropical desert climate, characterized by hot and dry all year round. The northern part has a Mediterranean climate, with hot and dry summers and mild and rainy winters. The climate of tropical desert is controlled alternately by subtropical high and trade winds. Under the control of subtropical high, downward flow prevails, and water vapor is not easy to cause rainfall. When the trade wind belt is controlled, it blows offshore wind and brings dry and hot air inland. The Mediterranean climate is alternately controlled by subtropical high and westerly belt, which brings rich water vapor to the ocean, so there is more precipitation in winter. Most of the territory is a plateau sloping from northwest to southeast. It is mainly divided into four zones: western mountains and longitudinal valleys between mountains; Mediterranean coastal plain; Inland plain; Southeast of the Syrian desert. Shehe Mountain in the southwest is the highest mountain in China. The Euphrates River flows through the east, flows into the Persian Gulf through Iraq, and the Ashi River flows into the Mediterranean Sea through the west and Turkey. The coastal and northern regions have subtropical Mediterranean climate, while the southern region has tropical desert climate. Four distinct seasons, less rainfall in winter and dry and hot summer in desert areas.

Hama

Damascus is located in the northeast of Syria, a city in the west of Syria and the capital of Martha's province. Population 194000( 1985), the fourth largest city in China. Located on the banks of Axi River, it is an important distribution center for agricultural products. Industries include steel, flour, textiles, tanning, cement and sanitary ceramics.

Idlib

A city in northwest Syria, the capital of Idlib province. Population 5 1 10,000 (198 1). Located in the fertile valley connecting Aleppo Plain and Ashi Valley, it is an agricultural product market on the Aleppo-Latakia transportation line. There are spinning mills and olive oil factories.

Aleppo

Aleppo in the northwest of Syria is one of the oldest cities in the Middle East and a famous tourist attraction. In the past, it was an important transportation station from Mesopotamia to the Mediterranean, and16th century became the only place for East-West trade. Legend has it that Abraham, the ancestor of Jews and Arabs, came to Aleppo in ancient times. He distributed the milk squeezed from cows to the local poor. Until now, the Arabic name of Aleppo is still Habab, which means "milk".

Aleppo, because it is located at the intersection of important commercial routes, has become an important strategic location. From 2000 BC to today, it has been closely linked with the history of world development. Ancient times were influenced by Hittite civilization, Assyrian civilization, Achemenid civilization, ancient Greek civilization, ancient Roman civilization, Arab civilization and Byzantine civilization. Aleppo was conquered by Arabs in 637, fell to Nisseforo in 962, was occupied by Egyptian Fatima in 1 1 century, and was plundered by Genghis Khan's army in 1260. Since modern times, this ancient city has experienced many vicissitudes. Because of this history, Aleppo is a city without defense facilities. There are 1260 castles restored after the disaster, and 3 medieval city walls. Aleppo Castle, which stands in the center of the city, is the most important historical relic of this ancient capital, and its magnificent outline can be seen from a distance. There is the famous Aleppo University in the city.

Excellent natural conditions, rich in mineral resources, mainly oil, phosphate, natural gas, rock salt, asphalt and so on.

Agriculture plays an important role in the national economy and is one of the five largest grain exporters in the Arab world. Most cultivated land is irrigated to produce wheat, barley, cotton, grapes, olives, figs, pears, plums and other fruits. Export cotton, wheat and barley.

Syria's industrial base is weak, the state-owned economy is dominant, and modern industry has only a history of several decades. The existing industries are divided into mining, processing and hydropower. Mining industry includes oil, natural gas, phosphate and marble. Processing industries mainly include textiles, food, leather, chemicals, cement, tobacco and so on. Syria is also a transit point for the oil pipeline in Kirkuk oil field in Iraq.

The Syrian tourism industry has a good foundation and great potential, and the government attaches great importance to the development of tourism. Especially in recent years, giving priority to the development of tourism in the process of economic reform in Syria has been recognized and supported by the government, which has enabled the tourism industry to develop rapidly.