They refer to treaty of nanking, the Treaty of Xin and Chou and treaty of shimonoseki respectively. Treaty of nanking asked China to cede Hong Kong Island; Compensation to Britain for opium prices, commercial debts and military expenses totaling 210 million silver dollars; Trade with the five ports, opening Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Ningbo and Shanghai as trading ports, allowing British people to live and send consuls; China Customs has no right to decide the agreed tariffs, import and export taxes and reimbursements payable by British businessmen. According to the "Xin Chou Treaty", the compensation price and interest of China totaled 980 million taels of silver (the details are 450 million taels of silver, which will be paid off in 39 years, and the total principal and interest is about 980 million taels); Dongjiaominxiang is designated as the border of the embassy, allowing countries to station troops for protection, and China people are not allowed to live on the border; The Qing government promised to ban people from participating in the anti-imperialist movement. According to treaty of shimonoseki, China ceded Liaodong Peninsula (failed due to triple interference), Taiwan Province Island and its affiliated islands, and Penghu Islands to Japan, and paid Japan 200 million taels of silver. China has also opened Shashi, Chungking, Suzhou and Hangzhou as trading ports, and allowed Japanese to invest and set up factories in trading ports in China.

The expanded materials 1 and "treaty of nanking" destroyed China's territorial integrity and tariff sovereignty, facilitated the British export of goods to China, and made China a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. After the treaty of nanking was signed, western powers took advantage of the fire to rob the Qing government and forced it to sign a series of unequal treaties, which further violated China's sovereignty, destroyed China's natural economy and accelerated the decline of the Qing Dynasty. 2. The signing of the Xin Chou Treaty not only brought a heavy burden to the people of China, but also damaged the national sovereignty. Since then, the Qing government has completely become a tool for imperialism to rule China (namely "Westernization Institute"), while Russia is using other treaties to acquire the territory of northeast China. On the other hand, Britain and the United States put commercial interests first, hoping to keep China open, and are uneasy about Japanese and Russian ambitions. The final agreement did not require the Qing government to cede land, but only demanded huge compensation. 3. treaty of shimonoseki is the most serious unequal treaty since treaty of nanking. The imperialist countries invoked the one-sided most-favored-nation treatment and obtained all the privileges granted to Japan by China in treaty of shimonoseki except the compensation for ceding land. It brought serious harm to modern China society, greatly accelerated the process of semi-colonization of China and deepened the national crisis. (1) The cession of Taiwan Province Province and other large territories further undermined the integrity of China's sovereignty, stimulated the ambitions of the great powers to carve up China, and further deepened the national crisis. But also caused an unbridgeable gap between Taiwan Province Province and the mainland, which continues to this day. (2) The huge compensation has increased the burden on the people of China. Meanwhile, it accelerated the development of Japanese militarism. As a result, the Qing Dynasty borrowed a lot of foreign debts, which led foreign powers to control the economic lifeline of China. (3) The opening of trading ports has enabled the imperialist forces of aggression to penetrate into Chinese mainland. (4) Being allowed to invest and set up factories in China, other powers cite the "benefit sharing" clause and compete to set up factories in China, which seriously hinders the development of Chinese national capitalism. At the same time, it also reflects the process of the economic aggression of the great powers against China from commodity export to capital export.