Shanghai, referred to as Shanghai for short, is the largest city in China and Asia and Europe (not compared with the Oriental and Beijing metropolitan areas). Shanghai is located in the middle of the eastern arc coastline of China, the easternmost part of the Yangtze River Delta, the East China Sea across the sea from Japan, Guangzhou and Taiwan Province, Hangzhou, Guangzhou and Taiwan Province in the south, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces in the west, and Chongming Island at the mouth of the Yangtze River in the north. Shanghai is an immigrant city with a permanent population of more than 23 million, of which nearly 40% are floating population. The wuyue tradition in the south of the Yangtze River has merged with the local culture brought by immigrants, and gradually formed a unique Shanghai, Shanghai, Shanghai, Shanghai and Shanghai.
From pre-Qin to Yuan Dynasty, Shanghai gradually became a grain and salt producing area. Since the Ming Dynasty, Shanghai has developed into an important cotton textile base. After the opening of 1843, immigrants from all over the world poured in, and Shanghai rose rapidly with its unique geographical and political environment, which had a great impact on the modernization, modernization, generation, science and technology, culture, and industrial and commercial development of China, occupying an important position in the modern history of China and being the "focus of attention at home and abroad". During China, China, the people and China, Shanghai was the largest city in China and even Asia, and the most important industrial and commercial center in China. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, China, China, communist party, harmony, country, construction and establishment, Shanghai is the most important industrial, commercial, industrial, manufacturing and industrial base in China, China, Europe, land and region. Since 1990, the policies of Pudong, Orient, development, development, liberalization, politics and tactics have made Shanghai, economy, economy, rapid development and exhibition, and the country, home, comprehensive, comprehensive, equipped, set up, reformed, reformed, tested and developed in 2005.
The origin of the name of Shanghai is generally believed to have originated in the Song Dynasty, and it originated from a tributary of Wusong River, named Shanghai Pu. Pu, originally the meaning of Wu Yu Xiaohe. Jiangdong area has the habit of naming rivers. Usually, the tributaries near the source are called Li or Shang, and those near the downstream estuary are called Outer or Xia. Therefore, the two tributaries on the north and south sides of Wusong River are named Shanghai Pu and Shanghai Pu respectively. Later, due to the development of the wine industry, the government set up a wine service near Shanghai Pu and levied a wine tax, which was called Shanghai Service, and the word Shanghai gradually expanded its influence.
There are still two views in the dictionary of ancient and modern place names in China. One view is that it is named because it lives on the sea and lives on the ocean. The other said that "overseas merchant ships landed here" and was named Shanghai.
In addition, Shanghai's abbreviation "Shanghai" comes from a fishing tool named "Hu" created by local people in ancient times, and its nickname is "Shen" because it is said that the western part of Shanghai was once the fief of Chu's son Chun.
About 7000 years ago, land was formed in the west of Shanghai, and in the east of Shanghai, land was formed one after another in recent 2000. There are traces of Majiabang, Songze, Liangzhu and Maqiao cultures in the early days.
During the Jin Dynasty in the 4th and 5th centuries, fishermen gathered in Songjiang and Binhai. In the tenth year of Tang Tianbao, Huating County was established, covering Hongkou in the north, the seaside in the south and Xiasha in the east, which was the beginning of the construction of Songjiang City.
In the third year of Song Xianchun, Huating County set up a town on the west bank of Shanghai Pu (a tributary of Songjiang) and named it Shanghai Town. In the 14th year of Yuan Dynasty, Huating County was upgraded to a prefecture, and the following year it was renamed Songjiang Prefecture, which governed Huating County. In the twenty-ninth year of Yuan Dynasty, the Yuan government analyzed Huating County and established Shanghai County, which was subordinate to Songjiang Prefecture, marking the beginning of an independent administrative system in Shanghai. In the thirty-second year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty, the Shanghai City Wall was built. By the Ming Dynasty, Songjiang Prefecture was roughly equivalent to the whole of Shanghai today (excluding Baoshan District and Chongming County), and its economy was relatively developed. Known as "Songjiang tax is the best in the world". The Qing Dynasty attacked the Ming Dynasty, and Shanghai County belonged to Songjiang Prefecture in jiangnan province.
Shanghai culture is called Shanghai culture. The main body of Shanghai-style culture is rooted in the traditional Wu-Yue culture in the south of the Yangtze River, and has gradually formed a unique culture that is different from other areas in China. The origin of Shanghai school is said to be related to the Shanghai school of painting in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. The source of marine painting school is Songjiang School represented by Dong Qichang. Later, with the prosperity of Shanghai's business, more and more people began to sell paintings for a living, and the name of the maritime painting school gradually became a household name.
During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Lu Ji, a native of Huating, and Lu Yun were literary giants at that time. Since 19 19, due to the unique political system of the concession, many celebrities have been attracted, and Shanghai has quickly become the base camp of the New Culture Movement at that time, with the gathering of literary schools such as Left-wing Alliance, New Feeling School, Yuanyang Butterfly School, and other famous writers such as Lu Xun, Guo Moruo, Mao Dun, Ba Jin, Ye Shengtao, Yu Dafu, Wang Zaoshi, Ding Ling and Zhang Ailing.