Khaleda zia 1945 was born in a middle-class family in August, ranking third among five daughters. 1960 In August, when she was studying in Surendranath College, her parents arranged for her to marry Ziaur Rahman. At that time, Rahman was a Pakistani army captain. 197 1 In March, Bangladesh was declared independent in the name of the commander-in-chief of the Bangladesh Liberation Army, and later became the newly born President of the Republic of China in 1977. As the first lady at that time, khaleda zia almost never appeared in public, and seemed to have no interest in political affairs, preferring to do housework and take care of children. 1981On May 30th, President Rahman was assassinated in Chittagong. The death of her husband completely changed khaleda zia's life. She complied with the ardent expectations of the broad masses of people, faced with danger in the deep sorrow of losing her husband, and resolutely undertook the mission of leading the Bangladesh Nationalist Party founded by her husband. She served as the vice chairman of the party in 1982, and devoted herself to the political life of the country from then on until she finally became the supreme leader of the country. Naturally, she also paid a heavy price and made great sacrifices.
Khaleda zia was arrested eight times in the nine-year political struggle before he became prime minister, and was constantly harassed and suppressed by the authorities. However, all this has not shaken her confidence in victory and her firm political philosophy: to get rid of military dictatorship and rebuild democracy in the motherland. In her political activities, she pays attention to the broad unity of political parties and individuals with the same or similar political beliefs. 1983, she formed and led a seven-party alliance headed by Bangladesh Nationalist Party, and made an uncompromising struggle to restore democratic politics. From 65438 to 0984, she became the chairman of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party, and persisted in the movement against the Arshad government, boycotting all previous parliamentary and presidential elections. 1990 12 jointly launched a campaign with the eight-party alliance and the five-party alliance, which finally forced Arsad, who came to power through a coup, to resign, thus ending the long-term military rule in Bangladesh. The media believes that her hands pushing the cradle have shaken the country and brought people hope for democracy, freedom and prosperity.
1991February, khaleda zia was elected as a member of parliament. In the parliamentary election held on the 27th of that month, she led the Bangladesh Nationalist Party to a brilliant victory. This election is of epoch-making significance in the history of Bangladesh, because it is the first truly democratic election held since Bangladesh's independence. She became a popular national leader herself. 1991On March 20th, she was sworn in as the first female prime minister of Bangladesh. She and Bangladesh Nationalist Party complied with public opinion and changed the state system from presidential system to parliamentary democracy in the form of constitution, which laid a solid political foundation for the long-term stability of the country. 199 1 On August 6, 2008, the Parliament passed the constitutional amendment and formally restored parliamentary democracy. After years of twists and turns, Bangladesh's politics is finally on the right track. This is a historic turning point. 1991September19, she officially became the head of government under parliamentary democracy. After khaleda zia became prime minister, he put forward the economic policy of "carrying out economic reform and accelerating the pace of development". She began to improve the development conditions of private enterprises and actively promoted the privatization of state-owned enterprises. During the period of 199 1- 1993, the structural adjustment plan paid special attention to tax reform to improve the national financial situation. An important aspect of tax reform is the wide implementation of value-added tax in manufacturing and import trade sectors. This is a historic progress in Bangladesh's tax reform. The significance is that Bangladesh has begun to shift from relying heavily on foreign aid to mobilizing domestic resources. Another aspect of tax reform is the adjustment of income tax. Other measures include raising the prices of public sector products such as electricity, natural gas, petroleum products and transportation, gradually rationalizing the employment structure and strengthening supervision over public sector enterprises. Some foreign exchange restrictions have been lifted. A new industrial policy stipulates that garment exporters are duty-free. In addition to the national defense industry, foreign investors are allowed to own 100% ownership of industrial companies. All these reform measures have played a great role in revitalizing the national economy, accelerating production development and eliminating poverty. In addition, she also vigorously promoted the reform in the field of education, implemented compulsory primary education, attached importance to improving the status of rural women and protecting their rights and interests. Later, 1996, after Sheikh Hasina Wazeed succeeded as prime minister, he continued to pursue the policy of free market economy and further promoted the privatization process. The reforms initiated by khaleda zia are still going on. The economic reform of Bangladesh government since 1990s has involved almost all fields such as economy, foreign trade, finance and investment.
Since khaleda zia became prime minister, Bangladeshi economic development has finally ended the 20-year-long period of low-speed development and entered a period of medium-speed or even rapid development. Throughout the 1990s, the economic growth rate of Bangladesh basically showed an increasing trend, with the exception of1990-199/kloc-0, which all exceeded 4%, reaching an unprecedented level of development. 1998- 1999 The gross domestic product (GDP) reached 36.6 billion US dollars, and the per capita GNP reached 282 US dollars. According to the comprehensive evaluation of gross national product, literacy rate and life expectancy, Bangladesh ranks 146 among 73 countries in the world, ahead of 27 individual countries. In other words, Bangladesh has risen from the second lowest income country in the world in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China to the 27th from the bottom. Due to the reform measures and correct economic policies adopted by successive governments since the 1990s, domestic politics has gradually become orderly. At the end of this century, Bangladesh's economic growth rate reached 6.0%, including 8.6% in industrial production and 7.2% in agricultural production, while the inflation rate of consumer goods was from1998-65438+6 in 0999. In 2000-200 1 year, Bangladesh's economic development was in good condition. According to the forecast of the British Bureau of Economic Intelligence, the growth rate in 200 1-2002 is 6. 1%. Since 1990s, Bangladesh has made great achievements in economic reform.
At present, although Bangladesh is still in the period of economic transition and still has various problems, it has embarked on a healthy road of basic stability and rapid development. Since the 1990s, Bangladesh's economic achievements and social development have attracted extensive attention from the international community and are often regarded as a model of developing countries. The achievements of the two female prime ministers are obvious to all, but khaleda zia's achievements are particularly outstanding. Through khaleda zia's nearly 20-year political journey, we can easily see that this great Bangladeshi woman has lasting political enthusiasm, lofty political ideas and skillful political talents.
At first, when khaleda Zia just stepped onto the political stage, she was skeptical about whether she could stick it out and make a difference. On the surface, she entered politics because of the recommendation of her colleagues in the party, in order to inherit her husband's legacy and complete his unfinished business. Moreover, it goes without saying that she also has personal motives to retaliate against her husband politically. However, the political turmoil in the country and the suffering of the people made her gradually realize her historical mission. She is determined to end military rule and make the country move towards long-term stability. The husband gave his life for the country. Should he back down in the face of bloody violence? Although the special status of her late wife is a favorable condition for her to enter politics, her own education, soft personality and lofty political aspirations are the premise and fundamental motivation for her long-term political career. She eventually grew up to be an outstanding politician with consciousness.
Not surprisingly, at the beginning of her political career, khaleda zia was regarded as a housewife. However, this is a wrong judgment and underestimates the ability of this woman. In the long political struggle, khaleda zia was arrested many times and remained indomitable. As she matures in the struggle, her political ideas of establishing democratic politics and implementing free economy have been recognized by more and more people. Her excellent quality and personality charm are more and more convincing. She opposes the use of terrorist means in political struggle and advocates uniting with other political parties as much as possible. Her drastic economic reform not only conforms to the historical trend, but also conforms to the people's wishes. During her administration, the speed of economic development and the degree of social stability exceeded those of previous state leaders.
In view of historical experience and lessons, khaleda zia regards parliamentary democracy as a model. She believes that if the power of a country is not generated and passed down through proper channels, then powerful covetous people will inevitably use illegal means to usurp power. Only with political health and social stability can the national economy develop at a high speed, the people get rid of poverty and the country become rich and strong. All unfavorable factors that hinder economic development must be eliminated. Khaleda zia has been working hard to realize these practical political ideas since she entered the political arena. Great changes have taken place in Bangladesh in just ten years.