First, the order table of dynasties
1, Xia dynasty: about 2029 BC-about 1559 BC, * * * year: 47 1.
2. Shang Dynasty: about 1559 BC-about 1046 BC, * * *.
3. Zhou Dynasty: about 65438 BC+0046 BC-256 BC, divided into Western Zhou Dynasty and Eastern Zhou Dynasty, and Eastern Zhou Dynasty was divided into Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period. * * * Count: 867 years.
4. Qin Dynasty: 2265438 BC+0-206 BC. Before 22 1, Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, unified the six countries and was called the emperor at first. * * * Count: 16.
5. Western Chu: From 206 BC to 202 BC, Xiang Yu, the overlord of Western Chu, counted five years.
6. Western Han Dynasty: 202 BC-8 AD, Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang, * * * Count: 2 10 year.
7. New Dynasty: From the twelfth month of the eighth year of AD to the 23rd year of AD1October 6th, the new emperor Wang Mang built the Emperor Xing, counting: 16.
8. Xuanhan: In 23-25 AD, Liu Xuan, the first emperor of the Han Dynasty, changed his name to * * *.
9. Eastern Han Dynasty: 25-220 AD, Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, counted as 196.
10, Three Kingdoms: In 220-280 AD, Wei, Shu and Wu were the three pillars, which was 6 1 year.
1 1, Jin Dynasty: 265-420 AD, divided into Western Jin Dynasty (265-3 16) and Eastern Jin Dynasty (3 17-420), * * * meter: 156.
12, Northern and Southern Dynasties: 420-589 AD, 170.
13, Sui Dynasty: 58 1- 6 18, Sui Wendi, * * * count: 38 years.
14, Tang Dynasty: A.D. 6 18-907, Tang Gaozu Li Yuan, 290.
15, Five Dynasties: 907-960 AD, Hou Liang, Later Tang Dynasty, Later Jin Dynasty, Later Han Dynasty, Later Zhou Dynasty, * * *.
16, Shikoku: 89 1-979, * * *, 89.
17, Song Dynasty: 960- 1279, divided into Northern Song Dynasty (960- 1 127) and Southern Song Dynasty (1 1279), *.
18, Yuan Dynasty: A.D. 127 1-1368, Genghis Khan, Yuan Taizu, * * * year: 98.
19, Ming dynasty: A.D. 1368- 1644, Zhu Yuanzhang, Emperor Taizu of Ming Dynasty, * * * year: 277.
20. Qing Dynasty: A.D. 1644- 19 12, Aixinjue Luo Nurhachi, the Qing Taizu, * * * year: 268 years.
Second, the dynasty
1, Qin
The Qin Dynasty (22 BC1-207 BC) was the first unified dynasty in the history of China, which was developed by the State of Qin during the Warring States Period. Fei Da, the ancestor of the Qin people, is a descendant of Zhuan Xu, the grandson of the Yellow Emperor, and was given the surname of Won.
When he was in Qin Mugong, he was a wise man, coachable was modest, destroyed twelve countries, traveled thousands of miles, and became increasingly powerful. 36 1 year ago, Qin Xiaogong succeeded to the throne and reused Shang Yang's two political reforms, which made Qin's economy develop and the combat effectiveness of the army continuously strengthened, and developed into the most prosperous vassal state at the end of the Warring States Period.
Qin destroyed Korea, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan and Qi successively, and completed the great cause of reunification. 22 1 years ago, the king of Qin proclaimed himself emperor, which was called "Qin Shihuang" in history.
The Qin dynasty set up three officials and nine ministers in the central government to manage state affairs; Partially abolish the enfeoffment system and replace it with the county system; Implement books in the same language, cars in the same track and unified measurement. Attack the Huns in the north, conquer hundreds of places in the south, build the Great Wall to repel foreign enemies, and dig Lingqu to connect the water system.
The establishment of centralization laid the basic pattern of China's political system for more than 2,000 years, and laid the ruling foundation of China's unified dynasty, so it was called "the implementation of Qin politics and law in past dynasties".
The Qin Dynasty ended the 500-year-old warlord regime since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and became the first multi-ethnic centralized country in China's history. ? This has had a profound impact on the history of China.
Before 2 10, Qin Shihuang died in a sand dune (now northwest of Guangzong County, Hebei Province) during his cruise. His son Hu Hai acceded to the throne as Qin Ershi. Although the Qin dynasty had a great influence in history, it abused the people's power and was unified for only ten years.
In the first 209 years, Chen Sheng and Guangwu cut wood into enemy weapons, rose up and the whole world responded. Liu Bang and Xiang Yu fought against Qin in Jianghuai. Before 207, Qin died.
2. Jin Dynasty
The Jin Dynasty (266-420), a dynasty in the history of China, was divided into two periods: the Western Jin Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty, in which the Western Jin Dynasty was one of the unified dynasties in the history of China and the Eastern Jin Dynasty was one of the six dynasties. The Jin Dynasty spread to the fifteenth emperor, 155, * * *.
In 266 AD, he usurped Wei, established Luoyang as its capital, and gained the title of Gold. Historically known as the Western Jin Dynasty, Wu was destroyed in 280 A.D. and unified. After the Eight Kings Rebellion and Yongjia disaster, the national situation gradually declined, and the Western Jin Dynasty was destroyed by the northern barbarians in 3 16.
In 3 17, the royal family of the Western Jin Dynasty crossed the river to the south, and Si Marui continued the Jin Dynasty in Jianye, which was called the Eastern Jin Dynasty in history. The Eastern Jin Dynasty made many northern expeditions to the Central Plains. In 383, the Eastern Jin Dynasty was temporarily consolidated after the war with the former Qin Dynasty.
During the Jin Dynasty, the Han people who migrated from north to south brought advanced technology into Jiangnan and further developed Jiangnan. In 420, Liu Yu established Liu Song, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty perished. The history of China entered the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
3. Southern and Northern Dynasties
The Northern and Southern Dynasties (420-589) are the general names of the Northern and Southern Dynasties. The Northern and Southern Dynasties were a period of great division in the history of China, and also a period of great national integration in the history of China. It is the link between the sixteen countries in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Sui Dynasty, which began with the establishment of the Liu and Song Dynasties in the Eastern Jin Dynasty in 420 AD and ended in 589 AD. ..
The Southern Dynasties (420-589) included Liu Song, Nanqi, Nanliang and Chen Nan. The Northern Dynasties (386-58 1) included the Northern Wei, the Eastern Wei, the Western Wei, the Northern Qi and the Northern Dynasties. Although the north and south have their own dynasties, they have maintained a confrontational situation for a long time, so they are called the Northern and Southern Dynasties.
In the early Southern and Northern Dynasties, it was still gentry politics. Social strata are divided into gentry, editors, dependent households and handmaiden, and their foreign exchanges are also very prosperous, reaching Japan and the Korean Peninsula in the east, the western regions, Central Asia and West Asia in the west, and Southeast Asia and South Asia in the south.
At this time, there is also a trend of great ethnic integration, such as the reform of Emperor Xiaowen in the Northern Wei Dynasty, which further accelerated the pace of feudalization (sinicization) of ethnic minorities.
4. Sui Dynasty
Sui Dynasty (58 1-6 19) is a unified dynasty in the history of China, which inherited the northern and southern dynasties of the Tang Dynasty.
In February of 58 1 year, Emperor Jingdi of the Northern Zhou Dynasty abdicated to Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, and the Northern Zhou Dynasty perished. Yang established the title of "Sui" and made its capital Daxing (now Shaanxi An). In 589 AD, the Chen Dynasty perished in the south, and China was unified, ending nearly 300 years of division since the end of the Western Jin Dynasty.
In 605 AD, after Yang Di ascended the throne, Yuwen Kai was ordered to build Tokyo and moved the capital to Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan) in the same year. During the reign of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, the people's livelihood was rich, the people lived and worked in peace and contentment, and the politics was clear, which created a prosperous situation of ruling the emperor.
During the reign of Yang Di in Sui Dynasty, the Grand Canal was built, but the excessive consumption of national strength led to the rebellion of the people and nobles at the end of Sui Dynasty. In 6 18, Yu Wenhuaji and others launched a mutiny and killed the emperor Yang Di.
Emperor Yangdi You Yang abdicated and established the Tang Dynasty. In 6 19, Yang Dong, the king's emperor, was also abolished, and the Sui Dynasty perished, which lasted for 38 years.
5. Song Dynasty
Song Dynasty (960- 1279) was a dynasty in China's history that inherited five dynasties and ten countries and initiated the Yuan Dynasty. It is divided into two stages: Northern Song Dynasty and Southern Song Dynasty. It lasted eighteen emperors and enjoyed the country for 319 years.
In 960, the generals of the later Zhou Dynasty launched a mutiny in Chen Qiao, and established Songzhou as the emperor of German Zhao Kuangyin, thus establishing the Song Dynasty. In order to avoid the chaos of the regime and eunuch's authoritarian power in the late Tang Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin adopted the policy of emphasizing literature and restraining military power, strengthened centralization and deprived military commanders of their military power.
After Song Taizong succeeded to the throne, the whole country was unified, and after forming a single-source alliance with Liao, he gradually stepped into the rule of the world. 1 125, the state of Jin invaded the south on a large scale, which led to the shame of Jingkang and the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty. Zhao Gou, King of Kang, ascended the throne in Yingtianfu and established the Southern Song Dynasty.
After the Shaoxing peace talks, the Qin Mausoleum-Huaihe River was the boundary with the State of Jin, which was jointly destroyed by Mongolia in 1234, song and yuan war broke out in 1235, Lin 'an was captured by the Yuan Dynasty in 1276, and the Southern Song Dynasty perished after the sea battle at Yashan.
Baidu encyclopedia-Chinese historical dynasties
Baidu Encyclopedia-Qin Dynasty
Baidu Encyclopedia-Jin Dynasty
Baidu encyclopedia-southern and northern dynasties
Baidu Encyclopedia-Song Dynasty
Baidu Encyclopedia-Sui Dynasty