Genghis Khan sent troops to attack Xixia six times. For the last time, although Genghis Khan sent troops to Xingqing House, the capital of Xixia, he was violently countered by the Xixia army. After paying a heavy price, the Mongolian army still refused to give up and attacked Xixia again. King Xixia finally surrendered in Kaesong, but he did not get preferential treatment from the Mongols. All the royal families were massacred, and Xingqing House was greeted by the Mongolian army's slaughter, grave digging and book burning.
Tangut, the ancestor of Xixia, originally lived in Songpan Plateau, Sichuan, and moved to northern Shaanxi in the Tang Dynasty. Because of his achievements in quelling chaos, he was appointed as our special envoy to Zhou Xia by the Emperor of the Tang Dynasty and surrendered to the Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties and the Song Dynasty. After the Northern Song Dynasty annexed the political power, it was re-established because Li refused to surrender and was named Emperor Liao. Through the connection between Liao and Song, Li successively occupied Lanzhou and Hexi Corridor.
In the first year of Song Baoyuan (1038), Li Yuanhao proclaimed himself emperor and founded the country, that is, Xia and Xixia were formally founded. Xixia, whose real name is Daxia, is also called Bonnie Dingguo or Gao Bai Xia Guo and the Western Regions. Because in the west, Song people called it Xixia.
Xixia generally won the Song-Xia War and the Liao-Xia War, forming a situation of tripartite confrontation among the three countries. After Xia's death, the power was in the hands of the emperor's queen mother and mother party, which was called the dictatorship of mother party in history. Xixia was in civil strife because of the confrontation between the imperial party and the mother party, and the Northern Song Dynasty took the opportunity to cut the summer several times. Xixia successfully resisted and defeated Song Jun, but the loss of Hengshan made a loophole in the defense line.
After the rise of the Jin Dynasty destroyed Liao and Northern Song Dynasties, Xixia surrendered to the Jin Dynasty and gained a lot of land. The two countries established the Jin-Xia alliance, which was generally peaceful. During the reign of Xia Renzong, there were natural disasters and the separatist regime of Ren Dejing, but after the reform, there was a heyday.
However, after the rise of Mobei Mongolia and six invasions of Xixia, the Jinxia Alliance was disintegrated, which made Xixia and Jin Dynasty kill each other. There have been many regicide civil strife in Xixia, and the economy tends to collapse because of the war. Finally, he died in Baoyi, Xixia (1227).
The political system of Xixia was greatly influenced by the Song Dynasty, and the establishment of the official system basically imitated the Northern Song Dynasty. The central administrative organs are: Zhongshu Province, Privy Council, Third Division, Yushitai, Kaifeng Prefecture, Yiwei Division, Official Planning Division, Receiving Division, Tiansi Division, Pastoral Division, Longfei Academy, Moding Division, Siwen Academy, Xue Fan, Sinology and so on. The local administrative establishment is divided into two levels: state and county, and sometimes there are county governments in special political centers and military and national defense places.
Xixia politics is a combination of Tibetan and Chinese politics, with Tangut as the main ruling nation, and Han, Tubo and Uygur jointly rule. The royal family paid attention to the relationship with the Tangut nobles, and gathered together with intermarriage and power, while the mother party "used it with heavy objects." All these have caused frequent conflicts among the royal family, the mother party and the Tangut nobles.
In the early Xixia period, there was an official system of Fan and Han, which was similar to that of Liao Dynasty, but after the Song Dynasty system was fully adopted in the middle and late Xixia period, the official system of Fan gradually declined.
Baidu encyclopedia-Xixia