Analysis:
The origin of billiards:
Some people say that billiards originated in France, some people say that it first came from Britain, and some people say that it first came from Spain and Italy. Opinions vary, and there is no exact textual research data at present. Limited information shows that there were only two balls on the earliest billiards table. Spread to France, the French joined a red ball, and the British joined in. /kloc-at the end of 0/7, Louis XIV's doctor in France asked the king to play billiards after dinner every day. Subsequently, billiards became popular in France. At first billiards were made of wood, and then ivory appeared. It is said that one ivory can only make five balls. In Britain, it takes tens of thousands of elephants to make billiards. Ivory billiards must be carefully selected and have the same weight, so the price is very expensive! So ivory billiards is only suitable for court nobles to play! Later, Heath, known as the father of American plastic industry, developed a billiards made of nitrocellulose, camphor, alcohol and other chemical raw materials, which greatly reduced the cost of billiards. Then at 1920, a billiard ball made of stone carbonate appeared. The manufacturing cost of billiards is reduced again. Since then, billiards has really become the public entertainment in the entertainment circle. Billiards started with the first two balls and gradually evolved into English billiards, French billiards and so on. The popular English snooker billiards originated from 1885 and has a history of 100 years.
Billiards has a history of five or six hundred years. Which country did billiards originate from? Some say it's ancient Greece, some say it's French, some say it's Britain, some say it's China, Italian and Spanish, etc., but they are all based on legends, so it's difficult to determine. However, it is an indisputable fact that billiards originated in western Europe.
Billiards14th century, in the era of Queen Victoria in England, people attached great importance to billiards activities. In some wealthy families, there are not only luxurious and exquisite billiards rooms, but also strict activity etiquette when playing, and some regulations are still in use today. If a guest comes while playing, you must gently open the door and enter the room. You are not allowed to talk and shout loudly, so as not to affect the players' quiet thinking. For another example, when playing ball, you can ask the other party not to stand facing nn or close to yourself, and not to casually swing and other uncivilized actions. Billiards is an elegant activity. Now, billiard halls and rooms have similar clear rules against loud noise and smoking.
Billiards appeared in France in 15 10. The billiards played by King Louis XIV of France at Versailles Palace are "single billiards". Put an ivory arch (Port) and an ivory column called "King" on the table, play with a spoon-shaped stick, and score points by hitting the ball into the door or touching the column.
Because the physician of King Louis XIV of France suggested that the king play billiards after meals, which is good for health, it was loved and cared by the king of France. Therefore, billiards gradually became popular in France in the 17th century, which may be the basis of the origin of billiards in France. It is said that billiards was originally a game of digging holes in the outdoor ground and hitting the ball into the hole with a wooden stick, and then it was changed from outdoor to indoor desktop.
Billiards has a history of hundreds of years since it appeared. It is not perfect as soon as it appears, but has been constantly improved and enriched in the long-term circulation, and now it has reached a relatively perfect level. In the past, playing on an indoor table started with a round hole in the center of the table and then four holes in the four corners of the table. The increase of holes also stimulated people's interest in playing ball until six round holes were opened on the table. It evolved into the prototype of today's snooker table. In the development of the table, there is an octagonal table with holes on both sides. * * * Eight holes, and the number of holes has increased. A ball can accommodate more people.
/kloc-At the beginning of the 9th century, the development of billiards began to mature. With the improvement of technology, equipment and appliances have also developed, and many large and small improvements and inventions have appeared. As for the billiard table, the original table is an ordinary wooden table. Because the wood is deformed due to the climate, it is difficult to ensure the flatness of the table top, which directly affects the play of hitting skills. 1827 or so, the tabletop is made of slate, and the high quality tabletop is smooth, flat and undistorted. At first, the edge of the table was wrapped with wool or cotton and nailed to the edge of the table for use. Because there is no elasticity, it can only play a role in buffering the impact. It was not until 183 1 that rubber began to take its place. 1835, Phelan, USA, 1854, semi-sand Poland, USA successively improved and invented regular rubber table edges with good elasticity. Who invented and improved the leather head of the club? There are two legends: one is1The bald stick used in the early 9th century was Minquart, a French soldier stationed in India. When he was punished, he was forced to practice for a long time. He found that the bald head of the stick was not easy to use, so he added a piece of skin to it. After the experiment, he began to promote it.
Another way of saying it is: the leather head was invented by the famous French billiards player Miguel, and the chocolate powder was invented by Britain to prevent the club from slipping. The "ball" used in billiards also has a development process. The earliest billiards were made of wood or brass. Later, inspired by Indian ivory ornaments and advanced instruments, ivory was also selected as billiards material. One ivory can make five balls. According to the demand at that time, it is estimated that there are more than 10 thousand elephant teeth to solve every year, and the amount used is really considerable. Because billiards require high quality, roundness, the same weight of each ball and high price, only a few royal nobles can enjoy it, which seriously hinders the popularization and development of billiards.
Until 1868, billiards developed widely in western countries, and the demand for balls increased greatly. A billiards company in new york volunteered to offer a reward of $ 1 10,000 to collect substitutes for ivory balls. At that time, Heath, known as the father of American plastic industry, successfully developed plastic billiards by chemical method, which promoted the revolutionary change of billiards manufacturing industry. At the same time, it has also made great contributions to the development of billiards. Therefore, Heath was also elected to the Hall of Fame by the American Billiards Association. At first, billiards was played with only two balls on the table. By 1775, the French added a red ball and the British followed suit. At this time, there are three balls on the table. This kind of play is called "opening", and the batter can score by putting the opponent's ball into the goal bag or hitting two balls at the same time. This kind of play is the original play of three-ball bag billiards that we are playing now, which is the English billiards "Bi Li".
American billiards were introduced to Florida by Spanish in 1504. 1607, the British brought billiards to Virginia. 1690 The French who moved to South Carolina also brought billiards to the United States. At that time, although billiards was introduced to the United States in various ways, it did not develop rapidly until 1800. After years of research and development, until the middle of19th century, it made great contributions to the improvement and perfection of billiards technology, game methods and rules, until it created a major school of American billiards in the world, keeping pace with French billiards and English billiards, and now it has become popular in the east and west.
About the establishment of billiards organization, the earliest country was Britain. 1885, amateur and professional players formed a billiards association and formulated the first set of formal rules of the game. 1908, the other party set up a billiards management club. 19 19, the billiards association and the billiards management club reached a merger agreement, and the highest institutions of English billiards and snooker billiards were established as the billiards federation, which presided over the two kinds of billiards and formulated rules.
The World Billiards Union was founded in 1940, which is an international organization of billiards activities. Its headquarters is in Brussels, Belgium, and its administrative center is in Barcelona, Spain. The World Billiards Federation is responsible for the world billiards competition. Many countries in the world have developed billiards activities and established billiards associations. More than 30 countries have joined the World Billiards Federation, all of which are members. The American Billiards Association was founded in 1948, which is the highest governing body of all kinds of billiards in the United States. The meeting place is in Chicago. 1965, the Association established the Billiards Hall of Fame to preserve the important information in the history of billiards and the glorious records of outstanding people. Billiards first spread to Asia in India and Thailand, and then to Japan. /kloc-was introduced to China in the late 9th century. Before liberation, there were only embassies, concessions and small-scale billiard halls privately operated in big cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Harbin and Fanyang, with only a few tables.
After liberation, there were two small factories in Shanghai, Cai and Xinxin, which produced billiards tables. But just after liberation, according to the people's economic living conditions at that time, it was too early to participate in billiards activities. So, it only took a few years to end. Nowadays, with the rapid development of economic construction, billiards, like other sports, has been popularized. There are no billiard halls and rooms in stadiums, clubs, entertainment centers, hotels and restaurants in many large and medium-sized cities. Many large, medium and small towns, streets and alleys, are full of billiards stalls.
From 65438 to 0986, China Billiards Association was established in China, and local billiards associations were also established in various provinces and cities. 1960, the first national billiards competition was held. 1985, the second national billiards invitational tournament was held in Tiandang and Shanghai successively. 1986165438+10, the second national billiards invitational tournament was held. Especially1From March 5th to 8th, 987, the Jianpai Cup China International Billiards Competition held in Beijing was a world-class billiards competition, in which eight world billiard masters from the United States and eight players from China participated. The top eight countries in the world are Steve Davies, third dennis taylor, fifth jimmy white, seventh William Thorne, eighth terry griffiths, tenth Tony Meo, thirteenth Neil foulds and sixteenth Rex Williams. Their wonderful performance feasted our audience, and finally Willie Fuld beat jimmy white 5-2 to win the championship. Although eight players in China were eliminated in the first round, Zhang won a game. Through this TV broadcast, about 1 100 million viewers in China enjoyed this high-level broadcast, which triggered a billiard craze in China.
65438-0994 was the first time to jointly establish a professional billiards class with Beijing Sishi Zhongxingwei Sporting Goods Co., Ltd., which was favored by candidates, parents and society, and was supported by Taiwan Province Asia and World Federation. In order to carry out the policy of "China billiards goes to the world and faces the future" and cultivate new billiards players, referees and management talents with cultural theory and high technical level, the first "Beijing billiards sports school" in China was formally established on the basis of 1995 billiards professional class. 1996, Xingwei Sporting Goods Co., Ltd. and Beijing Sport University jointly established the billiards project of the Department of Physical Education, which created conditions for cultivating advanced billiards professionals in China.